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1.
慢性鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉(chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps,CRSwNP)是鼻和鼻窦黏膜的慢性炎症反应,其发病机制至今还不清楚。与其他内在型相比,Th2型CRSwNP患者常规治疗后更容易复发,鼻黏膜内金黄色葡萄球菌的定植数多,金黄色葡萄球菌感染诱导Th2炎症反应,进一步加重炎症反应。巨噬细胞在病原微生物清除方面发挥了重要作用,但在Th2失调的炎症环境下巨噬细胞吞噬和杀菌能力明显下降,可能与Th2型CRSwNP患者黏膜内金葡菌持续性存在密切相关。本文就巨噬细胞的亚型、分化和功能进行综述,寄希望于巨噬细胞的研究能有效减少病原菌定植,控制鼻黏膜内持续性炎症反应。  相似文献   

2.
慢性鼻窦炎(chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, CRS)根据其发病机制可分为2型和非2型炎症内型,其中2型炎症对应于嗜酸性粒细胞浸润为主的慢性鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉(chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, CRSwNP)。典型的2型CRSwNP患者通常对目前的治疗有耐药性,表现出较高的复发率。尽管生物制剂在其治疗上取得了一定的成功,但靶向单一TH2细胞因子并不能完全消除大多数患者的2型疾病,故靶向阻断TH2细胞因子及其下游的信号转导通路可能是针对内型治疗的一种新思路。论文对各2型细胞因子(IL-4、IL-5、IL-9、IL-13、IL-25和IL-33)在2型CRSwNP中与其特异性受体相互结合后激活的细胞内信号通路进行综述,旨在为治疗2型CRSwNP提供新的靶点。  相似文献   

3.
慢性鼻窦炎(CRS)是一种常见的鼻窦黏膜炎症性疾病,复杂的发生机制造就了CRS的高度异质性,部分患者无法从目前标准的药物治疗和手术中得到缓解。CRS具有不同的炎症内型和临床表型,慢性鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉(CRSwNP)一直是治疗难点,其症状相对较重还常合并哮喘,易对常规药物和手术的疗效不佳并伴有较高的复发风险。近年来,度普利尤单抗(dupilumab)在成人顽固性CRSwNP中疗效显著,其通过阻断Ⅱ型炎症中关键驱动因子IL-4和IL-13的信号传导,达到治疗作用。目前度普利尤单抗对国人CRSwNP治疗研究尚无报道。本文将对度普利尤单抗治疗CRSwNP的研究进展进行综述,以期为其在CRSwNP中的进一步应用研究提供参考。  相似文献   

4.
慢性鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉(CRSwNP)的炎症机制复杂,现有治疗方式对其病情控制欠佳。奥玛株单抗可通过与IgE受体结合降低患者的免疫级联反应,已有研究证明其对缓解CRSwNP合并哮喘患者的鼻部症状有良好的效果,但针对伴嗜酸性粒细胞增多、IgE水平高的难治性复发性CRSwNP治疗效果的探索还需要更多、更大规模的随机对照实验来证明。本文结合该背景对奥玛株单抗的作用机制以及在CRSwNP中的应用进行阐述,为CRSwNP的治疗提供参考。  相似文献   

5.
慢性鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉(CRSwNP)是慢性鼻窦炎的难治性亚型,其病理生理机制尚不明确,细菌在其发病机制中发挥着重要作用,但具体作用机制尚不清楚。微生物组是包括呼吸道疾病在内的人类健康研究的新视角之一。随着新一代测序技术的发展,CRSwNP鼻部细菌微生物群落的复杂性得到了进一步的认识。鼻腔细菌丰富度和多样性的改变可能与CRSwNP的炎症类型、伴随疾病和预后有关。鼻部细菌在CRSwNP的诊断和治疗等多方面都有较好的前景和潜在意义。本文就鼻腔鼻窦细菌微生物组与慢性鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉相关性的研究进展加以综述。  相似文献   

6.
伴鼻息肉的慢性鼻-鼻窦炎(chronic rhinosinusitis with nasalpolyps,CRSwNP)是一种由于鼻黏膜上皮和免疫系统功能紊乱所致鼻腔和鼻黏膜的炎症,典型特征是诱导较强的Th2型免疫应答、嗜酸性粒细胞的优势浸润和调节性T细胞的功能障碍。其中,IL-25和IL-33可能是介导鼻息肉组织中上皮细胞间嗜酸性粒细胞浸润和诱导Th2型免疫应答的关键细胞因子。探讨伴鼻息肉的慢性鼻-鼻窦炎的免疫调节异常机制,将有助于寻找新的治疗靶点。本文对CRSwNP的免疫调节特点做一综述,提出CRSwNP以诱导Th2型免疫反应和调节性Th细胞功能障碍为特征。  相似文献   

7.
慢性鼻窦炎(CRS)是一种具有复杂表型和内在型的异质性疾病。根据是否有鼻息肉,CRS的表型可分为伴或不伴息肉。CRS的其他表型分类还包括是否伴有过敏、哮喘、阿司匹林不耐受等。近年来,关于CRS内在型致病机制的研究如2型炎症和非2型炎症取得突破性进展,为CRS的治疗引入了有效的生物制剂。阐述慢性鼻窦炎最新表型和内在型分类和基于表型和内在型的最新治疗进展,为临床更好地结合内在型和表型,对慢性鼻窦炎更精确的诊断和更精准的个性化治疗提供思路。  相似文献   

8.
金黄色葡萄球菌(金葡菌)定植与变应性鼻炎(AR)和慢性鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉(CRSwNP)的加重及预后密切相关。本文详细阐述了金葡菌造成AR及CRSwNP难以控制的机制,同时概括性描述了金葡菌在AR和CRSwNP患者的局部定植情况及对血清炎症的影响。  相似文献   

9.
慢性鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉(CRSwNP)和哮喘作为上下呼吸道最具代表性的慢性炎症性疾病,二者在发病过程中常相互并存,临床诊治棘手。目前对CRSwNP和哮喘的相互作用机制尚未阐明。欧洲鼻窦炎鼻息肉诊疗指南(EPOS 2012)对治疗CRSwNP伴或不伴哮喘已给出具体的指导意见,其常规治疗包括鼻用糖皮质激素、生理盐水洗鼻等,并进一步根据CRSwNP的特点、症状严重程度等进行后续的联合治疗。据报道,鼻窦手术和药物治疗CRSwNP对合并支气管哮喘的转归有益。但CRSwNP合并哮喘患者经药物与手术治疗后的疗效判定尚缺乏足够的随机对照试验证据。  相似文献   

10.
慢性鼻-鼻窦炎(chronic rhinosinusitis,CRS)是指发生于鼻腔、鼻窦黏膜的慢性炎症性疾病,病程≥12周。CRS可分为慢性鼻-鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉(chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps,CRSwNP)和慢性鼻-鼻窦炎不伴鼻息肉(chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps,CRSsNP)两型[1],其发病机制尚不完全清楚,不同类型的CRS表现为不同的黏膜炎症和组织重构[2]。  相似文献   

11.

Purpose

Endotyping chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) poses a challenge for rhinologists nowadays. Phenotyping CRSwNP proved inappropriate as an approach to their classification because of their common clinical features. Endotyping, being based on the pathogenic mechanism, provides a precise picture more appropriate for use in clinical practice. Patients' treatment and follow-up can thus be tailored to cope with the degree of aggressiveness of a specific CRSwNP endotype.The aim of this study was to analyze the available information about the main currently accepted endotypes of CRSwNP; furthermore, we reported and commented evidence regarding some clinical conditions associated with nasal polyposis which could be related with new endotypes.

Materials and methods

Pubmed and Scopus electronic database were searched. The main available studies about CRSwNP endotyping published predominantly in the last 5?years were critically analyzed.

Results

The pathophysiological features of some asthma-related CRSwNP (allergic fungal rhinosinusitis, aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease) are quite well understood, including them among known endotypes of CRSwNP. On the other hand, because of their known pathophysiological mechanisms, some well-known diseases associated with aggressive forms of CRSwNP, such as eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, primary ciliary dyskinesia and cystic fibrosis, should be investigated as potentially related with CRSwNP endotypes.

Conclusions

CRSwNP comprises several inflammatory endotypes defined by different pathogenic mechanisms. These endotypes correlate with the disease's clinical manifestations and behavior. A thorough understanding of CRSwNP endotypes will enable targeted medical therapies and tailored follow-up protocols.  相似文献   

12.
目的 研究新型转录因子NKX2-1在慢性鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉发病中调控嗜酸性免疫炎症反应的作用。 方法 功能性鼻内镜手术获取鼻息肉及非变应性单纯鼻中隔偏曲患者鼻甲标本,通过酶联免疫、免疫组化及蛋白印迹检测细胞因子IL-5、IFN-γ、IL-17A,转录因子NKX2-1及趋化因子CCL17在患者中的表达。 结果 鼻息肉患者中IL-5阳性表达率为24%,并伴有IL-4、IgE等炎症介质及酸性粒细胞浸润升高特征;40%鼻息肉患者关键细胞因子阴性表达并伴有IL-1β、IL-8等非嗜酸性炎症升高特征。单纯IL-5+鼻息肉患者NKX2-1表达低于非变应性单纯鼻中隔偏曲患者,单纯IL-5+鼻息肉患者中趋化因子CCL17高于非变应性单纯鼻中隔偏曲患者,且与趋化嗜酸性粒细胞相关。 结论 新型转录因子NKX2-1在不同内在型鼻息肉患者中具有表达差异,其在单纯IL-5+鼻息肉患者中表达下降且有负性调控嗜酸性炎症反应作用。  相似文献   

13.
ObjectivesTo assess the impact of allergy on clinical presentations (phenotypes) and inflammatory patterns (endotypes) of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP).MethodsA single-center prospective study was conducted over an 18-month period. Fifty-seven patients with refractory CRSwNP were included. The diagnosis of allergy was based on concordant skin prick tests and symptoms. Phenotypes were determined on symptom severity score, polyp size classification and Lund-Mackay CT staging. Inflammatory endotypes were determined on biomarker analysis (IgE, IgA, IL-5, IL-9, ECP, EDN) in blood and nasal secretions. Eosinophil counts were obtained in blood, nasal secretions and polyps.ResultsPhenotype and endotype profiles were comparable in patients with (n = 15) or without (n = 42) allergy. Only asthma with high total IgE blood concentration showed association with allergy.ConclusionsThe present results suggest that allergy is not directly involved in the clinical expression and specific inflammatory pathways of CRSwNP. New therapies target inflammation signaling pathways, and identifying accurate blood and tissue biomarkers will be the line of research most likely to improve treatment of CRSwNP.  相似文献   

14.
PurposeSex and age of patients are variables affecting across the board all chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) endotypes. The main aim of this investigation was to compare the clinical, laboratory, pathological and prognostic characteristics of CRSwNP in male vs female patients stratified according to age (young-adult [20 years ≤ age ≤ 40 years], and elderly [age ≥ 65 years]). This is the first study that analyzed the association of the above-mentioned features with age and sex combination in CRSwNP electing endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS).Materials and methodsOne hundred and five consecutive young-adult patients (62 males and 43 females) and 67 elderly patients (44 males and 23 females) with CRSwNP who had undergone ESS were enrolled.ResultsThe recurrence rate resulted associated with the age and sex combination (p = 0.0165). Young-adult males' recurrence rate (29.0%) was higher than young-adult females (11.6%) and elderly males (4.5%). Allergy resulted associated with age and sex combination (p = 0.0158). Young-adult males' allergy rate (50.0%) was higher than elderly males' (29.5%) and elderly females' (13%). Moreover, allergy rate was higher in young-adult females (41.9%) than in elderly females.ConclusionOur data suggest the possibility of an interaction between sex and age in the recurrence of nasal polyposis after ESS. More studies are needed to understand the role of sex hormones in pathogenesis and prognosis of CRSwNP.  相似文献   

15.
目的随着慢性鼻窦炎(CRS)内在型及血液标志物的相关研究不断取得进展,CRS的治疗已经开始向精准医学时代迈进。本文总结了CRS的内在型分类及CRS内在型与血液标志物的关系,并重点介绍了以II型炎症反应血液标志物为首的CRS血液标志物目前在CRS中的研究进展。我们期望找到更符合临床需要的血液标志物,为建立相应的CRS内在型分型提供依据,以便更好地指导CRS的个性化治疗及预后判断。  相似文献   

16.
慢性鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉(CRSwNP)是耳鼻咽喉科的常见病,以鼻腔和鼻窦黏膜的高度异质性慢性炎症为特征。近年来,由于其发病率不断升高且易反复发作,预后较差,严重影响患者的生活质量,增加社会医疗经济负担。鼻黏膜上皮细胞构成的上皮屏障作为“守门员”,是鼻腔抵御病原体、过敏原等入侵的第一道防线。它通过启动防御机制、激活各类理化因子和调节免疫反应等维护宿主鼻腔黏膜的健康稳态。研究表明,上皮屏障功能障碍与CRSwNP的发生密切相关,也是目前CRSwNP领域的研究热点之一。因此,深入探究调控CRSwNP上皮屏障功能障碍的潜在分子生物学机制至关重要。本文将对上皮屏障在CRSwNP形成过程中的功能、作用机制和破坏因素等方面的研究进展作一综述,以期为阐明CRSwNP的病理机制提供见解,为其诊断和治疗的研究提供新方向。  相似文献   

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