VCAM-1, but not ICAM-1 or MAdCAM-1, immunoblockade ameliorates DSS-induced colitis in mice

Adhesion molecule immunoneutralization is envisioned as a promising therapy for inflammatory bowel disease, but the relative value of selective blockade of different adhesion molecules has not been established. The aims of this study were to measure expression and functional relevance of endothelial intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), and mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule 1 (MAdCAM-1) in leukocyte recruitment in experimental colitis and to compare the therapeutic effectiveness of their selective blockade. For this purpose, cell adhesion molecule expression was measured by the dual radiolabeled antibody technique in mice with dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis and controls. Leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions were determined in colonic venules by fluorescence intravital microscopy. Therapeutic effects of chronic treatment with anti-ICAM-1, anti-VCAM-1, or anti-MAdCAM-1 antibodies were also assessed. Whereas colonic endothelial ICAM-1 was constitutively expressed and had a mild up-regulation in colitic animals, constitutive expression of VCAM-1 and MAdCAM-1 was low, but markedly increased after induction of colitis. Leukocyte adhesion was abrogated by immunoneutralization of VCAM-1 or MAdCAM-1 but not by treatment with an anti-ICAM-1 antibody. Chronic administration of anti-VCAM-1 antibody, but not anti-ICAM-1 or anti-MAdCAM-1, resulted in significant attenuation of colitis in terms of disease activity index, colon length, ratio of colon weight to length, and myeloperoxidase activity. In conclusion, VCAM-1 plays a central role in leukocyte recruitment in colitis and blockade of this adhesion molecule has higher therapeutic effect than immunoneutralization of ICAM-1 or MAdCAM-1 in this experimental model.     

TNFa-Induced Expression of Endothelial Adhesion Molecules, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1, is Linked to Protein Kinase C Activation

The role of protein kinase C (PKC) in TNFα-induced activation of endothelial adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 was analysed. Phorbol myristate acetate, which is known to activate PKC, was able lo mimic TNFα-induced up-regulation of ICAM-1 and partly also VCAM-1 expression. Similarly a PKC inhibitor, H7, but not another kinase inhibitor. HA1004, inhibited TNFα-induced enhancement of ICAM-1 expression at both the mRNA and the protein level. Moreover we were able to measure a transient PKC activation peak at 16 min after TNFα induction in endothelial cells analysed by phorbol-dibutyrate binding. These results indicate that the TNFα-induced effect on the regulation of endothelial adhesion molecule expression is at least partly mediated by PKC activation.     

Role of Tyrosine Kinase Enzymes in TNF-α and IL-1 Induced Expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 on Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells

The aim of this study was to analyse the potential roles of protein kinase enzymes in tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 (IL-1) induced expression of the adhesion molecules intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). The authors observed a marked increase in ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression on HUVEC stimulated for 24 h by TNF-α (10 ng/ml) or IL-1 (20 ng/ml). Pre-treatment of HUVEC for 30 min with protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) inhibitors genistein and herbimycin A (10 μg/ml and 0.5 μg/ml, respectively) before stimulation with IL-1 did not affect the expression of these molecules. Similar results were observed with respect to VCAM-1 expression on HUVEC stimulated by TNF-α. In contrast, pre-incubation of HUVEC with PTK inhibitors prior to the addition of TNF-α significantly enhanced subsequent expression of ICAM-1, although spontaneous expression of ICAM-1 on unstimulated HUVEC was unaffected. Western blot analysis demonstrated a significant increase in phosphorylated tyrosine protein levels in HUVEC stimulated by TNF-α , and significantly lower levels of these proteins in TNF-α stimulated HUVEC pre-treated with PTK inhibitors. These results demonstrate that IL-1 induced ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression does not result from activation of PTK-dependent pathways. In the case of TNF-α induced responses, the selective co-stimulatory effect of this cytokine in combination with PTK inhibitors on ICAM-1 expression suggests a complicated intracellular pathway of TNF-α induced ICAM-1 expression, possibly involving down-modulation of increases in ICAM-1 by PTK enzymes.     

LPS诱导肺微血管内皮细胞ICAM-1的表达及NF-κB作用的实验研究

目的研究LPS诱导的肺微血管内皮细胞 (PWVEC)ICAM -1的表达及调控机制。方法100ng/mlLPS刺激PMVEC0h、2h、4h、6h、8h或10ng/ml、50ng/ml、100ng/mlLPS刺激6h ,免疫细胞化学检测PMVECICAM -1的表达。凝胶电泳迁移率变化分析检测NF -κB的活化。并通过加入活化阻断剂PDTC观察对PMVECICAM -1表达的影响。结果PMVECICAM -1的表达与LPS的刺激呈时相 -剂量依赖方式。LPS的刺激迅速活化NF -κB ,60min达到高峰 ,后逐渐下降。PDTC能显著降低ICAM -1的表达 (P<0 .01)。结论LPS刺激诱导NF-κB的活化 ,启动ICAM -1的合成表达。     

LPS诱导肺微血管内皮细胞ICAM-1的表达及 NF-κ B作用的实验研究

目的研究 LPS诱导的肺微血管内皮细胞( PWVEC) ICAM- 1的表达及调控机制.方法 100ng/ml LPS刺激 PMVEC 0h、2h、4h、6h、8h或 10ng/ml、50ng/ml、100ng/ml LPS刺激 6h,免疫细胞化学检测 PMVEC ICAM- 1的表达.凝胶电泳迁移率变化分析检测 NF- κ B的活化.并通过加入活化阻断剂 PDTC观察对 PMVEC ICAM- 1表达的影响.结果 PMVEC ICAM- 1的表达与 LPS的刺激呈时相 - 剂量依赖方式.LPS的刺激迅速活化 NF- κ B,60min达到高峰,后逐渐下降.PDTC能显著降低 ICAM- 1的表达( P<0. 01).结论 LPS刺激诱导 NF- κ B的活化,启动 ICAM- 1的合成表达.     

ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and MAdCAM-1 are expressed on choroid plexus epithelium but not endothelium and mediate binding of lymphocytes in vitro.

The expression of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) in the choroid plexus was studied in normal brain and during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in the SJL/J mouse during inflammation induced by intracerebral injection of killed Corynebacterium parvum in the C3H/He mouse. Both ICAM-1 and VCAM-1, but not MAdCAM-1, were constitutively expressed on choroid plexus epithelium but not on the fenestrated capillary endothelial cells within the choroid plexus. During EAE, we observed an up-regulation of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 and de novo expression of MAdCAM-1 on choroid plexus epithelial cells. In contrast, endothelial cells in the choroid plexus were not induced to express any of the investigated CAMs. In in situ hybridization analysis we demonstrated that ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and MAdCAM-1 were locally synthesized and that the amount of their mRNAs increased in the inflamed choroid plexus. In vitro, primary choroid plexus epithelial cells could be induced to express ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and MAdCAM-1 on their surface after treatment with proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1, interferon-gamma, and lipopolysaccharide. To investigate the functional status of the expressed CAMs we performed Stamper-Woodruff binding assays on frozen sections of inflamed and naive brains. ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and MAdCAM-1 expressed in choroid plexus epithelial cells mediated binding of lymphocytes via their known ligands LFA-1 and alpha4-integrin, respectively. The expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and MAdCAM-1 on choroid plexus epithelial cells together with the lack of their expression on the fenestrated choroid plexus endothelium raises the possibility that the epithelial blood-cerebrospinal-fluid barrier plays an important role in the immunosurveillance of the central nervous system.     

替格瑞洛对oxLDL诱导的人脐静脉内皮细胞ICAM-1表达的影响

目的 探究不同浓度的替格瑞洛对氧化型低密度脂蛋白诱导的人脐静脉内皮细胞在蛋白及RNA水平表达细胞间黏附分子-1的影响。方法 离体培养人脐静脉内皮细胞,平均接种于6孔培养板,待细胞生长至融合状态时取三孔加入ox-LDL（50 μg/ml）,再分别加入不同浓度的替格瑞洛（0、20、40 μmol/L）。刺激干预24 h后采用Western Blot法测定ICAM-1的蛋白表达水平。重复实验,采用Real-time PCR法测定ICAM-1的RNA表达水平。结果 ①oxLDL能明显上调ICAM-1的表达;②Western Blot蛋白定量结果显示,oxLDL诱导组ICAM-1的蛋白表达明显高于对应的非诱导组（P＜0.05）;未予替格瑞洛干预组ICAM-1的蛋白表达高于替格瑞洛低浓度组（P＜0.05）;替格瑞洛低浓度组ICAM-1的蛋白表达高于替格瑞洛高浓度组（P＜0.05）;③Real-time PCR结果与Western Blot蛋白定量结果一致。结论 oxLDL能在RNA水平提高ICAM-1表达,替格瑞洛能在RNA水平抑制ICAM-1的表达,并与浓度正相关。     

哮喘大鼠血清刺激下内皮细胞表面粘附分子ICAM—1的表达

近十五年人们才发现炎症是哮喘发病的病理基础,它以白细胞浸润为主要特征,过程由白细胞与内皮细胞表面粘附分子介导,ICAM－1就是其中之一,我们在前期活体动物实验中证实了哮喘动物肺组织中内皮细胞一白细胞粘附现象显著,并且肺组织ICAM－1高表达,这有可能是发病过程中ICAM－1大量表达于内皮细胞表面,导致内皮细胞一白细胞粘附增加的结果。本实验采用肺组织机械分离法体外培养大鼠肺内皮细胞,将哮喘病理血清与内皮细胞共同孵育,用于细胞粘附的体外研究,借助间接免疫荧光标记技术及流式细胞分离法,我们首先研究了受哮喘病理血清刺激后肺微血管内皮细胞表面ICAM－1表达的情况,结果发现,血清孵育的内皮细胞ICAM－1表达比用DMEM培养基培养的内皮细胞表达量高;哮喘血清刺激4h后ICAM－1表达量达到峰值,长于4h则很快降低;正常血清或培养基处理的内皮细胞表达持续在一个低水平。     

Expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, E-selectin and TNF-alpha on the endothelium of femoral and iliac arteries in thromboangiitis obliterans

Immunohistochemical light and electron microscopical analysis of surgical biopsies obtained from femoral and iliac arteries of patients with thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO) were performed to investigate the presence of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and expression of the endothelial cell adhesion molecules intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and E-selectin. Expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and E-selectin was increased on endothelium and some inflammatory cells in the thickened intima in all TAO patients. Ultrastructural immunohistochemistry revealed contacts between mononuclear blood cells and ICAM-1-, and E-selectin-positive endothelial cells. These endothelial cells showed morphological signs of activation. The present data indicate that endothelial cells are activated in TAO and that vascular lesions are associated with TNF-alpha secretion by tissue-infiltrating inflammatory cells, ICAM-1-, VCAM-1- and E-selectin expression on endothelial cells and leukocyte adhesion via their ligands. The preferential expression of inducible adhesion molecules in microvessels and mononuclear inflammatory cells suggests that angiogenesis contributes to the persistence of the inflammatory process in TAO.     

Expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) on thyroid epithelial cells in Hashimoto's thyroiditis but not in Graves' disease or papillary thyroid cancer.

In order to study the possible role of antigen-independent adhesion systems in thyroid autoimmunity, we evaluated by indirect immunofluorescence the expression of lymphocyte functional antigen-1 (LFA-1) and its ligand ICAM-1 on mononuclear cell infiltrates (when present) and thyroid follicular cells of four patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis, 30 with Graves' disease, five with papillary cancer, two with follicular adenoma, and two normal thyroid specimens. The expression of MHC class I and class II antigens was also evaluated. Most mononuclear infiltrates were LFA-1 positive, as expected. A positivity for ICAM-1 on follicular cells was observed in three out of four Hashimoto's thyroiditis specimens; such a phenomenon was totally absent in Graves' disease or any other pathological condition, or in normal tissue. MHC class II expression on thyrocytes was observed in all the patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis, in 27 out of 30 with Graves' disease and in three out of five papillary cancer specimens.     

Apigenin Inhibits the Expression of IL-6, IL-8, and ICAM-1 in DEHP-Stimulated Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells and In Vivo

Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in house dust is associated with asthma and allergic inflammatory symptoms in children. This study aimed to examine an inhibitory effect of a flavonoid apigenin on DEHP-stimulated inflammatory responses in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). We found that apigenin significantly suppressed DEHP-stimulated expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) at the mRNA and protein levels and subsequently inhibited the adhesion of THP-1 monocytic cells to HUVECs. Treatment with apigenin also led to a dose-dependent inhibition of mRNA and protein expression of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 in DEHP-stimulated HUVECs. Moreover, pretreatment with apigenin partially inhibited the DEHP-induced activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) but not the degradation of IκBα or the phosphorylation of extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2, indicating that the inhibitory effect of apigenin on the expression of IL-6, IL-8, and ICAM-1 may be mediated by JNK pathway but not IκBα/nuclear factor-κB or ERK/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. Furthermore, apigenin reduced the release of IL-6, IL-8, and ICAM-1 and inhibited compound 48/80-induced systemic anaphylaxis in vivo. These results suggest that apigenin can be used as a therapeutic means for the treatment of DEHP-associated allergic disorders.     

脑血管内皮细胞ICAM-1的表达对T淋巴细胞与内皮细胞粘附的影响

为研究血脑屏障内皮细胞ICAM 1的表达对T淋巴细胞与内皮细胞粘附的影响 ,本实验采用液氮冷冻Wistar大鼠脑组织制成血管源性脑水肿模型 ,将脑组织制成冰冻切片 ,与大鼠T淋巴细胞悬液共温后 ,常规HE染色和显微镜观察 ,求出T淋巴细胞与脑血管壁的特异性粘附率。结果发现事先未滴加抗ICAM 1单抗组 ,T淋巴细胞的特异性粘附率 (均值 :6 2 % )较高 ,而事先滴加抗ICAM 1单抗组 ,T淋巴细胞的特异性粘附率 (均值 :30 % )明显下降 (P <0 0 0 0 1) ,但并未被完全抑制 ,说明ICAM 1是介导T淋巴细胞粘附的重要的粘附分子之一。     

Topical Corticosteroids Do Not Revert the Activated Phenotype of Eosinophils in Eosinophilic Esophagitis but Decrease Surface Levels of CD18 Resulting in Diminished Adherence to ICAM-1, ICAM-2, and Endothelial Cells

Swallowed topical corticosteroids are the standard therapy for eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) in adults. Eosinophils in the blood of untreated EoE patients have an activated phenotype. Our aim was to determine if corticosteroids restore the phenotype of eosinophils to a healthy phenotype and if certain cell-surface molecules on blood eosinophils correlate with eosinophilic infiltration of the esophagus. Levels of eight surface markers on eosinophils from treated and untreated EoE patients were determined by flow cytometry and analyzed using multivariate methods of pattern recognition. Corticosteroid-treated EoE patients’ eosinophils had decreased levels of CD18 compared to both untreated patients and healthy controls, but maintained their activated phenotype. CD18 expression correlated positively with eosinophil numbers in the esophagus and promoted the adherence of eosinophils to ICAM-1, ICAM-2, and to endothelial cells. The diminished expression of CD18 may be one mechanism behind the reduced entry of eosinophils into the esophagus in corticosteroid-treated EoE patients.     

Expression patterns of leukocyte adhesion ligand molecules on human liver endothelia. Lack of ELAM-1 and CD62 inducibility on sinusoidal endothelia and distinct distribution of VCAM-1, ICAM-1, ICAM-2, and LFA-3.

Vascular expressed adhesion molecules mediate leukocyte reactivity and activation by receptor-ligand binding. A number of different ligand molecules have been identified to mediate the interaction between endothelial cells and leukocyte subpopulations. In this study, the tissue expression of ELAM-1, CD62 (PADGEM, GMP-140), VACM-1 (INCAM-110), ICAM-2, ICAM-1, and LFA-3 was analyzed on various liver endothelial cell types by immunohistology. The results reveal a differential expression of these molecules in normal liver and inflammation or rejection after liver transplantation. The selectins ELAM-1 and CD62 are basally expressed and inducible on portal tract endothelia (arterial and venous) and central vein endothelia with acute and chronic liver inflammation. Sinusoidal endothelia, however, lack this mechanism, even with severe inflammation, as in cases of irreversible rejection and sepsis. Portal and sinusoidal endothelia show a different expression and inducibility of VCAM-1, ICAM-1, ICAM-2, and LFA-3. The differences in expression of adhesion molecules on liver endothelial cell types may reflect their ability to regulate leukocyte trafficking and activation by means of the expression of specific ligand molecules. The inability of sinusoidal endothelia to express selectins may have implications for the pathophysiology of liver graft infiltration.     

Expression of BUB1 protein in gastric cancer correlates with the histological subtype, but not with DNA ploidy or microsatellite instability

During mitosis, the spindle checkpoint delays the onset of anaphase until all chromosomes have attached properly to the mitotic spindle, preventing chromosome missegregation. BUB (budding uninhibited by benzimidazole) 1 is one of the key components of this checkpoint. BUB1 mutations are rare in cancer tissues and no mutations have been identified in gastric cancer. In mice, immunodepletion of BUB1 abolished the spindle checkpoint. Thus, aberrant expression of BUB1 protein could impair mitotic checkpoint function, resulting in aneuploidy, a common phenomenon in gastric cancer. In the present study, an antibody was generated against BUB1 and its expression was studied in gastric cancer tissue sections (n = 80) by immunohistochemistry. Nuclear BUB1 expression was found in all gastric cancer cases. The proportion of tumour cells expressing BUB1 was significantly greater in diffuse-type than in intestinal-type gastric carcinoma (p < 0.001). No correlation was found between BUB1 expression and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) ploidy, microsatellite instability or any other histopathological parameters investigated. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first study of BUB1 protein expression in gastric cancer tissues. Different BUB1 protein expression levels in intestinal- and diffuse-type gastric cancer may provide further evidence of a potential link between different genetic pathways and morphological phenotype in gastric carcinogenesis. However, further studies are needed to establish whether there is an association between BUB1 protein expression level and mitotic spindle checkpoint function in gastric cancer.     

循证血管发生因子PD-ECGF、VEGF及抑制因子TSP-1在子宫内膜异位症发病因素中的作用

目的 :循证血小板衍化内皮细胞生长因子PD ECGF、血管内皮细胞生长因子VEGF、血小板反应素TSP 1在子宫内膜异位症 (EM )发病因素中的作用。方法 :3 0例需行手术治疗的EM患者 ,取其在位和异位内膜作免疫组化SP法检测PD ECGF、VEGF ,原位杂交法检测TSP 1的表达 ,以 3 0例非EM患者的子宫内膜作为对照 ,进行比较分析。结果 :异位内膜PD ECGF表达升高 ,EM患者子宫内膜TSP 1表达较对照组降低。结论 :PD ECGF参与了EM血管发生 ,EM患者子宫内膜抑制血管发生能力降低 ,使异位的内膜易于种植生长可能是EM发病的因素之一     

IL‐17 Induces Expression of Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule Through Signalling Pathway of NF‐κB,but not Akt1 and TAK1 in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells

Interleukin‐17 (IL‐17) plays an important role in several autoimmune diseases. IL‐17 can induce the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM‐1) in aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs), which is important for the development of atherosclerosis. However, the signalling pathway of IL‐17‐induced VCAM‐1 expression remains unclear. In this study, we reported that IL‐17‐induced expression of VCAM‐1 in SMCs is dependent on NF‐κB, but independent of Akt1 and TAK1. This is because knocking down Akt1 or TAK1 by siRNA did not reduce IL‐17‐induced activation of NF‐κB and expression of VCAM‐1, whereas knocking down NF‐κB by siRNA markedly inhibited IL‐17‐mediated upregulation of VCAM‐1 expression. In addition, IL‐17‐induced expression of VCAM‐1 is partially dependent on activation of ERK1/2. Therefore, these signalling pathways of IL‐17‐mediated upregulation of VCAM‐1 expression might be therapeutic targets for treatment of IL‐17‐mediated inflammation.