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1.
Keisuke Suzuki Yusuke Nishida Kazuhiko Mitsutomi 《Journal of Physical Therapy Science》2014,26(10):1637-1640
[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to examine whether changes in muscle synergy
could affect gait stability or muscle activity by comparing muscle activity before and
after prolonged walking. [Subjects and Methods] Twelve healthy male subjects walked on a
treadmill for 10 min as a warm-up. Data were recorded from the participants during the
first and last 1 min during 90 min of walking at 4.5 km/h. Electromyographic (EMG)
activity was recorded for 7 leg muscles, and patterns of coordination were determined by
principal component analysis (PCA). The patterns of activity within the anatomic muscle
groups were additionally determined by repeating PCA. iEMG was calculated using the mean
EMG for each cycle step during the 1 min walking periods. The largest Lyapunov exponent
was calculated to quantify each subject’s inherent local dynamic stability. [Results] The
patterns for each of the 7 muscles showed no change between the start and end periods.
However, the end period showed a higher co-activation of the triceps surae, lower iEMG of
the medial gastrocnemius, and a smaller largest Lyapunov exponent of the mediolateral and
anteroposterior directions than those observed during the start period. [Conclusion] The
increase in triceps surae co-activation may be associated with gait stability.Key words: Muscle synergy, Muscle activity, Gait stability 相似文献
2.
[Purpose] This study investigated the effects of inclined treadmill walking on pelvic
anterior tilt angle, hamstring muscle length, and back muscle endurance of seated workers
with flat-back syndrome. [Subjects] Eight seated workers with flat-back syndrome who
complained of low-back pain in the L3–5 region participated in this study. [Methods] The
subjects performed a walking exercise on a 30° inclined treadmill. We measured the pelvic
anterior tilt angle, hamstring muscle length, and back muscle endurance before and after
inclined treadmill walking. [Results] Anterior pelvic tilt angle and active knee extension
angle significantly increased after inclined treadmill walking. Trunk extensor and flexor
muscle endurance times were also significantly increased compared to the baseline.
[Conclusion] Inclined treadmill walking may be an effective approach for the prevention or
treatment of low-back pain in flat-back syndrome.Key words: Inclined treadmill walking, LBP, Seated workers 相似文献
3.
Kenichi Murakami Hiroyuki Fujisawa Jun Onobe Yoichiro Sato 《Journal of Physical Therapy Science》2014,26(4):621-624
[Purpose] The aim of this study was to clarify the relationship between the muscle fiber
conduction velocity (MFCV) obtained during muscle twitches from evoked potentials and the
dynamic characteristics of muscular tension (muscle dynamic characteristics) by
manipulating deep temperature. [Subjects] Subjects were 10 healthy adult men. Their mean
age was 23.0 ± 3.9 years. [Methods] Measurement items were MFCV of the right tibialis
anterior muscle and the force-time curve of right ankle dorsiflexion (muscle twitch).
Measurements were made under conditions of ordinary (room) temperature, hot and cold. The
rate of change in maximum torque was calculated from the force-time curve. [Results] In
all subjects, MFCV increased significantly with heating and decreased significantly with
cooling. A strong correlation was seen between MFCV and deep temperature. A strong
correlation was also seen between MFCV and the rate of change in maximum torque. Stronger
correlations were seen in the present results than in previous studies that conducted
investigations using voluntary contractions. [Conclusion] The present results were not
affected by psychological or other such factors, and are valuable as data with high
physiological reliability. In conclusion, this study was able to clarify the relationship
between MFCV from evoked potentials and muscle dynamic characteristics.Key words: Muscle fiber conduction velocity, Dynamic characteristics of muscular tension, Muscle twitches 相似文献
4.
Ju-Eun Lee Ga-Hyeon Park Yun-Seop Lee Myoung-Kwon Kim 《Journal of Physical Therapy Science》2013,25(9):1059-1061
[Purpose] This study examined the differences in muscle activation between flat and
normal feet in the one-leg standing position which delivers the greatest load to the lower
extremity. [Subjects] This study was conducted with 23 adults, 12 with normal feet and 12
with flat feet, with ages ranging from 21 to 30 years old, who had no neurological history
or gait problems. [Methods] The leg used for one leg standing was the dominant leg of the
subjects. The experimenter instructed the subjects to raise the non-dominant leg with
their eyes open, and the subjects maintained a posture with the non-dominant leg''s knee
flexed at 90° and the hip joint flexed at 45° for six seconds. In the position of one-leg
standing, a horizontal rod was set at the height of the waist line of the subjects who
lightly placed two fingers of each hand on the rod to prevent inclination of the trunk to
one side. Measurements were taken three times and the maximum value was used. A surface
electromyogram (TeleMyo 2400T, Noraxon Co., USA) was used to measure muscle activities.
[Results] We compared muscle activities between flat and normal foot, and the results show
a significant difference between normal and flat feet in the muscle activity of the
abductor hallucis muscle. [Conclusion] The subjects with flat feet had relatively lower
activation of the abductor hallucis muscle than those with normal feet during one leg
standing. We infer from this that the abductor hallucis muscle of flat foot doesn''t work
as well as a dynamic stabilizer, compared to a normal foot, during one leg standing.Key words: Flat foot, Electromyography, One-leg standing 相似文献
5.
[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between trunk
stability and injury among young soccer players. [Subjects and Methods] The subjects were
19 male soccer players in junior high school. The presence of injury was noted, and trunk
stability was measured by using the bench test and sideways bench test, which were
modified from “The 11+” exercises. [Results] There was no significant difference in
endurance time in the bench test or sideways bench test between the injury group (n=9) and
non-injury group (n=10). Comparison within each group revealed no significant difference
in endurance time between the right and left sideways bench tests in the non-injury group;
however, the time in the left sideways bench test was significantly longer than that in
the right in the injury group. [Conclusion] This study suggests that there is a
relationship between asymmetric trunk stability and injury. Further research investigating
the relationship between asymmetric trunk function and balance skills is necessary.Key words: Trunk stability, Growth period, Injury prevention 相似文献
6.
Ji-Hye Kim Hae-Kag Lee Jae-Hwan Cho Hyong-Keun Park Han-Jun Yang 《Journal of Physical Therapy Science》2015,27(7):2097-2100
[Purpose] The aim of this study was to identify biochemical markers related to breast
density. The study was performed with 200 patients who received mammography and
biochemical marker testing between March 1, 2014 to October 1, 2014. [Subjects and
Methods] Following the American College of Radiology, Breast Imaging Reporting and Data
System (ACR BI-RADS), breast parenchymal pattern density from mammography was categorized
into four grades: grade 1, almost entirely fat; grade 2, fibroglandular densities; grade
3, heterogeneously dense; and grade 4, extremely dense. Regarding biochemical markers,
subjects underwent blood and urine tests after a 12-h fast. We analyzed correlations among
breast density, general characteristics, and biochemical markers. [Results] Breast
density-related factors were age, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), hematocrit, MCH,
RDW, AST, ALT, ALP, uric acid, γGT, triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, and
LDL-cholesterol. [Conclusion] The results can be used as basic and comparative data for
the prevention and early control of breast cancer.Key words: Breast density, Biochemical marker, Related factors 相似文献
7.
Bo-in Kim Ju-Hyeon Jung Jemyung Shim Hae-Yeon Kwon Haroo Kim 《Journal of Physical Therapy Science》2014,26(1):77-79
[Purpose] This study analyzed the activities of the back and hip muscles during Pilates
exercises conducted in a prone position. [Subjects] The subjects were 18 healthy women
volunteers who had practiced at a Pilates center for more than three months.
[Methods] The subjects performed three Pilates exercises. To examine muscle
activity during the exercises, 8-channel surface electromyography (Noraxon USA, Inc.,
Scottsdale, AZ) was used. The surface electrodes were attached to the bilateral latissimus
dorsi muscle, multifidus muscle, gluteus maximus, and semitendinous muscle. Three Pilates
back exercises were compared: (1) double leg kick (DLK), (2) swimming (SW), and (3) leg
beat (LB). Electrical muscle activation was normalized to maximal voluntary isometric
contraction. Repeated measures analysis of variance was performed to assess the
differences in activation levels among the exercises. [Results] The activity of the
multifidus muscle was significantly high for the SW (52.3±11.0, 50.9±9.8) and LB
exercises(51.8±12.8, 48.3±13.9) and the activity of the semitendinosus muscle was higher
for the LB exercise (49.2±8.7, 52.9±9.3) than for the DLK and SW exercises. [Conclusion]
These results may provide basic material for when Pilates exercises are performed in a
prone position and may be useful information on clinical Pilates for rehabilitation
programs.Key words: Back and hip muscles, Electromyography, Pilates 相似文献
8.
[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to perform kinematic and kinetic analyses of the
ankle during both forward and backward walking using three-dimensional motion analysis.
[Subjects] The subjects were 11 healthy adults. [Methods] Measurements of forward and
backward walking motions were taken using a three-dimensional motion analysis device and 3
ground reaction force plates. The analysis segment was the standing phase and the items
analyzed were walking time, maximum dorsal flexion of the ankle, maximum angle of plantar
flexion, peak ankle power in the sagittal plane, workload of the ankle, and work rate.
Statistical analysis consisted of comparisons using the t-test for each of the items
measured during both forward and backward walking. [Results] The backward walking group
had significantly lower ankle power, workload, and work rate. [Conclusion] The propulsive
force in backward walking must come from some factor other than the ankle. The analysis of
joint power is an important index for understanding the motion.Key words: Three-dimensional motion analysis, Ankle power, Backward walking 相似文献
9.
Woo-Il Kim Yong-Kyu Choi Jung-Ho Lee Young-Han Park 《Journal of Physical Therapy Science》2014,26(11):1831-1834
[Purpose] The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in function and balance after
Kinesio Taping application in stroke patients. [Subjects and Methods] Thirty subjects were
randomly divided into an experimental group and control group. The experimental group was
applied taping before therapeutic exercise, and the control group received only
therapeutic exercise. Functional gait was measured using the straight line walking test,
and dynamic balance ability was measured using the Berg Balance Scale. Walking velocity
was measured with the 10 m walking test. [Results] There were statistically significant
differences between the results of the straight line walking and 10 m walking tests in the
pre-post analysis for the experimental group. There were a statistically significant
difference in the Berg Balance Scale and 10 m walking test between the two groups.
[Conclusion] Application of taping to the paralyzed parts of a stroke patient has a
positive effect on improvement of typical asymmetric gait and walking speed.Key words: Kinesio taping, Stroke, Gait 相似文献
10.
[Purpose] This study investigated the changes in electromyographic (EMG) activities of
the infraspinatus and posterior deltoid muscles during shoulder external rotation under
open kinetic chain (OKC) and closed kinetic chain (CKC) exercise conditions. [Subjects] In
total, 15 healthy males participated in this study. [Methods] Subjects performed shoulder
external rotations under CKC and OKC conditions while standing with and without weight
support provided by a height-adjustable table. Pressure biofeedback was used to ensure a
constant amount of weight support. The activities of the infraspinatus and posterior
deltoid muscles during shoulder external rotation were measured using a wireless surface
EMG system. The paired t-test was used to compare the EMG activities of the infraspinatus
and the posterior deltoid muscles and the ratio of the infraspinatus to the posterior
deltoid during shoulder external rotation under OKC and CKC conditions. [Results] The EMG
activity of the infraspinatus and the ratio of the infraspinatus to the posterior deltoid
activities were significantly increased, whereas the posterior deltoid activity was
significantly decreased under the CKC condition compared to the OKC condition.
[Conclusion] Clinicians should consider the CKC shoulder external rotation exercise when
they wish to selectively strengthen the infraspinatus.Key words: Infraspinatus, Posterior deltoid, Selective muscle strengthening 相似文献
11.
Kenta Shigemori Kouji Nagino Emi Nakamata Eiichi Nagai Megumi Izuta Masaki Nishii Reiko Hiroshima Satoru Kai 《Journal of Physical Therapy Science》2014,26(5):741-743
[Purpose] The aims of this study were: 1) to confirm the motion learning process of
Nordic backward walking (NBW) in older adult community-dwelling volunteers and, 2) to
check the change in psychological condition resulting from NBW. This study examined
whether the learning process and psychological condition become more efficient after
repeated sessions of NBW. [Methods] The subjects were 19 community-dwelling elderly
individuals between the ages of 64 and 78 years. [Results] Significant differences in
walking speed during NBW were only found between the first and second sessions and between
the second and third sessions. The walking speed in the sixth session, measured one hour
after the fifth session, was decreased in comparison with that in the fifth session.
Significant differences in stride length during NBW were only found between the first and
second sessions and between the second and third sessions. The stride length in the sixth
session, measured one hour after the fifth session, was decreased in comparison with that
in the fifth session. Significant differences in VAS score (sense of fear) after NBW were
found for each session. VAS score for the sixth session, measured one hour after the fifth
session, was decreased in comparison with that for the fifth session. [Conclusions] The
findings in the present study suggest that NBW is indeed a novel task and that motor
learning occurs as a result of practice, leading to a more efficient recruitment of motor
units.Key words: Nordic backward walking, Motor learning, Community-dwelling elderly 相似文献
12.
[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of draw-in exercise on
abdominal muscle activity in the standing and supine positions. [Methods] Twenty healthy
women participated in this study. The subjects were required to complete two draw-in
exercises (standing and supine positions) using a biofeedback pressure unit. The root mean
square (RMS) values of the EMG data were expressed as a percentage of the resting
contraction. The data were analyzed using the independent t-test. [Results] According to
the changes in the activities of the abdominal muscles, the draw-in exercise in the
standing position produced the most significant increase in the activities of the rectus
abdominis, the transverse abdominis, the internal oblique, and the external oblique
muscles. [Conclusion] The activities of the trunk stability muscles (rectus abdominis,
transverse abdominis, internal oblique, and external oblique) increased more in the
standing than in the supine position, enabling the subjects to overcome gravity.
Therefore, to strengthen the activation of the abdominal muscles, a standing position
seems to be more effective than a supine position for draw-in exercises.Key words: Abdominal muscle activity, Positions, Pressure biofeedback unit 相似文献
13.
Hiroyuki Fujisawa Hiroto Suzuki Emi Yamaguchi Hiromi Yoshiki Yui Wada Aya Watanabe 《Journal of Physical Therapy Science》2014,26(2):187-190
[Purpose] This study aimed to determine the effect of varying hip flexion angle on hip
muscle activity during isometric contraction in abduction. [Subjects] Twenty-seven healthy
men (mean age=21.5 years, SD=1.2) participated in this study. [Methods] Surface
electromyography (EMG) was recorded of the upper portion of the gluteus maximus (UGM),
lower portion of the gluteus maximus (LGM), tensor fasciae latae (TFL), and gluteus medius
(GMed) during isometric contraction under two measurement conditions: hip flexion angle
(0, 20, 40, 60, and 80 degrees) and abduction of the hip joint at 20, 40, 60, and 80%
maximum strength. Integrated EMG (IEMG) were calculated and normalized to the value of
maximum voluntary contraction (MVC). [Results] Results indicated that the IEMG of both the
UGM and LGM increased significantly with increases in hip flexion angle, whereas the IEMG
of the TFL decreased significantly. The maximum activities of the UGM and the LGM were
85.7 ± 80.8%MVC and 38.2 ± 32.9%MVC at 80 degrees of hip flexion, respectively, and that
of the TFL was 71.0 ± 39.0%MVC at 40 degrees of hip flexion. [Conclusion] The IEMG of the
GMed did not change with increases in hip flexion angle. Hip flexion angle affected the
activity of the GM and TFL during isometric contraction in abduction.Key words: Hip abductor, Electromyography, Muscle activity 相似文献
14.
Je-myung Shim Hae-yeon Kwon Ha-roo Kim Bo-in Kim Ju-hyeon Jung 《Journal of Physical Therapy Science》2013,25(12):1553-1556
[Purpose] The aim of this study was to assess the effect of Nordic pole walking on the
electromyographic activities of upper extremity and lower extremity muscles. [Subjects and
Methods] The subjects were randomly divided into two groups as follows: without Nordic
pole walking group (n=13) and with Nordic pole walking group (n=13). The EMG data were
collected by measurement while the subjects walking on a treadmill for 30 minutes by
measuring from one heel strike to the next. [Results] Both the average values and maximum
values of the muscle activity of the upper extremity increased in both the group that used
Nordic poles and the group that did not use Nordic poles, and the values showed
statistically significant differences. There was an increase in the average value for
muscle activity of the latissimus dorsi, but the difference was not statistically
significant, although there was a statistically significant increase in its maximum value.
The average and maximum values for muscle activity of the lower extremity did not show
large differences in either group, and the values did not show any statistically
significant differences. [Conclusion] The use of Nordic poles by increased muscle activity
of the upper extremity compared with regular walking but did not affect the lower
extremity.Key words: Nordic pole walking, Upper extremity muscle, Lower extremity muscle 相似文献
15.
[Purpose] This study compared the effects of sling exercises with and without vibration
on the muscular activity of the internal oblique (IO), rectus abdominis (RA), multifidus
(MF), and erector spinae (ES) muscles of healthy adults. [Methods] Eleven healthy
university students (11 men) with a mean age of 22.8 years were enrolled in this study.
Subjects performed supine and prone bridge exercises with the knees flexed using a sling
suspension system with and without vibration. The amplitudes of the EMG activities of
selected trunk muscles (internal oblique, rectus abdominis, erector spinae, multifidus)
were recorded. Two types of exercise conditions were executed in a random sequence for 5
seconds each. The signals detected from the middle 3 seconds (after discarding the signals
of the first and the last one seconds) were used in the analysis. A 3-minute break was
given after each exercise to minimize muscle fatigue. [Results] During the supine bridge
exercise with vibration, the activities of the IO, RA, MF, and ES muscles were
significantly higher than those of the supine bridge exercise without vibration.
Additionally, during the prone bridge exercise with vibration, the activities of the IO,
RA, MF, and ES were significantly higher than those of the prone bridge exercise without
vibration. [Conclusion] Sling exercises with vibration improved the trunk muscle
activities of healthy adults compared to the sling exercises without vibration. The
information presented here is important for clinicians who use lumbar stabilization
exercises as an evaluation tool or a rehabilitation exercise.Key words: Sling exercise, Vibration, Trunk muscle 相似文献
16.
[Purpose] The purpose of the study was to provide information for intervention by
comparing lower limb muscle thickness, gross motor function and functional level of
activity daily living between cerebral palsy (CP) and mental retardation (MR). [Subjects]
Sixty subjects participated: 38 CP and 9 MR subjects and 13 normally developing infants.
[Methods] Ultrasonography and a manual muscle tester were used for measuring the thickness
and strength of knee extensor and ankle plantar flexor muscles. The Gross Motor Function
Measure (GMFM) and Wee Functional Independence Measure (WeeFIM) were used to evaluate
level of gross motor and independence level. [Results] Knee extensor thicknesses of CP and
MR subjects were thinner than those of normally developing infants. Strengths of knee
extensor and ankle plantar flexor showed differences being strongest in normally
developing infants, followed by MR, and CP. Subjects in the examination of GMFM, there
were no significant differences between CP and MR. A decline in social cognition of MR
subjects was found in the examination of WeeFIM. [Conclusion] CP and MR subjects had
smaller muscle thicknesses and strengths than those of normally developing infants, and
lower gross motor function and functional independent level.Key words: Cerebral palsy, Mental retardation, Muscle thickness 相似文献
17.
Soohee Park 《Journal of Physical Therapy Science》2013,25(12):1529-1531
[Purpose] This study investigated the difference in muscle activation of the dominant
upper extremity in right-handed and left-handed persons during writing. [Subjects] There
were 36 subjects (16 left- handers/ 20 right- handers), and the study was conducted from
03/01/2012 to 30/3/2012. [Methods] Six electrodes were attached to the FCU (flexor carpi
ulnaris), FCR (flexor carpi radialis), ECU (extensor carpi ulnaris), ECR (extensor carpi
radialis), and both UT (upper trapezius) muscles. [Results] FCU muscle activation was
16.77±9.12% in left-handers and 10.29±4.13% (%MVIC) in right-handers. FCR muscle
activation was 19.09±9.43% in left-handers and 10.64±5.03% in right-handers. In addition,
the UT muscle activation on the writing hand side was 11.91±5.79% in left-handers and
1.66±1.19% in right-handers. [Conclusion] As a result of this study, it was discovered
that left-handers used more wrist flexion in performance of the writing task with the
dominant upper extremity than right-handers, and that the left-handers activated the wrist
and shoulder muscles more than the right-handers. These results indicate a potential
danger of musculoskeletal disease in left-hander.Key words: Hand function, Left-hander, Muscle activation 相似文献
18.
Su-kyoung Lee 《Journal of Physical Therapy Science》2013,25(11):1397-1399
[Purpose] The present study examined the activity and the gait characteristics of the
gluteus medius and the trunk stability muscles during the stance phase of gait on level
ground when a vertical load corresponding to 0%, 1%, or 2% of body weight was placed on
the lower extremities during the swing phase of the gait. [Methods] The subjects were 40
young males aged between 21 and 30 years. The vertical load, corresponding to 0%, 1%, 2%
of weight, which was measured with an electronic scale, was placed bilaterally 3 cm above
from the upper part of the lateral malleous. Electrodes were symmetrically attached to the
gluteus medius, erector spinae, external oblique, and internal oblique muscles. [Results]
There were significant differences in the activities of the left gluteus medius, bilateral
external oblique, and right internal oblique muscles among the vertical loads of 0%, 1%,
and 2% during gait. [Conclusion] Increases in vertical load were accompanied by changes in
the activities of the internal and external oblique abdominal muscles to ensure the
stability of the trunk under the different loads. Gait was only possible with the activity
of the gluteus medius muscle and the trunk muscles resisting the different vertical loads
rather than activating other muscles of the lower extremities in terms of energy
efficiency.Key words: Vertical load, Gait, Gluteus medius 相似文献
19.
Sudarat Borisut Mantana Vongsirinavarat Roongtiwa Vachalathiti Prasert Sakulsriprasert 《Journal of Physical Therapy Science》2013,25(9):1157-1162
[Purpose] To compare muscle activities and pain levels of females with chronic neck pain
receiving different exercise programs. [Subjects and Methods] One hundred females with
chronic neck pain participated in this study. They were randomly allocated into 4 groups
(n = 25) on the basis of the exercises performed as follows: strength-endurance exercise,
craniocervical flexion exercise, combination of strength-endurance and craniocervical
flexion exercise and control groups. Pain, disability levels and changes in the muscle
activities of the cervical erector spinae (CE), sternocleidomastoid (SCM), anterior
scalenes (AS) and upper trapezius (UT) muscles were evaluated before and after the
interventions. [Results] After 12 weeks of exercise intervention, all three exercise
groups showed improvements in pain and disability. The muscle activities during the typing
task were significantly different from the control group in all three exercise groups for
all muscles except those of the extensor muscles in the craniocervical flexion exercise
group. [Conclusion] The results of this study indicate that exercises for the cervical
muscles improve pain and disability. The exercise programs reduced the activities of
almost all cervical muscles.Key words: Chronic neck pain, Exercise, Muscle activity 相似文献
20.
[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to compare H-reflex characteristics during gait
of hemiplegic stroke patients. [Subjects] Twenty-five patients and age-matched twenty-five
volunteers in good health were studied. All the subjects could walk independently.
[Methods] An MP150 (BIOPAC Systems, Inc., Goleta, CA, USA) was used to record the
electromyography (EMG) data collected with Ag-Ag/Cl measurement electrodes (BIOPAC,
diameter of 2 cm). [Results] The comparison showed significant differences of
Hmax/Mmax ratio (%) in all gait cycles between the stroke group
and the control group. [Conclusion] In conclusion, this study furnished basic reference
data for gait strategies and functional training programs for hemiplegic stroke
patients.Key words: H-reflex, Gait, Hemiplegia 相似文献