循证晚期妊娠母血及脐血铁蛋白水平的相关性

目的　研究晚期妊娠妇女血清及胎儿脐血中铁蛋白水平的变化并探讨其相关性。方法　根据血红蛋白 (Hb)水平的不同各选取 2 5例孕足月妇女定为A组 (10 0 g/L～ 10 5g/L)、B组 (10 5 g/L～ 110 g/L)、C组 (Hb≥ 110g/L)。分别测定母血、脐血铁蛋白水平。结果　C组母血、脐血铁蛋白水平分别为 (19.0 9± 4 .0 8) μg/L和 (199.6 0± 6 1.0 4 ) μg/L ,高于A、B组 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;Hb在 10 0g/L～ 110 g/L范围内母血与脐血的铁蛋白水平呈正相关 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　通过对母血铁蛋白的测定可以了解胎儿体内的贮铁水平 ;将正常孕妇血红蛋白值评判标准以往的 >10 0 g/L提高为 >110g/L ,有利于及时发现和治疗铁缺乏期的孕妇。     

脐血可溶性转铁蛋白受体分析的临床应用

目的用脐血测定可溶性转铁蛋白受体 (sTfR)的浓度 ,分析孕妇铁缺乏时对胎儿铁代谢的影响。方法同时测定124例产妇静脉血 ,脐血中血清铁 (serumironSI)、铁蛋白 (serumferritinSF)、总铁结合率 (TIBC)、转铁蛋白受体 (sTfR)、血红蛋白 (Hb) ,并计算转铁蛋白受体指数 (TfR -Findex)。结果52例孕妇存在铁缺乏 (Fr<10ug/L)。铁缺乏孕妇伴有脐血铁蛋白浓度降低 (113～171ug/L) ,脐血血色素浓度下降 (156～168g/L) ;而sTfR与TfR -FIndex基本不变。结论铁缺乏的孕妇其胎儿铁贮存下降 ,脐血sTfR、sTfR -F值不受孕妇铁缺乏的影响。脐血sTfR -F指标可作为判断新生儿铁状况、红细胞生成的良好指标 ,优于sTfR单一指标。     

胰岛素样生长因子-1及内皮素-1水平与胎儿宫内发育受限发病的关系

目的 探讨胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)及内皮素-1 (ET-1)与胎儿宫内发育受限(FGR)发病的关系.方法 应用放射免疫分析法和酶联免疫吸附试验,分别测定21例FGR患儿脐血、孕妇(FGR组)血清及羊水中IGF-1和ET-1水平,同期住院的正常晚期妊娠妇女34例(正常妊娠组)作为对照.结果 (1)FGR组孕妇血清IGF-1为112.16±7.02μg/L,低于正常妊娠组的207.07±8.25μg/L,两者比较,差异有显著性(P＜0.01);FGR组脐血清IGF-1为16.27±7.38μg/L,低于正常妊娠组的44.89±6.44μg/L,两者比较, 差异有极显著性(P＜0.001);FGR组羊水中IGF-1 与正常妊娠组无明显差异(P＞0.05);(2)FGR组脐血清ET-1为79.34±3.67μg/L,高于正常妊娠组的43.96±4.16μg/L,两者比较,差异有显著性(P＜0.01);FGR组羊水中ET-1水平(21.96±1.89μg/L)明显高于正常妊娠组(10.41±2.13μg/L),两组相比有显著差异(P＜0.01);而FGR组孕妇血清ET-1与正常妊娠组相比无明显差异(P＞0.05).结论 IGF-1及ET-1在FGR的发病中可能起到重要作用有关.     

分娩时母血清、新生儿脐血清铁蛋白水平及其相关性研究

本文报告应用放射免疫分析法测定分娩时130例母血清和130例新生儿脐血清铁蛋白水平(其中30对为配对测定)。结果发现:(1)母血清铁蛋白水平中位数为20μg/L,而新生儿脐血清为135μg/L,后者明显高于前者(P<0.01)。(2)30例作母血清与其新生儿脐血清铁蛋白水平配对测定者,其结果经线性回归分析表明,二者呈中度正相关(r=0.5453,P<0.01,y=68.8+4.0x)。因此作者认为,胎儿可能具有主动汲取母体铁的能力。但即使如此,因新生儿脐血清铁蛋白水平与其母血清水平呈中度正相关。故孕母缺铁应及时补充。     

妊高征患者瘦素水平测定及与胎儿发育的关系

目的研究妊高征患者及其新生儿脐血瘦素水平,以探讨瘦素在妊高征发病中的意义及其与胎儿宫内发育的关系.方法正常孕妇,轻、中、重度妊高征患者各10例,分别于入院后抽取肘前静脉血,分娩时抽取脐静脉血测定瘦素水平.结果正常妊娠组,轻、中、重度妊高征组母血瘦素分别为21.07±5.79ng/ml,19.84±6.19 ng/ml,25.31±6.34ng/ml,30.16±6.78ng/ml;脐血瘦素分别为4.20±2.04ng/ml,3.54±1.95ng/ml,6.32±1.60ng/ml,8.51±2.31 ng/ml;胎儿体重分别为3160±368.03g,3140±441.46g,2920±548.33g,2670±539.65g.正常妊娠组与轻度妊高征组母血及脐血瘦素水平比较均无显著性差异(P＞0.05);重度妊高征组较中度妊高征组母血及脐血瘦素水平均增高,差异有显著性(P＜0.01,P＜0.05);中度妊高征组较对照组(轻度妊高征组及正常妊娠组合并)母血及脐血瘦素水平也均增高,差异也有显著性(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).重度妊高征组母血瘦素与脐血瘦素水平呈显著性正相关(r=0.9,P＜0.01),其余各组均无此相关性.重度妊高征组新生儿体重低于正常妊娠组,差异有显著性(t=2.37,P＜0.05),其余各组间比较均无显著性差异.各组脐血瘦素水平均与新生儿体重呈正相关.结论妊高征患者母血、脐血瘦素均有随病情逐渐增高的趋势,瘦素参与妊高征的发病;重度妊高征时胎盘瘦素可能是脐血瘦素的来源之一并有促进胎儿宫内发育的作用.     

血清转铁蛋白受体检测确定妊娠期铁缺陷

妊娠期妇女由于一些生理性变化 ,使得对铁缺陷 (ID)的准确评价变得很困难。本文作者采用血清转铁蛋白受体(STFR)测定的方法检测妊娠期 ID,取得满意效果。方法　 10 0例年龄 17～ 39岁的妊娠头三个月的孕妇 ,除常规进行标准测定 (血红蛋白 ,红细胞指数 ,血清转铁蛋白百分率及血清铁蛋白 )外 ,所有均进行血清转铁蛋白受体测定。结果　 81例孕妇获得完整的实验数据。 35例 (43.3% )孕妇有贫血 (Hb<11g/ dl) ,其 Hb水平与 MCH、MCHC、血清铁、转铁蛋白百分率呈正相关 ,提示贫血可能与 ID有关。贫血孕妇平均 STFR水平为 18.0 5± 9.9mg…     

母血及脐血中抵抗素水平与胎儿出生体重关系的研究

目的探讨母血及脐血抵抗素水平与胎儿出生体重的关系。方法采用酶联免疫吸附法检测14例分娩正常出生体重儿组（AGA组）、14例高出生体重儿组（LGA组）及14例低出生体重儿组（SGA组）母血及脐血血清抵抗素水平。结果（1）AGA组、LGA组、SGA组母血抵抗素水平分别为10.51±1.64、9.26±1.28、12.77±2.90μg/L,脐血抵抗素水平分别为20.43±1.78、18.63±1.70、24.41±4.80μg/L;（2）LGA组与AGA组比较,母血与脐血抵抗素水平的差异均有显著性（均P〈0.05）,SGA组与AGA组比较,母血与脐血抵抗素水平的差异也均有显著性（均P〈0.05）;（3）脐血与母血抵抗素水平成正相关（r=0.869,P〈0.05）;（4）母血与脐血抵抗素水平与胎儿出生体重均成负相关（r=-0.662,P〈0.05：r=-0.678,P〈0.05）。结论抵抗素水平的变化可能在胎儿出生体重的调节中起重要作用。     

巨大儿孕母血清、羊水、脐血瘦素水平测定及意义

目的探讨瘦素(1eptin)与巨大儿发病的关系.方法应用酶联免疫法(ELISA)检测20例巨大儿(巨大儿组)及20例正常体重儿(对照组)孕母血清.羊水及脐血瘦素水平.结果(1)巨大儿组孕母血清瘦素平均(25.6±8.2ng/rml),羊水瘦素平均(5.9±1.7ng/m1)与对照组(18.8±7.8ng/ml)及(3.9±1.7ng/ml)比较相差显著.分别为(P＜0.05)(P＜0.01).(2)巨大儿组脐血瘦素水平平均(16.8±7.0ng/m1)明显高于对照组(7.7±4.6rg/ml)(P＜0.001).(3)两组孕母血清瘦素与胎儿出生重量无相关性,而脐血瘦素水平与胎儿出生重量呈正相关.(r=0.65,P＜0.01)结论脐血瘦素来源于胎盘及胎儿组织.巨大儿的发病与脐血瘦素水平相关.     

脐血有核红细胞数量与胎儿/新生儿围产期缺氧的关系

目的 探讨新生儿脐血中有核红细胞(NRBC)数量与胎儿/新生儿围产期缺氧的关系(HIBD).为探索评价胎儿/新生儿围产期缺氧的新方法提供实验依据.方法 取脐动脉血涂片染色显微镜下进行血分析和NRBC的计数,对80例围产期缺氧的新生儿(足月单胎急性胎儿窘迫28例,足月单胎慢性胎儿窘迫34例,单胎早产儿18例)与对照组38例(正常单胎足月儿23例,单纯单胎早产儿15例)进行NRBC百分数及绝对值的比较.结果 足月单胎慢性胎儿窘迫组脐血NRBC的数量为15.81±5.55/100个白细胞,绝对值为2.07±0.58×109/L,对照组分别为2.46±1.38/100个白细胞;绝对值为0.90±0.81×109/L;足月单胎急性胎儿窘迫组脐血NRBC数量为2.79±1.03/100个白细胞绝对值为1.16±0.41×109/L.缺氧早产儿组脐血NRBC为17.78±5.95/100个白细胞,绝对值为2.07±0.82×109/L,单纯早产儿组脐血NRBC为2.80±1.84/100个白细胞,绝对值为0.65±0.57×109/L.结论 1)脐血NRBC的数量可提示足月儿和早产儿围产期缺氧状况.2)围产期慢性缺氧可引起胎儿/新生儿脐血中的NRBC数量显著增加;围产期急性缺氧脐血中NRBC数量无明显增加;3)脐血NRBC的数量与胎儿/新生儿围产期缺氧程度和缺氧发生时间及持续时间长短有关.     

子宫内膜异位不孕患者血孤啡肽及泌乳素水平的相关研究

目的探讨子宫内膜异位症(内异症)不孕患者血孤啡肽及泌乳素水平的变化及意义。方法采用放射免疫法测定29例内异症不孕妇女(不孕组)、32例内异症妊娠妇女(妊娠组),23例单纯输卵管阻塞不孕妇女(对照组)及30例健康妇女(正常组)血孤啡肽及泌乳素的含量。结果(1)不孕组妇女血孤啡肽及泌乳素的含量分别为(28.44±6.55)ng.L-1和(42.33±9.92)μg.L-1,妊娠组妇女血孤啡肽及泌乳素的含量分别为(18.26±5.13)ng.L-1和(29.32±8.51)μg.L-1,对照组分别为(10.18±3.64)ng.L-1和(18.05±4.77)μg.L-1,正常组分别为(11.35±3.71)ng.L-1和(16.14±4.46)μg.L-1。(2)内异症不孕组及妊娠组妇女血孤啡肽水平显著高于对照组及正常组(P<0.01及P<0.05),且不孕组与妊娠组间差异也有显著性(P<0.05)。(3)不孕组及妊娠组妇女血泌乳素含量高于对照组及正常组(P<0.01及P<0.05),且不孕组水平显著也高于妊娠组(P<0.05)。(4)内异症不孕组血孤啡肽及泌乳素水平显著正相关(P<0.01)。结论孤啡肽及泌乳素与子宫内膜异位不孕的发生、发展密切相关。     

Modes of reinforcement and gender and culture of experimenter and subject: effects of "alien" and external reinforcement for Japanese and American men and women

In this study, we examined external and "alien" reinforcement (ER and AR. respectively) as a factor in social learning, and studied the combined effects of culture and reinforcement mode. A female (Experiment 1) and a male (Experiment 2) experimenters conducted experimental sessions. Both men and women, who grew up in the same culture as the experimenter, participated and performed the experimental task. A three-way interaction effect of experimenter gender, culture, and reinforcement mode was found on task performance. And the effect was more pronounced for a Japanese experimenter. A female and a male experimenters conducted Experiments 3 and 4, respectively; however participants this time were men and women who grew up in different cultures than the experimenter. Results indicated that the pattern of the subject gender and reinforcement mode interaction effect, when the experimenter was Japanese with American subjects, was exactly opposite to that when the experimenter was American. These experiments showed that AR was as effective for social learning as ER, and that the cultural backgrounds of experimenter and subject influenced AR and ER effectiveness.     

Rates of oxygen consumption and of anaerobic glycolysis in renal cortex and medulla of adult and new-born rats and guinea-pigs

1. Rates of oxygen uptake and of anaerobic glycolysis were estimated in slices from the renal cortex and medulla (a) of adult rats and guinea-pigs, (b) of new-born (1-, 5- and 21-day-old) rats and of guinea-pigs of 1, 12, 21, 24 and 120 hr age.2. In the adult rat, Q(O2) values for the cortex were 12.55 +/- 0.20 (22) and for the medulla: 8.56 +/- 0.17 (22) mul./hr.mg dry weight, while in the new-born rat (24 hr old) they were 10.99 +/- 0.46 (12) and 9.33 +/- 0.18 (9) mul./hr.mg dry weight respectively.3. Values for Q(CO2) (N2) (anaerobic glycolysis) in the 14 hr old new-born rat were in the renal cortex 9.65 +/- 0.35 (5) and in the medulla 7.39 +/- 0.43 (5) mul./hr.mg dry weight; while in the adult they were 2.25 +/- 0.08 (16) and 5.76 +/- 0.14 (16) mul./hr.mg dry weight, respectively.4. In the adult guinea-pig values for Q(CO2) (N2) were of the same order as in the adult rat, though the rate of O(2) uptake was for the cortex 8.12 +/- 0.22 (12) and for the medulla 5.02 +/- 0.23 (11) mul./hr.mg dry weight.5. Though the Q(O2) values in the renal cortex and medulla were smaller in the 1 hr old new-born guinea-pig, they were already increasing in the 12 hr old neonate.6. The results are discussed in the light of enzyme changes occurring during the process of maturation of the nephron as indicated by histochemical observations.     

Timing and intensity of early fevers and the development of allergies and asthma

BACKGROUND: Early childhood fevers appear to protect against later allergies and asthma. What is not known is the time in which fevers exert this effect and whether the degree of temperature increase is important. OBJECTIVE: We sought to examine the relationship between the time and degree of early fevers and later allergies and asthma. METHODS: Eight hundred thirty-five children from southeast Michigan were enrolled at birth. Clinic records from their first 2 years were abstracted for episodes of fever. At age 6 to 7 years, children underwent allergy testing. We examined fevers occurring within 6-month intervals in the first 2 years of life and outcomes at age 6 to 7 years. The primary outcome measures were allergic sensitization, asthma, asthma with allergic sensitization, and asthma without allergic sensitization. RESULTS: In the unadjusted analysis each episode of fever between 7 and 12 months of age was associated with a lower odds of allergic sensitization (odds ratio [OR], 0.71; 95% CI, 0.54-0.93) and asthma with allergic sensitization (OR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.21-0.90) at age 6 to 7 years. Likewise, every 1 degrees C increase in the maximum temperature between 7 and 12 months was associated with a lower odds of allergic sensitization (OR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.61-0.96) and asthma with allergic sensitization (OR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.40-0.94). After adjusting for potential confounders, each episode of fever between 7 and 12 months was associated with a lower likelihood of asthma with allergic sensitization (adjusted OR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.11-0.94) at age 6 to 7 years. CONCLUSIONS: Both the timing and intensity of childhood fevers appear to be important factors in the development of allergies and asthma.     

纳米水平分子成像与诊疗一体化研究进展与挑战

分子成像能以非侵入性的方式重现活体细胞的生理功能和生物学过程,提高疾病的早期和特异性诊断水平。纳米颗粒/材料具有物理性质可控性高、易于表面修饰、血液循环时间长和可功能化等优点,在疾病诊断与治疗中显示出巨大潜力。但如何阐明纳米材料多功能间的内在联系、解决其代谢及安全性等关键机制难题、实现纳米颗粒/材料多功能性到临床多功能...