BODE指数预测慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性发作的意义

目的探讨BODE指数对慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）急性加重的预测价值。方法选取2006年～2007年确诊为COPD的患者168例，分别测定BODE指数。依据指数分为4组：0～2分为A组，3～4分为B组，5～6分为C组，7～10分为D组。进行为期3年的随访，记录急性加重发病的次数及时间。结果Kaplan—Meier法分析表明BODE指数能较好的预测4组COPD患者急性发作的不同趋势（P〈0．05）；ROC曲线表明BODE指数是优于FEV1的预测指标（P〈0．05）。结论BODE指数是预测COPD患者急性发作的较好指标之一。     

Effects of interval-load versus constant-load training on the BODE index in COPD patients

The BODE index is frequently used to assess functional capacity in patients with COPD. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of interval-load training (ILT) to improve the BODE index in comparison to the commonly implemented constant-load training (CLT).Forty-two patients with COPD [FEV₁: (mean ± SEM) 42 ± 3% predicted] were randomly allocated to either ILT (n = 21) or CLT (n = 21). The training program consisted of cycling exercise 3 days/week for 10 weeks. Patients assigned to ILT exercised at a mean intensity of 126 ± 4% of baseline peak work rate (Wpeak) with 30-s work periods alternated with 30-s rest periods for 45 min per day, whereas patients allocated to CLT exercised at a mean intensity of 76 ± 5% of baseline Wpeak for 30 min per day. The BODE index and its components: body mass index, FEV₁, MMRC dyspnea score and the 6-min walk test (6-MWT) as well as cycling Wpeak were assessed before and after both exercise training regimes.Both ILT and CLT significantly (p < 0.001) decreased the BODE index (from 4.8 ± 0.5 to 4.0 ± 0.5 units and from 4.4 ± 0.5 to 3.8 ± 0.5 units, respectively). In addition, both ILT and CLT significantly decreased the MMRC dyspnea score by 0.4 ± 0.1 units and increased the 6-MWT (by 52 ± 16 and 44 ± 12 m, respectively) as well as cycling Wpeak (by 14 ± 2 and 10 ± 2 W, respectively). The magnitude of these changes was not significantly different between ILT and CLT. Consequently, ILT is equally effective to CLT in terms of improving the BODE index in patients with COPD and as such it may constitute an alternative rehabilitative modality in COPD.     

BODE指数在判断慢性阻塞性肺病患者预后中的作用

目的 探讨BODE指数(B为体重指数,O为气流阻塞,D为呼吸困难,E为运动能力)与慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)患者预后的关系.方法 判定60例COPD稳定期患者的BODE指数.连续随访12个月,统计并记录病人的健康和生活情况.结果 高BODE指数的COPD患者其死亡率亦高.BODE指数与圣乔治呼吸问卷(SGRQ)评分和病人就诊次数显著相关.结论 BODE指数是一简单易行的COPD评估工具,与病人的预后及健康状况密切相关.     

合并抑郁症状的 COPD 患者与其 BODE指数及生活质量的相关性分析

目的：通过应用流行病学研究中心抑郁自评量表（center for epidemiologic studies depression ,CES‐D）量表调查COPD患者合并抑郁症状的情况,探讨合并抑郁症状的COPD患者与其BODE （body mass index ,degree of air‐flow obstruction ,dyspnea ,exercise capacity）指数及生活质量的相关性。方法74例稳定期COPD患者分别完成CES‐D评估、肺功能检测、BMI检测、改良版M RC呼吸困难指数评估、6分钟步行试验和圣乔治呼吸问卷调查等。结果 C O PD患者中合并抑郁症状的占48.6％（n＝36）。CES‐D评分与FEV1％ pred呈低度负相关（r＝－0.21,P＝0.01）。COPD患者中抑郁症状的患病率与BODE指数分级呈正相关（r＝0.61,P＝0.02）。圣乔治呼吸问卷评分与COPD患者的抑郁症状有相关性（r＝0.58,P＝0.004）。结论 COPD患者中抑郁症状的患病率及抑郁程度与BODE指数、呼吸功能受损程度等均相关。COPD患者的抑郁程度与圣乔治呼吸问卷评分相关。BODE指数对减少COPD患者合并抑郁症状的患病率和改善其生活质量有指导作用。     

肺康复治疗方案对急性期中重度COPD患者BODE指数的影响

目的 评估肺康复治疗方案对急性期中重度COPD患者BODE指数的影响.方法 将在我院接受治疗的102例急性期中重度COPD患者,随机分为对照组和观察1组、观察2组,对照组接受常规治疗,观察1组在常规治疗的基础上给予患者有氧呼吸的训练,1次/d,20 min/次;观察2组在观察1组治疗的基础上进行上下肢训练,1次/d,20 min/次.5个疗程治疗结束后,测定3组患者在治疗后6分钟步行距离(6MWD)、FEV1％pred、体质量指数(BMI)、呼吸困难指数(MMRC),计算BODE指数.结果 3组中度患者中观察1组、观察2组的6MWD差值分别为(30.1±5.0)m、(63.9±11.1)m,与对照组(10.1±1.1)m比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);观察1组、观察2组的FEV1％pred差值分别为7.9±3.0,11.6±1.5,与对照组2.4±0.5比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);观察2组BMI差值为4.3±0.5,与对照组0.6±1.6比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);观察1组和观察2组BODE指数差值依次为0.8±0.2,1.2±0.4,与对照组0.3±0.1比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);3组重度患者中观察1组、观察2组的6MWD差值分别为(55.1±30.1)m,(87.0±22.6)m,与对照组(8.6±3.6)m比较差异有统计学意义(P ＜0.05);观察1组、观察2组的FEV1％ pred差值分别为7.6±1.2,10.9±1.0,与对照组1.9±1.1比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);观察1组、观察2组BMI差值为2.9±1.2,5.3±1.4,与对照组1.0±0.6比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);观察2组MMRC差值为1.5±0.3,与对照组0.3±0.1比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);观察1组和观察2组BODE指数差值依次为0.9±0.1,1.4±0.6,与对照组0.4±0.1比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);3组极重度患者中观察1组6MWD差值为(42.2±4.4)m,与对照组(3.0±1.6)m比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);观察1组BMI差值为2.6±2.1,与对照组0.7±0.8比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);观察1组MMRC差值为1.1±0.2,与对照组0.3±0.1比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);观察1组BODE指数差值为1.3±1.0,与对照组0.3±0.5比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 对不同病变程度的COPD患者采用合理的最佳治疗方案,能有效改善患者的生活质量,对患者的积极康复有重要意义.     

Evaluation of Left Ventricular Function and its Relationship With Multidimensional Grading System (BODE Index) in Patients With COPD

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients however data regarding left ventricle (LV) function in COPD is limited. We, in this study, aimed to evaluate the LV systolic function and its relation to BODE index in COPD patients with the utility of two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2D-STE). The study involved 125 COPD patients and 30 control subjects. All patients underwent 2D-echocardiography, pulmonary function tests and -minute walk tests. The patients were divided into four quartiles according to BODE index score. COPD patients had lower mitral annulus systolic velocity (Sm), average global longitudinal strain (GLS), average global longitudinal strain rate systolic (GLSRs), average GLSR early diastolic (GLSRe), average GLSR late diastolic (GLSRa), tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) and peak systolic myocardial velocity (Sm-RV) (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001 and p = 0.002 respectively) than control subjects. There were significant differences between BODE index quartiles in terms of Sm, average GLS and average GLSRs. Patients were divided into two groups according to median value of GLS (> –18.6 and ≤ –18.6). BODE index quartiles were found to be independent predictors of decreased GLS in multivariate logistic regression analysis (p = 0.030). Increased BODE index was associated with impaired LV mechanics in patients with COPD.     

BODE指数在慢性阻塞性肺疾病中的应用

介绍BODE指数的形成与完善过程及其临床应用,着重介绍BODE指数在慢性阻塞性肺疾病领域的应用,如监测疾病进展、判断疾病预后、评价生活质量、评估心理健康和评价干预效果等,为评估疾病进展、判断预后和评价干预效果提供依据.     

BODE指数在慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者中的应用

BODE指数是一种较单一指标在评估慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)患者预后方面更加有效的复合评分系统.BODE指数包括体质量指数、肺功能、呼吸困难和运动能力4个方面.由于其良好的评估作用,目前已被用于在COPD患者中预测生存率.预测肺减容术后的生存率,作为运动耐量标准.预测住院率、生活质量,评估病情、疗效等等.     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者血清C-反应蛋白与BODE指数相关研究

目的探讨稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）患者血清C-反应蛋白（CRP）与BODE指数的关系。方法测定稳定期COPD患者（40例）的肺功能、6分钟步行距离,评估呼吸困难程度,计算体质指数,按BODE指数评分标准进行评分。同时选择40例健康者作为对照组。用免疫散射比浊法测定COPD患者和健康者血清CRP。分析COPD患者血清CRP与BODE指数的相关性。结果稳定期COPD患者血清CRP水平[4．45（2．33～7．56）mg／L]高于对照组[2．65（2．05～3．22）mg/L],（P=0．000）。lgCRP与BODE指数评分、呼吸困难程度呈正相关（r值分别为0．596、0．516,P均〈0．01）,与第1秒用力呼气容量占预计值百分比、6分钟步行距离呈负相关（r值分别为-0．495、-0．455,P均〈0．01）,与体质指数不相关（r值为0．19,P〉0．05）。多元线性回归显示,BODE指数评分是血清CRP最佳预测因素（标准化相关系数为0．596,P〈0．01）。结论血清CRP在稳定期COPD患者中增高,可在一定程度上反映COPD的全身炎症程度,并且与临床症状、生理变化、运动能力相关,可作为预测稳定期COPD患者病情及预后的有效指标。     

Gender differences in the association between C-reactive protein, lung function impairment, and COPD

Individuals with COPD have systemic inflammation that can be assessed by measuring C-reactive protein (CRP). In this paper we evaluated whether CRP is related to COPD, lung function and rate of lung function decline.We included 1237 randomly selected subjects (mean age 42, range 28–56 years) from three centers in the European Community Respiratory Health Survey: Reykjavik, Uppsala and Tartu. CRP was measured at the end of the follow-up (mean 8.3 years) and the values were divided into 4 quartiles.Fifty-three non-asthmatic subjects fulfilled spirometric criteria for COPD (FEV₁/FVC < 70%). COPD occurred more often in the 4th CRP quartile (OR (95% CI) 3.21 (1.13–9.08)) after adjustment for age, gender, body weight and smoking. High CRP levels were related to lower FEV₁ values in both men (−437 (−596, −279) mL) and women (−144 (−243, −44) mL). The negative association between CRP and FEV₁ was significantly larger in men than women (p = 0.04). The decline in FEV₁ was larger (16 (5, 27) mL) in men with high CRP levels whereas no significant association between CRP and FEV₁ decline was found in women.Higher CRP values are significantly associated with COPD and lower lung function in men and women. In men higher CRP values are related to a larger decline in FEV₁.     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者抑郁和焦虑症状与BODE指数关系的相关性分析

目的 探讨急性加重期及稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）患者的抑郁和焦虑症状与患者BODE指数的相关性,指导临床工作中及时判定COPD患者是否存在抑郁和焦虑症状.方法 采取随机对照研究,选用我院2012年1月到2013年6月就诊的急性加重期及稳定期COPD患者94例,采用量表分析等方法观察其焦虑抑郁评分及BODE指数.结果 两组患者BODE指数、焦虑评分、抑郁评分及氧分压有显著性差异,两组患者Hamilton焦虑量表（HAMA）评分均大于7分,Hamilton抑郁量表（HAMD）评分均大于8分.HAMA、HAMD评分与BODE指数呈线性关系：随着BODE指数增加,HAMA评分（R2为0.575）、HAMD评分（R2为0.503）亦随之增加.BODE评分分为Ⅰ～Ⅳ级后,Ⅰ、Ⅱ级患者无焦虑,Ⅲ、Ⅳ级有焦虑存在;抑郁BODE分级各级均存在.除Ⅰ、Ⅱ级外,随着BODE分级的增高,焦虑抑郁评分越高.结论 通过临床易于操作的量表分析COPD患者情绪状态变化特点,可以指导临床医师尽早认识并处理患者的异常情绪状态,并对其焦虑抑郁程度作出正确的判定.     

Gender differences in the management and experience of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Whether women receive the same medical care for COPD as men and if they are at risk of different outcomes as a result, is not known. The Confronting COPD International Survey was performed in the USA, Canada, France, Italy, Germany, The Netherlands, Spain and the UK in 2000 with 3265 COPD participants. Forty-one per cent were women; mean age in women and men was 61.2 (SD 10.5) and 64.4 (11.0) years, mean pack-years of smoking 36 (29) and 46 (35) years, respectively. After adjusting for age, pack-years, country and severe dyspnea (MRC scores 5 and 4), women were less likely to have had spirometry (OR 0.84, 95% C.I. 0.72-0.98) but more likely to get smoking cessation advice (OR 1.57, 1.33-1.86). Despite significantly lower pack-years of smoking, women were more likely to report severe dyspnea than men (OR 1.30, 1.10-1.54), with similar cough (OR 1.08, 0.92-1.27) and less sputum (OR 0.84, 0.72-0.98). There were no differences in the risk of hospitalisation or emergency room visit. This study indicates that gender differences in COPD care and outcomes exist.     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者BODE指数与焦虑抑郁症状的相关性研究

目的探讨慢性阻塞性肺病(慢阻肺)患者的BODE指数与焦虑抑郁症状的相关关系,为今后慢阻肺患者的负性情绪干预提供依据。方法选取2011年1月至2014年1月间于我院接受治疗的慢阻肺患者186例作为研究对象,收集患者的一般性资料,并同时测量每位患者6分钟步行距离(6MWD);采用英国医学研究委员会呼吸困难量表(MRC dyspned scale)记录气促分级并评分;测量肺功能;测量患者的身高、体重,进而进行BODE多维分级系统评分,之后再采用Hamilton抑郁量表(HAMD)以及焦虑量表(HAMA)测量患者的焦虑抑郁情绪,分析相关性。结果 Hamilton抑郁量表(HAMD)以及焦虑量表(HAMA)测量结果显示186例慢阻肺患者中有77例出现焦虑情绪,而有86例出现抑郁情绪,单因素分析显示,BODE总分、呼吸困难指数、6MWD均是导致患者出现负性情绪的危险因素,其与焦虑的相关系数分别为0.51、0.55、-0.48,而与抑郁的相关系数分别为0.53、0.55、-0.51。结论慢阻肺患者存在明显的焦虑、抑郁负性情绪,在临床干预中,BODE指数总分及其分项的6MWD、呼吸困难指数均可以作为判断慢阻肺患者焦虑抑郁的重要指标,对患者的情绪干预提供有效参考。     

Heart Rate Variability and Disease Characteristics in Patients with COPD

Heart rate variability (HRV) is reduced in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, the relationships among HRV and characteristics of COPD are unknown. The aim of this study was to characterize HRV in patients with COPD and to verify the correlation of HRV measured during rest with disease severity and pulmonary, muscular, and functional impairment. Thirty-one patients with COPD (16 male; 66 +/- 8 years; BMI = 24 +/- 6 kg/m(2); FEV(1) = 46 +/- 16% predicted) without severe cardiac dysfunction were included. HRV assessment was performed by the head-up tilt test (HUTT), and the main variables used for analysis were SDNN index, LF/HF ratio, and R-R intervals. Other tests included spirometry, bioelectrical impedance, cardiopulmonary exercise test, 6-minute walk test, respiratory and peripheral muscle force, health-related quality of life and functional status questionnaires, and objective quantification of physical activity level in daily life with the DynaPort and SenseWear armband activity monitors, besides calculation of the BODE index. There was a statistical difference in all variables of HRV between the HUTT positions (lying and standing). There was no correlation of HRV with BODE index or FEV(1). Out of the BODE index, just the BMI was correlated with SDNN and R-R intervals (r = 0.44; p < 0.05 and r = 0.37; p < 0.05, respectively). There was correlation between HRV reduction and a lower level of physical activity in daily life, besides worse health-related quality of life, functional status, and respiratory and peripheral muscle force. Cardiac autonomic function of patients with COPD is not related to disease severity but mainly to the level of physical activity in daily life.     

Correlation between serum biomarkers and BODE index in patients with stable COPD

Background and objective: The BODE index, based on BMI, obstructive ventilatory impairment, dyspnoea scale and exercise capacity, has been used to evaluate the severity of patients with COPD. However, the correlations between serum biomarkers and the BODE index in patients with stable COPD are not widely studied. This study evaluated potential serum biomarkers for their ability to identify smokers with COPD and reflect disease severity. Methods: A comparative study was conducted of 100 clinically stable COPD patients and 50 matched healthy smokers and the difference in levels of biomarkers between the COPD patients and healthy smokers was measured. Serum inflammatory mediators measured were growth‐related oncogene‐α (GRO‐α), IL‐8, tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), matrix metalloproteinase‐9 (MMP‐9) and monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1). Variables included age, pack‐years, current or ex‐smoker status, inhaler or oral steroid use and BODE index components, including airflow obstruction, the distance walked in 6MWD, modified Medical Research Council (MMRC) dyspnoea scale and BMI. The association between serum biomarkers and the components of the BODE index was assessed in the COPD patients. Results: The level of serum MCP‐1 was significantly different between the COPD group and the healthy smoker group (P = 0.003). Significant results in univariate and multivariate analysis of the association between biomarkers and BODE components were: serum MCP‐1 correlated with FEV₁% and 6MWD; serum IL‐8 and GRO‐α correlated with steroid use; serum TNF‐α correlated with steroid use and FEV₁%; and serum MMP‐9 correlated with MMRC dyspnoea scale. Conclusions: No single specific serum inflammatory mediator was completely correlated with BODE variable parameters in patients with stable COPD. Serum MCP‐1 may be an important biomarker for identifying COPD subjects from healthy smokers and classifying COPD severity.