胎脑移植治疗脑性瘫痪21例分析

本文报告采用胎脑移植治疗脑性瘫痪病人２１例。通过术后１～４年随访，其中疗效优４例，良８例，一般５例，无效４例。无并发症。并对移植作用的可能机制和手术要点进行讨论，主张复合移植。     

胎脑移植治疗脑性瘫痪21例分析

本文报告采用胎脑移植治疗脑性瘫痪病人２１例，通过术后１￣４年随访，其中疗效优４例，良８例，一般５例，无效４例，无并发症，并对移植作用的可能机制和手术要点进行讨论，主张复合移植。     

脑动脉瘤破裂的早期外科治疗

尽管对脑动脉瘤的诊断与治疗取得很大的成绩,但死亡率仍然很高。北美每年因脑动脉瘤破裂发生蛛网膜下腔出血病人28000人,其中有10000人在第一次出血后死亡或残废。在住院病人中,因继发性蛛网膜下腔出血、血管痉挛以及保守或外科治疗发生合并症死亡和残废者占44.4%。分析上述病人在手术前和在延期手术后合并症死亡的根本原因之一,是动脉瘤破裂的继发性出血。在动脉瘤破裂2周内继发性出血的占14%～44%,死亡率在20.5%～85%之间。其中继发性出血病人     

脑动脉瘤显微手术治疗及脑血管痉挛的综合防治

目的探讨脑动脉瘤破裂出血后的最佳手术时机和方法,分析影响脑动脉瘤患者预后的因素,探讨防治脑血管痉挛的最佳措施.方法回顾性分析412例脑动脉瘤患者的临床资料,着重探讨不同时期开颅手术的效果和急性期锁孔手术的相对适应证,分析影响颅内动脉瘤患者预后的因素,比较各种防治脑血管痉挛措施的效果.结果使用常规开颅显微手术治疗361例,其中急性期手术222例,92%动脉瘤夹闭成功;发病后4～14d手术63例;延期手术76例.非急性期手术患者在等待手术期间发生动脉瘤再破裂出血27例(27/139).经眉眶上锁孔入路动脉瘤夹闭31例.未行手术治疗20例.术后脑血管痉挛的总发生率为45.5%,其中静脉联合使用尼莫同加硫酸镁组为32.7%;尼莫同加环孢菌素-A组为33.3%.术后3个月时预后良好333例,中残29例,重残及植物人15例,死亡23例,自动出院12例.病程中有意识障碍、癫痫发作、动脉瘤多次破裂的预后较差.结论脑动脉瘤一旦发现应积极争取早期手术治疗,锁孔手术同样适合急性期手术.病程中有意识障碍、癫痫发作、病情危重及动脉瘤多次破裂是影响患者预后的重要因素.静脉联合使用尼莫同加硫酸镁或尼莫同加环孢菌素-A是防治脑血管痉挛的较好方法.     

脑池型脑囊虫病的外科治疗

脑池内囊虫为脑囊虫在颅内存在的一种类型,可以合并有其它部位的囊虫存在,由于囊虫在局部引起炎性反应以及肿物的占位效应均可以引起相应症状,部分需要手术治疗。本组8例经手术证实,现报告如下。     

先天性脑穿通畸形的显微外科治疗

先天性脑穿通畸形的显微外科治疗曹作为史克珊石小峰陈晓东李瀛陈焕雄林鹏脑穿通畸形是一种少见的“神经外科疾病”。虽其为良性病变，却有潜在的危害性。此症至今尚无规范的外科治疗方法。作者自１９８１年以来，应用显微手术技术，采用囊壁大部切除及脉络丛电灼术治疗了...     

伽玛刀治疗脑转移瘤临床分析

目的　回顾分析伽玛刀治疗脑转移瘤的方法及疗效。方法　伽玛刀治疗脑转移瘤 2 6 2例 ,随访 182例共 2 76个病灶。单发 39例 ,单纯伽玛刀治疗 2 1例 ,伽玛刀 +全脑放疗 18例。多发 14 3例 ,伽玛刀治疗前后均辅以全脑放疗。结果　 182例随访 6～ 2 8个月。完全缓解 110例 (6 0 .4 % ) ,部分缓解 6 2例 (34.1% ) ,无变化 7例(3.8% ) ,进展 3例 (1.7% )。生存期 3～ 2 8个月 ,平均 14个月。存活 12个月以上 76例 (41.8% ) ,存活 2 4个月以上 82例 (45 .1% )。 39例单发转移瘤 ,两种治疗方法的治疗结果无显著差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论　伽玛刀治疗脑转移瘤 ,安全、见效快、并发症少 ,疗效确切 ,能有效的提高生存质量 ,延长生长时间。单发或 3个以内的转移瘤 ,可以单用伽玛刀单次或分次治疗 ,避免全脑放疗的不良反应。     

脑CT立体定向治疗脑出血

近年来我们曾应用脑CT立体定向仪与螺旋吸引血肿清除器治疗脑出血取得较好效果,现报告如下。 临床资料 本组16例,男12例,女4例,年龄40～65岁,平均57岁。按Matsumoto分期,急性期(发病3日内)6例,亚急性期(发病4～14天)6例,慢性期(15天以上)4例。16例均有不同程度意识障碍和肢体偏     

养血清脑颗粒治疗慢性脑供血不足疗效观察

本文主要观察在常规治疗的同时对患者应用养血清脑颗粒治疗的疗效,现报告如下。1资料与方法1.1一般资料所有患者均为我院内科2011-06—2011-12收治的慢性脑供血不足患者46例,随机分为实验组23例,男15例,女8例,平均年龄45.6岁,病程4～12个月;合并高     

梗死灶切除治疗重型颅脑外伤合并大面积脑梗死

目的探讨重型颅脑外伤合并大面积脑梗死的最佳外科处理方式.方法对53例重型颅脑外伤病人行开颅血肿、挫伤脑组织清除术加去骨瓣减压术,其中31例未行梗死灶切除(第1组),22例行梗死灶切除(第2组).术后1个月、12个月评价两组的GOS,并行χ2检验.结果术后第1组死亡7例,植物生存5例,重残8例,轻残11例;第2组死亡1例,植物生存2例,重残9例,轻残10例.两组不良结果率(死亡 植物状态)有显著性差异,P＜0.05.结论对重型颅脑外伤合并大面积脑梗死的病人行挫伤脑组织和血肿加梗死灶切除,对降低病死率、提高有效生存率有明显作用.     

Adjuvant whole brain radiation following resection of brain metastases

Brain metastasis is a common complication of systemic cancer and significant cause of suffering in oncology patients. Despite a plethora of available treatment modalities, the prognosis is poor with a median survival time of approximately one year. For patients with controlled systemic disease, good performance status, and a limited number of metastases, treatment typically entails surgical resection or radiosurgery, followed by whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) to control microscopic disease. WBRT is known to control the progression of cancer in the brain, but it can also have toxic effects, particularly with regard to neurocognition. There is no consensus as to whether the benefit of WBRT outweighs the potential harm. We review the evidence related to the question of whether patients undergoing surgical resection of brain metastases should receive adjuvant WBRT.     

颅脑损伤术后并发脑梗死的临床分析

目的探讨颅脑损伤术后脑梗死的发生机制及治疗方法。方法回顾分析24例颅脑损伤术后病人发生脑梗死的临床资料。结果保守治疗19例,开颅减压5例,死亡7例。结论颅脑损伤后如手术指征明确则须及时手术。术后注意病情变化采取综合治疗措施。应积极保持脑灌注压、维持血压及血氧,降低颅内压,改善脑血管痉挛,早期扩管改善微循环,有利于降低死残率,改善预后。     

Sleep: big brain meets little brain

2001 Harcourt Publishers Ltd     

Effect of brain structure, brain function, and brain connectivity on relapse in alcohol-dependent patients

CONTEXT In alcohol-dependent patients, brain atrophy and functional brain activation elicited by alcohol-associated stimuli may predict relapse. However, to date, the interaction between both factors has not been studied. OBJECTIVE To determine whether results from structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging are associated with relapse in detoxified alcohol-dependent patients. DESIGN A cue-reactivity functional magnetic resonance experiment with alcohol-associated and neutral stimuli. After a follow-up period of 3 months, the group of 46 detoxified alcohol-dependent patients was subdivided into 16 abstainers and 30 relapsers. SETTING Faculty for Clinical Medicine Mannheim at the University of Heidelberg, Germany. PARTICIPANTS A total of 46 detoxified alcohol-dependent patients and 46 age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Local gray matter volume, local stimulus-related functional magnetic resonance imaging activation, joint analyses of structural and functional data with Biological Parametric Mapping, and connectivity analyses adopting the psychophysiological interaction approach. RESULTS Subsequent relapsers showed pronounced atrophy in the bilateral orbitofrontal cortex and in the right medial prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortex, compared with healthy controls and patients who remained abstinent. The local gray matter volume-corrected brain response elicited by alcohol-associated vs neutral stimuli in the left medial prefrontal cortex was enhanced for subsequent relapsers, whereas abstainers displayed an increased neural response in the midbrain (the ventral tegmental area extending into the subthalamic nucleus) and ventral striatum. For alcohol-associated vs neutral stimuli in abstainers compared with relapsers, the analyses of the psychophysiological interaction showed a stronger functional connectivity between the midbrain and the left amygdala and between the midbrain and the left orbitofrontal cortex. CONCLUSIONS Subsequent relapsers displayed increased brain atrophy in brain areas associated with error monitoring and behavioral control. Correcting for gray matter reductions, we found that, in these patients, alcohol-related cues elicited increased activation in brain areas associated with attentional bias toward these cues and that, in patients who remained abstinent, increased activation and connectivity were observed in brain areas associated with processing of salient or aversive stimuli.     

The features of the brain immune system in brain neoplasms

Examining responses of the local immune system of the brain in neurocancer patients suggests that the immune system is involved in the neuroimmune interaction of both physiological and pathological conditions in the central nervous system (CNS). The setting off the local immune system of the brain is of functional nature, similar to functional analogy with the local system of the mucosae. By functional analogy, the aggregate of immune responses in the nervous tissue and cerebrospinal fluid should be called local and the system that includes these responses should named the local immune system of the brain. Due to the fact that nervous, endocrine, and immune regulatory pathways intersect in the CNS (hypothalamus), it is expedient to call this aggregate of defensive factors and mechanisms in CNS more broadly--the neuroimmune system.