2017年三门峡市某区公共场所卫生监测微生物检测结果分析

目的对三门峡市某区公共场所卫生监测微生物项目进行分析,为当地卫生监督工作提供依据。方法选取2017年1-12月三门峡市某区的公共卫生场所作为主要的监测对象,包括美容美发店、宾馆旅店、文化娱乐场所和商场。监测项目为公共场所中的空气细菌总数和公共用品用具微生物,并采用χ^2检验对其监测合格率进行分析比较。结果本次共监测246家公共卫生场所,监测率为85.12%(246/289),包括美发店154家、宾馆旅店47家、文化娱乐场所30家和商场15家。公共场所空气共检测空气样本700份,合格633份,总合格率为90.47%,不同场所合格率差异具有统计学意义(χ^2=6.429,P<0.001),以美容美发店空气细菌总数合格率最低(85.29%)。在公共用品用具微生物监测中,宾馆旅店细菌总数合格166份,合格率为82.18%(166/202),理发店、美容店细菌总数合格383份,合格率为93.61%(383/409)。结论该地区公共场所的卫生状况不容乐观,特别应加大对宾馆、旅店的督查力度,并提高相关从业人员的卫生意识和经营管理者自身的卫生素质,严格落实消毒隔离制度。     

亳州市2013年公共场所卫生监测结果分析

目的了解亳州市公共场所卫生状况,为加强公共场所卫生监督监测工作,提高公共场所卫生质量提供依据。方法依据《公共场所卫生监测技术规范》和《公共场所卫生标准检验方法》采样检测,依据《公共场所卫生标准》对检测结果进行评价。结果 353家公共场所的室内环境监测户数合格率为89.2%,卫生指标合格率为96.9%。135家公共场所的公共用品监测户数合格率为88.1%,卫生指标合格率为97.4%。室内环境监测指标中,娱乐场所噪声、CO2、相对湿度、CO和细菌总数合格率均低于其他场所结果,差异有统计学意义。公共用品用具检测指标中,公共浴室和娱乐场所茶具细菌总数合格率低于其他公共场所的结果,差异有统计学意义。结论亳州市公共场所卫生状况总体水平有待提高,尤其要加强该市娱乐场所和公共浴室的卫生监督管理,以有效提高当地各类公共场所的卫生水平。     

2019年民权县公共场所空气与用品用具微生物抽检结果分析

目的 了解2019年民权县公共场所空气与用品用具微生物抽检结果,为保障公共场所的卫生安全提供依据。方法 2019年对民权县住宿、文化娱乐以及美容美发等公共场所进行卫生监督和抽样,检测空气、公共用品用具的微生物含量等指标,并进行卫生学评价。结果 共抽查36家公共场所,抽检用品用具485件,其中合格438件,合格率为90.31%;不同类型公共场所的合格率为88.82%～100.00%,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。抽检住宿、美容美发场所的公共用品共350件,微生物不同检测项目中住宿场所公共用品的细菌总数合格率最低（58.67%）;不同公共用品用具中卫生洁具的合格率最低（79.69%）。抽检住宿场所25间、娱乐场所5间室内空气检测可吸入颗粒物、甲醛、二氧化碳等指标,有3份来自住宿场所的样本二氧化碳浓度超标,其余均合格。结论 2019年民权县公共场所空气与用品用具的卫生状况良好,但仍需加强监管工作,尤其是对小旅馆要加强卫生宣传。     

深圳市2016-2019年龙岗区894家公共场所用品用具卫生检测结果分析

目的 通过分析公共场所用品/具卫生检测结果,了解深圳市龙岗区公共场所卫生状况.方法 收集2016-2019年深圳市龙岗区公共场所的棉织品、水杯、美容美容美发工具等用品/具的细菌总数、大肠杆菌、致病菌等卫生检测数据,根据国家卫生标准进行评价,并分别对场所和用品/具的合格率并进行统计学比较和分析.结果 2016-2019年共检测公共场所894家,其中822家合格,合格率92.0％,检测公共用品用具样品8 175份,合格7992份,合格率97.8％.4年间,住宿场所的用品用具合格率为98.7％,美容美发场所为97.0％,文化娱乐场所为100％,差异有统计学意义(x2=33.340,P＜0.01).不同种类用品用具的合格率分别为:棉织品类96.7％,杯具类100％,拖鞋99.2％,美容美发工具100.00％,其他类100％,差异有统计学意义(x2=86.496,P＜0.01).住宿场所棉织品合格率为98.3％,美容美发场所棉织品合格率为95.8％,差异有统计学意义(x2=23.699,P＜0.01).与文化娱乐场所相比,住宿场所和美容美发场所的公共用品用具的细菌总数检测合格率较低.结论 深圳市龙岗区美容美发场所和棉织品类卫生检测合格率较低.     

宁夏回族自治区公共场所卫生状况调查

目的了解宁夏回族自治区公共场所卫生状况,加强监管提供依据。方法 2013年,抽取自治区境内807家公共场所,对其游泳池水质、空气质量和公共用品用具进行卫生监测。结果 7 244份样品,合格6 750份,总合格率为93.18%。6类公共场所中,集中空调使用单位的样品合格率最高,达94.63%;游泳场所合格率最低,为87.10%。各类场所的合格率差异有统计学意义(χ2=29.733,P0.01)。公共用品用具中,修脚工具合格率最高,达100.00%;脸(脚、浴)盆的合格率最低,为84.75%。不同种类公共用品用具的合格率差异有统计学意义(χ2=105.626,P0.01)。结论宁夏公共场所总体卫生状况较好,但存在一定的隐患,应加强卫生监测,做好公共用品用具的清洗、消毒工作。     

2010—2014年重庆市开县公共场所卫生监测结果

目的对近5年重庆市开县公共场所的卫生监测结果进行统计分析,为进一步改善该县公共场所卫生状况提供科学依倨。方法依据《公共场所卫生监测技术规范》《公共场所卫生标准检验方法》和《公共场所卫生标准》进行采样、检测和评价。结果 2010—2014年监测公共场所各类项目共37 610份,合格率为99.03%;室内环境监测项目中空气细菌总数合格率最低,为97.29%;公共用品用具监测项目中细菌总数合格率最低,为96.56%;各类公共场所中饭馆(餐厅)合格率最低,为79.75%;微生物指标中毛巾合格率最低,为93.57%;城区和乡镇公共场所合格率差异无统计学意义(χ2=3.052,P0.05)。结论开县公共场所卫生状况总体水平良好,建议进一步落实公共用品用具的清洗、消毒制度和加强对乡镇公共场所的监管力度。     

某县公共场所用品用具卫生状况调查

目的:探讨公共场所用品用具卫生状况,并分析问题可能产生的原因,以促进工程场所卫生质量。方法:本文对2016年广饶县公共场所用品用具的卫生状况进行抽样调查及检测,调查的主要公共场所为公共浴室、娱乐场所、客房以及理发美容室用品用具,并以《公共场所卫生标准》对结果进行分析及评价。结果:在860份检验样品中合格率为93.84%,合格率最高为住宿场所,最低为娱乐场所;公共浴室、娱乐场所、理发及美容室合格率明显低于住宿场所,差异具有统计学意义(PO.05)。细菌总数不合格项目构成比为85.0%,其次为大肠杆菌不合格项目构成比为15.0%。结论:广饶县公共场所用品用具卫生质量尚存在一定问题,今后应该加强对公共场所用品用具的监督及检测力度。     

2022年海南省公共场所卫生状况分析

目的 分析海南省公共场所基本卫生状况及其主要健康危害因素,为促进公共场所卫生管理提供技术支持。方法2022年对海南省7类200家公共场所进行健康危害因素监测,并对检测结果进行统计分析。结果 共监测海南省公共场所样品共计2 339份,总体合格率为83.9%。不同类型场所样品合格率差异有统计学意义(χ²=120.63,P<0.05),其中游泳场(馆)和宾馆(酒店)合格率相对较低,分别为65.8%和76.3%,其余5类场所样本整体合格率在85.7%～96.5%之间。宾馆(酒店)室内空气主要不合格指标为甲醛、细菌总数、PM₁₀和PM_2.5;理发店和美容店两类场所室内空气主要不合格指标为氨和PM₁₀;商场(超市)室内空气不合格指标主要是细菌总数。6类公共场所监测的各类公共用品用具均检出细菌总数超标;宾馆(酒店)、美容店和理发店毛巾pH值不合格率分别为43.2%、13.6%和11.4%。游泳场(馆)主要不合格指标是游泳池水pH值、尿素和氧化还原电位,其中氧化还原电位不合格率为29.6%。结论 2022年海...     

2012年韶关市住宿场所公共用品用具抽检结果分析

目的了解韶关市住宿场所公共用品用具卫生状况,为卫生监督机构开展公共场所卫生监督管理及规范卫生制度的落实提供依据。方法对辖区内的部分住宿场所开展公共用品用具消毒效果检测,并对检测结果进行分析。结果共检测20家住宿场所的各类公共用品用具184份,合格148份,合格率为80．43％。其中,细菌总数合格率为84．77％,大肠菌群合格率为98．73％,致病菌合格率为92．39％。各类公共用品用具中,杯具的合格率为48．72％,拖鞋的合格率为51．85％,其他样品的合格率均在90％以上。三星以上宾馆及酒店与普通宾馆及旅店之间比较,仅拖鞋合格率差异有统计学意义（χ^2=6．312,P〈0．05）,其他各类用品用具合格率差异无统计学意义。结论韶关市住宿场所公共用品用具卫生状况一般,杯具及拖鞋的消毒质量有待提高,是监督管理的重点。     

宁夏住宿场所公共用品用具卫生状况调查

目的掌握宁夏回族自治区住宿场所公共用品用具卫生状况,加强卫生监督管理。方法按照《公共场所卫生监测技术规范》和《公共场所卫生标准监测检验方法》进行抽样检测。结果 2012—2013年共监督监测345家住宿场所,采样3 283份,合格3 079份,样品合格率为93.79%。2年间三星级及以上住宿场所合格率高于普通旅店、招待所(二者差异有统计学意义,χ2=57.359,P<0.01);公共用品用具中,床上卧具合格率96.74%;脸(脚)盆合格率为86.62%。结论宁夏住宿场所应有重点地加强卫生监督监测工作。     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.