Acute necrotizing pancreatitis: role of CT-guided percutaneous catheter drainage

Necrotizing pancreatitis is the most severe form of acute pancreatitis associated with high morbidity and mortality. Percutaneous CT-guided catheter drainage is an important treatment option that can be effective whether used alone, or as an adjunct to operation. Existing literature describing the role of percutaneous catheter drainage of necrotizing pancreatitis is limited. This update reviews techniques, indications, outcomes, and complications of CT-guided percutaneous treatment of acute necrotizing pancreatitis.     

急性胰腺炎微创治疗进展

急性胰腺炎是一种起病急、病情危、进展快的临床危重症,其发病原因较为多样,易引发多种并发症,患者病死率较高,随着近些年医疗技术的不断进步,微创治疗已逐渐成为急性胰腺炎重要干预手段之一,使急性胰腺炎的综合治疗水平得以明显提升.本文作者拟结合临床经验,参考相关文献资料,就急性胰腺炎微创治疗的研究进展加以综述,以期为改善急性胰...     

超声引导下经皮穿刺置管引流术的应用时机对中度重症急性胰腺炎的疗效

目的  评估经皮穿刺置管引流在中度重症急性胰腺炎（MSAP）治疗中应用时机的选择对患者结局和并发症方面的影响。方法  纳入2017年7月~2021年4月在广东省第二人民医院住院的113例MSAP患者,根据其是否行超声引导下经皮穿刺置管引流术（PCD）分为早期PCD组、晚期PCD组以及对照组,记录患者基本资料（年龄、性别、BMI、病因）,比较3组临床结局（转为重症急性胰腺炎（SAP）患者人数、转外科手术患者人数、死亡患者人数）、实验室检查指标（白细胞计数、血清淀粉酶、C反应蛋白、血钙）、临床疗效时间指标（全身炎症反应时间、腹痛时间、肠鸣音恢复时间、饮食恢复时间和总住院时间）、不良事件（腹腔感染、腹腔内出血、导管堵塞）及并发症（胰腺假性囊肿、胰腺脓肿、腹腔间室综合征及多器官组织衰竭）。结果  早期PCD组及晚期PCD组治疗成功率高于对照组,而死亡率、转为SAP患者率、外科手术率低于对照组,且早期PCD组治疗成功率高于晚期PCD组（P < 0.05）;PCD组的全身炎症反应时间、肠鸣音恢复时间和住院时间少于对照组,且早期PCD组的全身炎症反应时间及住院时间明显少于晚期PCD组（P < 0.05）;PCD组白细胞计数、血清淀粉酶、C反应蛋白和血钙的改善均优于对照组,且早期PCD组的血清淀粉酶及C反应蛋白的改善优于晚期PCD组（P < 0.05）;PCD组并发症胰腺假性囊肿、胰腺脓肿、腹腔间室综合征及多器官组织衰竭明显低于对照组（P < 0.05）,且早期PCD组的腹腔间室综合征及多器官组织衰竭明显低于晚期PCD组,3组腹腔感染及出血差异无统计学意义。结论  对MSAP患者来说,晚期等待积聚物形成包裹后再进行PCD并不会产生任何额外的好处。早期PCD治疗可有效提高MSAP患者治疗成功率,减少住院时间及并发症。     

微创治疗24例胰腺周围脓肿的观察与护理

总结了24例使用微创技术治疗重症急性胰腺炎继发胰腺周围脓肿患者的护理经验.护理的关键在于保持管道通畅,做好营养支持治疗,仔细观察引流液的性质,及时发现微创术后并发症的早期征象,积极进行治疗,以促进患者早日康复.     

微创经皮钢板内固定治疗胫骨远近端骨折

目的探讨微创经皮钢板内固定治疗胫骨远近端骨折的临床疗效。方法自2009年1月至2011年3月应用微创经皮钢板内固定治疗胫骨远近端骨折25例。按AO分类标准:A型21例,B型3例,C型1例。结果 23例获得随访,平均10个月(6～20个月)。X线片显示骨折全部一期愈合,平均愈合时间为14周,均无感染、骨不连等并发症。按照Johner-Wruhs等胫骨骨折疗效评定标准:优18例,良3例,中2例,差0例,优良率为91.3%。结论微创经皮钢板内固定治疗胫骨远近端骨折符合生物学固定原则,内固定可靠,手术创伤小,有利于骨折的愈合及软组织的修复。     

中度重症急性胰腺炎早期超声引导下经皮穿刺置管引流术的临床价值

目的 探讨中度重症急性胰腺炎早期超声引导下经皮穿刺置管引流术的临床价值。方法 收集89例中度重症急性胰腺炎患者的临床资料,所有患者在入院后均按照《中国急性胰腺炎诊治指南2013》诊治标准进行规范诊治。根据其是否有在早期行超声引导下经皮穿刺置管引流术分为引流组38例和对照组51例,比较2组住院期间病死率、转重症急性胰腺炎率、转外科手术率、住院时间和并发症（感染、胰腺假性囊肿、腹腔内出血、腹腔间室综合征）发生率等。结果 引流组病死率为5%、转重症急性胰腺炎率为18%、转外科手术率为8%,均低于对照组相应的22%、45%、26%（P均<0.05）。引流组的住院时间短于对照组（P<0.05）。引流组中胰腺假性囊肿和腹腔间室综合征发生率均低于对照组（P均<0.05）。2组患者的感染、腹腔内出血发生率比较差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。结论 早期行超声引导下PCD能有效改善中度重症急性胰腺炎患者预后,缩短其住院时间,减少并发症的发生,且不会增加因穿刺引起的腹腔感染、出血风险。     

微创经皮肾镜取石术的护理

微创经皮肾镜取石术（MPCNL）具有创伤小、出血少、结石取净率高、患者康复快、疼痛轻的优点，是一种有效的治疗肾结石的方法，已逐渐取代传统的开放取石手术与经皮肾穿刺取石术（PCNL）。我院2004年3月～2008年5月，采用微创经皮肾穿刺取石术治疗。肾结石450例，效果良好。现将护理体会报道如下。     

Ultrasound-guided percutaneous catheter drainage in early treatment of severe acute pancreatitis

BACKGROUND:

Percutaneous catheter drainage (PCD) is a minimally invasive intervation for severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). This study was undertaken to compare the results of surgery and ultrasound-guided PCD in the treatment of 32 patients with SAP, and to direct clinicians to the most optimal approach for SAP.

METHODS:

In the 32 patients, 19 were proved to have deteriorated clinical signs or symptoms, extensive fluid exudation, and necrosis confirmed by computed tomography (CT) and they underwent operative debridement and drainage. For extensive fluid exudation or necrosis, complete liquefaction and safe catheter implantation, the other 13 patients were given PCD.

RESULTS:

The mortality rate of the surgery group was 26.3%, much higher than that of the PCD group (0%). There was a significant difference between the two groups (P=0.044). The mean time for recovery of the serum C-reactive protein (CRP) level was 43.8 days in the surgery group, which was significantly longer than that of the PCD group (23.8 days) (P=0.034).

CONCLUSION:

Early PCD guided by ultrasound could decrease the mortality of patients with severe acute pancreatitis, alleviate life-threatening inflammatory complications, and avoid unnecessary emergency operation.KEY WORDS: Percutaneous catheter drainage, Operation, Severe acute pancreatitis, Clinical efficacy     

New minimally invasive discectomy technique through the interlaminar space using a percutaneous endoscope

INTRODUCTION: The serial dilating technique used to access herniated discs at the L5-S1 space using percutaneous endoscopic discectomy (PED) via an 8 mm skin incision can possibly injure the S1 nerve root. In this paper, we describe in detail a new surgical procedure to safely access the disc and to avoid the nerve root damage. This small-incision endoscopic technique, small-incision microendoscopic discectomy (sMED), mimics microendoscopic discectomy and applies PED. MATERIALS AND SURGICAL TECHNIQUE: The sMED approach is similar to the well-established microendoscopic discectomy technique. To secure the surgical field, a duckbill-type PED cannula is used. Following laminotomy of L5 using a high-speed drill, the ligamentum flavum is partially removed using the Kerrison rongeur. Using the curved nerve root retractor, the S1 nerve root is gradually and gently moved caudally. Following the compete retraction of the S1 nerve root to the caudal side of the herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP), the nerve root is retracted safely medially and caudally using the bill side of the duckbill PED cannula. Next, using the HNP rongeur for PED, the HNP is removed piece by piece until the nerve root is decompressed. A total of 30 patients with HNP at the L5-S1 level underwent sMED. In all cases, HNP was successfully removed and patients showed improvement following surgery. Only one patient complained of moderate radiculopathy at the final visit. No complications were encountered. DISCUSSION: We introduced a minimally invasive technique to safely remove HNP at the L5-S1 level. sMED is possibly the least invasive technique for HNP removal at the L5-S1 level.     

微创经皮肾镜取石术围手术期护理

<正>微创经皮肾镜取石术(MPCNL)具有安全、有效、创伤小、患者恢复快等优点,正逐步代替传统的开放性手术治疗。2006年3月-2010年3月,我院泌尿外科采用经皮肾镜取石技术治疗肾、输尿管上段结石共100例,经围手术期精心护理,取得满意效果。现报告如下。     

Management of infected acute necrotizing pancreatitis

Necrotizing or severe pancreatitis represents approximately 10%-20% of acute pancreatitis. 30%-40% of patients with acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP) will develop debris infection through translocation of intestinal microbial flora. Infected ANP constitutes a serious clinical condition and is complicated by severe sepsis with high mortality rates of up to 40% despite progress in current intensive care. The timely detection of sepsis is crucial. The Quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score, procalcitonin levels > 1.8 ng/mL and increased lactates > 2 mmol/L (> 18 mg/dL), indicate the need for urgent management. The escalated step-by-step management protocol starts with broad-spectrum antibiotics, percutaneous drainage or endoscopic management, and ends with surgical management if needed. The latter includes necrosectomy (either laparoscopic or traditional open surgery), peritoneal lavage and extensive drainage. This management protocol increases the chance of survival to approximately 60% in patients with otherwise fatal cases. Any treatment choice must be individualized, and the timing is critical.     

急性坏死性胰腺炎患者的围手术期护理

急性坏死性胰腺炎（ANP）是临床常见急腹症之一,病情涉及全身多个脏器,具有发病急、病情凶险、并发症多、死亡率高的特点,临床多以手术治疗为主要治疗方式,其手术前后的护理要求极高。针对该类患者的病情特点,我们从以下几个方面精心护理,取得了满意的效果。现将护理体会总结如下。     

重症急性胰腺炎早期经皮穿刺置管引流的观察与护理

总结27例经皮穿刺置管重症急性胰腺炎病人的观察护理,探讨SAP病人早期经皮穿刺置管引流的护理重点及难点,逐步形成护理常规,形成一套规范的早期经皮穿刺置管引流的护理方法与技巧.     

神经内镜微创术与微创钻孔引流术治疗高血压 脑出血的临床效果与安全性分析*

目的对比分析神经内镜微创手术与微创钻孔引流术治疗高血压脑出血的临床效果与安全性。方法收集2017年1月-2017年12月该院神经外科收治的90例高血压脑出血患者的病历资料,进行回顾性分析。根据手术方式不同分为A组(47例,行神经内镜微创手术)和B组(43例,行微创钻孔引流手术),比较两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、血肿清除率、住院时间、术后并发症发生情况及预后情况。结果 B组手术时间和术中出血量明显少于A组,A组血肿清除率(92.84±4.73)%明显高于B组(87.52±5.39)%,差异具有统计学意义(P 0.05)。两组术后住院时间、再出血发生率、并发症发生率和死亡率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。术后3个月与术前比较,两组的美国国立卫生研究院脑卒中评分量表(NIHSS)均明显降低,日常生活活动评分(ADL)均明显升高,两组比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。A组和B组术后6个月预后良好率分别为93.62%和83.72%,组间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论神经内镜微创术可提高血肿清除效果,微创钻孔引流术可缩短手术时间,减少术中出血量,两者均安全、可靠,且预后较好。     

Computer navigation-assisted minimally invasive percutaneous screw placement for pelvic fractures

Pelvic fractures are often caused by high-energy injuries and accompanied by hemodynamic instability. Traditional open surgery has a large amount of bleeding, which is not suitable for patients with acute pelvic fracture. Navigation-guided, percutaneous puncture-screw implantation has gradually become a preferred procedure due to its advantages, which include less trauma, faster recovery times, and less bleeding. However, due to the complexity of pelvic anatomy, doctors often encounter some problems when using navigation to treat pelvic fractures. This article reviews the indications, contraindications, surgical procedures, and related complications of this procedure for the treatment of sacral fractures, sacroiliac joint injuries, pelvic ring injuries, and acetabular fractures. We also analyze the causes of inaccurate screw placement. Percutaneous screw placement under navigational guidance has the advantages of high accuracy, low incidence of complications and small soft-tissue damage, minimal blood loss, short hospital stays, and quick recovery. There is no difference in the incidence of complications between surgeries performed by new doctors and experienced ones. However, computer navigation technology requires extensive training, and attention should be given to avoid complications such as screw misplacement, intestinal injury, and serious blood vessel and nerve injuries caused by navigational drift.     

经皮肾镜治疗重症胰腺炎患者术后应用三腔负压引流管的护理

目的：总结10例经皮肾镜治疗重症胰腺炎（SAP）术后应用三腔负压引流管的护理经验。方法：对10例SAP接受经皮肾镜手术并放置三腔负压引流管的患者做好引流管路的风险评估、观察巡视,及时调整处理,规范交接记录,加强卧位管理和心理护理。结果：10例患者通过精心护理全部治愈出院。结论：重症胰腺炎患者进行经皮肾镜治疗术后留置三腔负压引流管,在护士动态、有效、规范化的管道管理维护与配合下,引流效果理想,治疗效果优良,值得推广。     

急性坏死性胰腺炎的综合治疗

急性坏死性胰腺炎是良性疾病,但其死亡率可超过10%,80%的死亡患者与感染有关.因此,控制感染是治疗急性胰腺炎、降低死亡率的关键.本文主要对动脉介入治疗、SDD及经肠内营养等方法控制急性坏死性胰腺炎中的感染,从而治疗急性坏死性胰腺炎的可行性、有效性进行综述.     

影像引导经皮穿刺置管灌洗引流在重症急性胰腺炎早期治疗中的应用

目的 探讨影像引导经皮穿刺置管灌洗引流在重症急性胰腺炎（SAP）早期治疗中应用的可行性、临床价值与技术特点.方法 选自我院2008年9月至2010年2月收治的SAP患者56例,随机分为影像引导下经皮穿刺置管灌洗引流治疗组（简称治疗组）（n=27）和常规保守治疗组（简称对照组）（n=29）,检测两组患者治疗前后的实验室指标,对比两组患者治疗后恢复情况及疗效.结果 治疗后两组患者血白细胞计数、血糖、血钙、血、尿淀粉酶等指标出现显著性差异（P＜0.05）,症状体征消失天数、恢复饮食天数、总住院天数等也均有显著性差异（P＜0.01）.治疗组死亡率明显低于对照组（7.4％vs.20.7％,P＜0.05）,有效率则高于对照组（88.9％vs.65.5％,P＜0.05）.结论 影像引导经皮穿刺置管灌洗引流是SAP早期治疗中一种安全可行的方法,其用微创的方法达到开腹手术全面探查、充分灌洗引流治疗SAP的目的,值得临床推广应用.