白血病细胞固有活性氧水平与As2O3促凋亡作用的关系

目的探讨白血病细胞株的固有活性氧(ROS)水平与细胞对三氧化二砷(As2O3)促凋亡作用的敏感性之间的关系. 方法用2μmol/L As2O3作用于四种髓系来源的人白血病细胞株(NB4、HL60、K562、U937),证实As2O3促凋亡敏感性在四种细胞之间的差异.然后在不加As2O3情况下,用活性氧捕获剂双氢-乙酰乙酸二氯荧光黄(DCFH-DA)或双氢罗丹明123(DHR)捕获ROS,通过流式细胞仪检测细胞的ROS水平. 结果四种白血病细胞凋亡敏感性与ROS水平存在对应关系,由高到低的顺序为:NB4、HL60、K562、U937. 结论白血病细胞固有的ROS水平与细胞对As2O3诱导凋亡的敏感性有关.     

As2O3诱导NB4细胞凋亡的周期选择性与活性氧水平相关

目的研究三氧化二砷(As2O3)诱导NB4细胞凋亡的周期选择性与细胞活性氧(reactive oxygenspecies,ROS)水平的关系.方法以碘化丙啶(PI)标记DNA,流式细胞仪检测As2O3单独或联用二甲萘醌(DMNQ)作用后细胞周期的变化,以7-氨基放线菌素D(7AAD)标记DNA,双氢罗丹明123(DHR)或双氢-乙酰乙酸二氯荧光黄(DCFH-DA)捕获ROS,流式细胞仪双参数法检测细胞周期不同阶段ROS水平.结果 2μmol/L As2O3可选择性诱导NB4 G2/M期细胞凋亡,DMNQ可增强这一效应;G2/M期细胞ROS水平明显高于G1、S期.结论As2O3诱导NB4 G2/M期细胞凋亡与G2/M期ROS水平较高相关.As2O3诱导NB4细胞凋亡的周期选择性与细胞ROS水平有关.     

As2O3诱导NB4细胞凋亡的周期选择性与活性氧水平相关

目的 研究三氧化二砷（As2O3)诱导NB4细胞凋亡的周期性选择与细胞 活性氧（reactive oxygen species,ROS)水平的关系。方法 以碘化丙啶（PI）标记DNA,流式细胞仪检测As2O3单独或联用二甲萘醌（DMNQ）作用后细胞周期的变化,以7－氨基放线菌素D（7AAD）标记DNA,双氢罗丹明123（DHR）或双氢－乙酰乙酸二氯荧光黄（DCFH－DA）捕获ROS,流式细胞仪双参数法检测细胞周期不同阶段ROS水平。结果 2μmol/L As2O3可选择性诱导NB4 G2／M期细胞凋亡,DMNQ可增强这一效应;G2／M期细胞ROS水平明显高于G1、S期。结论 As2O3诱导NB4 G2／M期细胞凋亡与G2／M期ROS水平较高相关。As2O3诱导NB4细胞凋亡的周期选择性与细胞ROS水平有关。     

全仅式维甲酸(ATRA)和三氧化二砷(As2O3)对APL细胞组织因子表达的影响

目的　探讨全反式维甲酸 (ATRA)和三氧化二砷 (As2 O3)在体内外对急性早幼粒细胞性白血病 (APL)细胞组织因子 (TF)表达的影响。方法　利用复钙时间测定、ELISA和RT PCR等方法 ,分别检测了ATRA和As2 O3 治疗前后APL患者骨髓单个核细胞的促凝活性、TF抗原及其mRNA的转录水平 ,同时还检测了使用ATRA和As2 O3 处理APL细胞株NB4细胞和NB4 R1细胞以及转染PML RARa融合基因的U937细胞的促凝活性、TF抗原及其mRNA的转录水平。结果　ATRA和As2 O3 在体内和体外均可以时间依赖的方式下调NB4细胞的促凝活性、TF抗原水平以及TFmRNA的转录。转染PML RARa融合基因的U937细胞与仅转染逆病毒载体的U937细胞相比 ,其TF表达水平显著升高 ;使用ATRA或As2 O3 分别处理转染PML RARa和转染逆病毒载体的U937细胞 ,其TF抗原水平均显著降低。结论　ATRA和As2 O3均可下调APL细胞TF的表达并降低其PCA ,As2 O3在诱导APL细胞凋亡的同时有可能通过下调APL细胞TF的表达而改善APL患者与DIC相关的出血症状。结果还提示APL细胞染色体易位产生的融合蛋白PML RARa可能对TF的异常表达有一定的影响 ,而ATRA和As2 O3对TF的下调作用可能不依赖于对融合蛋白PML RARa的降解。     

维甲酸联合三氧化二砷对NB4细胞NF-κB、ROS表达的影响

目的探讨全反式维甲酸（ATRA）联合三氧化二砷（As2O3）对NB4细胞的生长以及核因子-kB（NF-kB）、活性氧（ROS）表达的影响。方法选择NB4细胞，加入ATRA和不同剂量的As2O3，观察细胞生长曲线，流式细胞仪检测CD11 b、ROS、NF—kB的变化，DNA片段梯度观察细胞凋亡。结果0．5μmol／L As2O3下调了1μmol／L ATRA诱导的NB4细胞的分化凋亡发生，同时抑制了NF-kB的激活，提高了ROS水平。2μmol／L As2O3联合同浓度ATRA对增殖抑制、诱导凋亡更明显。结论ATRA联合As2O3对NB4细胞具有分化和凋亡的双重效应。     

维甲酸联合三氧化二砷对NB4细胞NF-κB、ROS表达的影响

摘要目的探讨全反式维甲酸(ATRA)联合三氧化二砷(As2O3)对NB4细胞的生长以及核因子-κB(NF-κB)、活性氧(ROS)表达的影响.方法选择NB4细胞,加入ATRA和不同剂量的As2O3,观察细胞生长曲线,流式细胞仪检测CD11 b、ROS、NF-κB的变化,DNA片段梯度观察细胞凋亡.结果 0.5 μmol/L As2O3下调了1 μmol/L ATRA诱导的NB4细胞的分化凋亡发生,同时抑制了NF-κB的激活,提高了ROS水平.2 μmol/L As2O3联合同浓度ATRA对增殖抑制、诱导凋亡更明显.结论 ATRA联合As2O3对NB4细胞具有分化和凋亡的双重效应.     

Apoptosis susceptibility of tumor cells to arsenic trioxide and the inherent cellular level of reactive oxygen species

Objective To explore the association of in herent cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels with susceptibility of the tumor cells to apoptosis induction by arsenic trioxide (As(2)O(3)).Methods Low concentration (2μmol/L) of As(2)O(3) was administered to two cultured leukemic cell lines, NB4 and U937, and two esophageal carcinoma cell lines, EC1 .71 (also named EC/CUHK1) and EC1867, to confirm the difference in apoptosis su sceptibility of NB4 versus U937 and of EC1.71 versus EC1867. Dihydro genrhodamine 123 (DHR123), used as a ROS capture agent, was incubated with cell s in the absence of As(2)O(3). Fluorescence intensity of rhodamine 123, the pro duct of cellular oxidation of DHR123, was detected by flow cytometry and ROS was measured. Results Low concentration of As(2)O(3) induced apoptosis was more likely to occur in NB 4 and EC1.71 cells than in U937 and EC1867 cells, or NB4 was more sensitive tha n U937, and EC1.71 more sensitive than EC1867 to As(2)O(3). The inherent cellu lar ROS level is higher in NB4 than in U937, and also higher in EC1.71 than in EC1867 . Conclusions The difference in cellular ROS level is positively associated with cellular susc eptibility to apoptotis induction by As(2)O(3). The inherent ROS level might be important in defining apoptotic susceptibility to As(2)O(3).     

三氧化二砷通过激活Caspases酶诱导髓性白血病细胞凋亡

目的:明确Caspases酶是否与三氧化二砷(As2O3)诱导的人髓性白血病细胞凋亡有关;明确蛋白激酶C(protein kinase C,PKC)的激活物PMA对As2O3与VP16诱导的细胞凋亡是否有不同的影响.方法:把NB4和HL60细胞株放入有或无Caspases酶抑制剂(Z-VAD.fmk或Y-VAD.Cho)的As2O3中进行培养;凋亡以细胞形态学,DNA梯带和流式细胞分析来评价.多聚的磷酸腺苷聚合酶(poly-ADP-ribose polymerase,PARP)裂解被用作Caspases酶激活的标志.结果:NB4和HL60细胞株在As2O3诱导凋亡的过程中均出现了PARP裂解;Z-VAD.fmk--Caspases酶广谱抑制剂,可以阻断As2O3诱导的细胞凋亡和PARP裂解;但Y-VAD.Cho--Caspases酶的选择性抑制剂,没有此效应;在足以激活PKC的条件下用PMA预培养HL60细胞2～8 h,不论对As2O3还是VP16诱导的凋亡均无明显影响.结论:对于培养的髓性白血病细胞,As2O3诱导细胞凋亡是始自瀑布式激活Caspases酶的远端,通过PARP裂解来实现的.PKC的激活,不论对于As2O3还是VP16诱导的细胞凋亡均无影响.     

活性氧（ROS）在三氧化二砷诱导人肝癌细胞株HepG2凋亡中的作用

目的：利用Mn（Ⅲ）TBAP能特异性清除细胞内活性氧（reactiveoxygenspecies,ROS）,观察不同浓度三氧化二砷（As2O3）单独和联合Mn（Ⅲ）TBAP作用于人肝癌HepG2细胞后细胞内活性氧（ROS）的变化和对凋亡的影响,探讨活性氧（ROS）在三氧化二砷（As2O3）诱导肝癌细胞株HepG2凋亡中的作用。方法：实验分3组：对照组,不同浓度三氧化二砷（As2O3）组,三氧化二砷（As2O3）＋Mn（Ⅲ）TBAP组。用四甲基偶氮唑盐（MTr）比色法测定细胞生长增殖活性;激光共聚焦显微镜荧光染色法检测细胞内ROS的变化;AnnexinV／PI双染色法流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡。结果：2、4、8μol／L三氧化二砷（As2O3）处理HepG2细胞后各组细胞增殖抑制率高于对照组（P〈0．05）,细胞增殖抑制率随As2O3浓度的增加及作用时间的延长而升高（P〈0．05）;HepG2细胞内ROS的水平随As2O3浓度的增加而升高（P〈0．05）,As2O3处理组HepG2细胞内ROS水平高于空白对照组（P〈0．05）,As2O3＋Mn（Ⅲ）TBAP组HepG2细胞内ROS的水平低于As2O3组（P〈0．05）,但高于对照组（P〈0．05）。细胞早期凋亡率随As2O3浓度的增加及作用时间的延长而升高（P〈0．05）,且均高于Mn（Ⅲ）TBAP＋As2O3组和对照组,Mn（Ⅲ）TBAP＋As2O3组高于对照组。结论：三氧化二砷作用于HepG2细胞促进了细胞内ROS的产生,ROS水平的提高增加了三氧化二砷促HepG2细胞凋亡的敏感性。     

三氧化二砷和维生素C联合诱导喉癌细胞株Hep-2凋亡的作用

目的探讨VitC与三氧化二砷(As2O3)促喉癌细胞株Hep-2凋亡的协同效应。方法体外培养人喉癌细胞株Hep-2,以As2O3合用VitC孵育细胞,采用四甲基偶氮唑(MTT)法,Annexin-V/PI双染色流式细胞术来观察各组的细胞凋亡情况,并通过流式软件分析细胞周期变化。结果As2O3与VitC联用能显著降低单用As2O3的细胞存活率和升高细胞凋亡率(P<0.05),VitC能显著增强As2O3诱导细胞集中于G2/M期的作用,从而增强其促细胞凋亡作用。结论联用VitC能增强As2O3诱导细胞凋亡的作用,增强作用可能与影响细胞周期有关。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.