运用决策树模型对某医院不稳定型心绞痛住院费用的分析

目的 探索不稳定型心绞痛患者住院费用疾病诊断相关分组方案,为控制住院费用提供参考。方法 收集广东省某三级甲等医院2021年1月1日-2022年5月31日主要诊断为不稳定型心绞痛的住院患者信息。利用单因素分析和多元线性回归分析筛选出分类节点变量,运用CHAID决策树模型对不稳定型心绞痛患者进行分组及费用测算。结果 共纳入不稳定型心绞痛住院患者1026例,中位住院总费用为15201.00元。住院天数、是否手术、性别作为分类节点变量进入了决策树模型,病例组合的CV在0.4到0.55之间,说明组内差异小;RIV为53.268%,说明组间异质性强。最终共形成8个费用组合,包括4个无手术组和4个有手术组。基于组合结果得到无手术组住院费用标准4554-11522元,有手术组住院费用标准14918-23761元,病种权重在0.4-2.2之间,无手术组存在费用超限的情况。结论 病例组合结果合理,基于决策树得到的病例组合可以提供住院费用标准、病种权重、线外费用标准,有利于控制该病种的住院费用,减轻患者经济负担,为医疗费用支付方式改革提供一定的参考。     

广西乳腺癌患者疾病诊断相关分组的研究

目的研究广西乳腺癌的疾病诊断相关分组(DRGs)方案及分组效果。方法收集广西199家医院共35 162例病案数据。应用相关分析比较各变量与住院总费用间的相关性,并根据文献分析及专家咨询结果选择关键变量。利用卡方自动交互检测算法构建决策树,得到DRGs,利用变异系数和方差减少量对DRGs进行评价。结果以住院天数、医院级别、治疗方式、合并症或并发症为关键自变量,住院总费用为因变量,进行决策树分析,得到24个DRGs,且组内同质性强,组间异质性大,分组合理。结论利用决策树构建乳腺癌DRGs科学合理,可以为本地区相关部门制定乳腺癌及其他病种分组费用标准提供参考。     

通过DRGs组合方式制定上尿路结石患者住院费用的研究

目的探讨适合广州市上尿路结石的DRGs病例组合方案,制定上尿路结石患者住院费用的参考标准。方法采用单因素分析和多重线性逐步回归方法对2009年~2013年以上尿路结石为主要诊断的2379例病案数据进行分析,确定住院费用的主要影响因素,利用数据挖掘决策树的方法建立上尿路结石患者的DRGs病例组合模型。结果住院费用的主要影响因素有：年龄、婚姻、手术方式、疗效和是否并发症与合并症;通过对2379例上尿路结石患者分组,共形成10个DRGs组合和相对应住院费用标准。结论通过应用以治疗方式及手术方式为主要分类节点的DRGs分组方式,制定符合上尿路结石患者住院费用标准,利于规范医院的诊疗行为,减轻患者的经济负担。     

基于疾病诊断相关分组的癫痫患者住院费用分析

目的 分析癫痫患者住院费用情况,探讨癫痫患者的疾病诊断相关分组和费用标准,为疾病诊断相关分组支付方式改革提供参考。方法 收集北京市某三甲医院2018年1月1日-2021年12月31日1597例癫痫患者病例,采用单因素分析和多元线性逐步回归方法对数据进行分析,确定住院费用的主要影响因素,使用决策树自动交互检验法建立疾病诊断相关分组模型。结果 癫痫患者的平均住院费用为21 826.79元,中位数为7438.04元,平均住院天数是6.28天,平均年龄为39.14岁,通过门诊入院的患者占92.55%,手术治疗的患者有257例,占16.09%,住院费用的主要影响因素有住院天数、合并症/并发症个数和治疗方式,通过决策树分组后得到7个分组和对应的费用标准,不同分组的住院费用差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),各组合的变异系数最小值为0.15,最大值为0.42。结论 基于疾病诊断相关分组方式的癫痫患者分组合理,分组后的费用标准可为医疗保险机构制定付费标准提供参考依据。     

儿童发育性髋关节发育不良的DRG分组研究

目的 探索适合重庆地区儿童发育性髋关节发育不良疾病诊断相关分组(DRG)病例组合的分组付费方案,为制定儿童发育性髋关节发育不良住院费用标准提供数据支持。方法 筛选重庆医科大学附属儿童医院2020年1月至2021年12月发育性髋关节发育不良病例626例,采用Spearman秩相关分析、非参数检验、多重线性回归分析筛选分类节点变量,运用χ²自助互动检验法构建决策树模型,获得DRG病例组合方案和费用标准。结果 儿童发育性髋关节发育不良的住院费用主要影响因素为年龄、住院时间、复位次数、手术方式、手术侧数、是否输血、是否行肌肉松解术、是否行股骨截骨术。通过分组最终形成12个有效DRG组合和对应住院费用标准,不同分组间的住院费用比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 采用决策树模型进行DRG分组及费用研究,结果科学合理,可为本地小儿骨科的DRG付费试点实施提供参考。     

基于决策树分类方式对北京地区2019-2021年871例乳腺癌患者住院费用研究

目的 利用决策树分类方式分析北京地区3年内871例乳腺癌患者的住院费用,为管理部门决策奠定理论基础。方法 收集2019年1月1日-2021年12月31日北京地区871例乳腺癌住院患者的病案首页,分析不同年份其住院费用构成情况,并通过决策树分类模型将所有患者进行疾病诊断相关分类(DRGs),采用绝对值及相对权重法测算所有乳腺癌患者的住院费用标准。结果 乳腺癌患者2019-2021年住院总费用从高至低分别为2020年3 523 965.98元<2019年3 763 289.85元<2021年3 924 283.54元;各个年份均为药品费用所占的构成比最大,护理康复费呈逐年上升趋势;多重线性回归分析显示治疗方式、医疗付款方式及转归情况对住院费用影响最大,P<0.05;经交叉验证方法对验证所构建出的决策树从而得到12个DRGs组合,具有较高的组内同质性;各分组费用超标例数均在10%～12%左右,且DRGs中9组的病种权重最高(1.92),DRGs中6组的病种权重最低(0.42)。结论 药品费用是目前乳腺癌患者住院期间的最大经济负担,同时不同的治疗方式、医疗付款方式及转归情况是...     

穷举法卡方自动交互检测对冠心病患者住院费用的分析

目的 基于穷举法卡方自动交互检测(E-CHAID)对冠心病患者的住院费用进行DRGs分组分析,以区分不同类型冠心病患者费用差异的关键点。方法 通过病案信息系统检索选取2016年1月1日-2020年12月31日期间3年某医院1920例冠心病住院患者首页信息,采用单因素分析、多重线性回归分析筛选影响冠心病患者住院费用的分类节点变量,E-CHAID决策树构建对住院费用进行分析。结果 住院天数(t=42.763)、性别(t=0.779)、年龄(t=0.353)、肺炎(t=4.706)、心功能不全(t=3.197)分别与住院总费用有统计学意义(P<0.05);手术操作、住院天数、肺炎、高血压和心功能不全是影响住院总费用的重要因素(P<0.05)。入院途径,转归情况,费用类别,离院方式与住院总费用之间无统计学意义(P>0.05)。以手术操作、肺炎、高血压、心功能不全和住院天数作为影响因素,预测冠心病患者住院总费用的分组情况,进行决策树构建,最终共形成6个DRGs组(P<0.05)。结论 冠心病患者的住院费用与手术操作、高血压、心功能不全及住院天数有关,不同分类组合方式影响费...     

基于决策树模型HC25病组DRGs细分组及住院费用的影响因素研究

目的 构建基于决策树模型HC25病组患者DRGs细分组的研究及住院费用的影响因素。方法 收集西安交通大学第一附属医院2020年1月至2022年6月依据CHS-DRG分组方案进入HC25(胆囊切除术,不伴并发症或合并症)病组患者的病案首页数据(n=3 844),通过单因素和多因素分析了解影响住院费用的主要因素,通过建立决策树模型进行病例组合,分析分组效果及不同分组的费用标准。结果 正态性检验结果显示:住院费用呈偏态分布(χ²=0.197,P<0.001);单因素方差分析结果显示:住院费用在不同年龄、性别、手术方式、患者来源、医疗付费方式、入院病情危重情况、术前时间、住院时间、是否有再住院计划之间,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05);多重线性逐步回归分析结果显示,影响住院费用显著性差异的因素从大到小依次为:住院时间、手术方式、入院病情危重情况、性别、术前时间、患者来源、再住院计划(P均<0.05);采用CHAID共生成了7个DRGs分组,第一层分类节点变量是手术方式,第二层是术前时间、住院时间,第三层是入院时病情危重情况;不同DRGs组合的住院费用比较,差异有统计学意义(χ²=2 474.595,P<0.001),组合DRGs(1)的住院费用最高,权重最高;DRGs(7)的住院费用最低,权重最小;所有DRGs病组中超标费用患者共170例(4.42%),各组超标费用比例均<10%。结论 基于决策树模型对HC25病组的细分组效果合理有效,能较客观反映医疗资源消耗水平。     

基于数据挖掘的甲状腺癌住院费用影响因素分析

目的 分析甲状腺癌住院费用影响因素,为医院费用控制策略制订提供数据支撑。方法 选取中部地区某三甲医院2020年1月1日至2021年9月30日甲状腺癌并实施手术治疗的患者共1747例,使用多元线性回归分析确定住院费用影响因素,并通过决策树模型分析不同病例组合的费用情况。结果 甲状腺癌手术患者住院费用中位数为29 449.9元,年龄、药占比、耗占比、手术费占比、住院天数、住院病区为住院费用的影响因素。决策树模型包括7个分支和9个终端节点,其中节点4的平均费用最高,病例组合为住院天数≥7天,病区=1,耗占比≥30.15%。结论 基于数据挖掘进行住院费用分析,有助于制定更精准并具针对性的费用控制策略,更符合医院精细化管理和建设高质量医院的要求。     

急性阑尾炎患者住院费用影响因素的决策树模型

目的：分析急性阑尾炎患者住院费用的影响因素,为合理控制医疗费用提供依据。方法采用回顾性研究方法,收集6198例急性阑尾炎患者的住院费用数据,利用非参数的决策树模型对住院费用影响因素进行分析。结果决策树模型为3层16分类模型,同时得出了各个类别的百分比及住院费用参考范围。住院天数、医院级别、有无手术、有无次要诊断及年龄是影响住院费用的因素,其中最为关键的因素是住院天数,其次是医院级别。结论控制住院天数是降低住院费用的有效措施,医院级别与是否手术也应作为制订急性阑尾炎患者住院费用参考标准的重要依据。决策树模型可以用来分析住院费用等偏态数据,模型效果良好。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.