参苓白术散联合美沙拉嗪对脾虚湿困型溃疡性结肠炎小鼠结肠组织NF-κB p65蛋白表达及炎症反应的影响

目的探讨参苓白术散联合美沙拉嗪对脾虚湿困型溃疡性结肠炎(UC)小鼠结肠组织核因子-κB p65(NF-κB p65)蛋白表达及炎症反应的影响。方法随机选择20只小鼠作为空白对照组,82只小鼠使用TNBS法(三硝基苯磺酸)及环境和饮食干预法构建脾虚湿困型UC模型,选择2只小鼠判断造模是否成功,剩余80只随机分为模型组、西药组、中药组和联合组各20只,西药组给予美沙拉嗪0. 2 g/(kg·d),中药组给予参苓白术散煎剂12 g/(kg·d),联合组给予相同剂量的美沙拉嗪和参苓白术散煎剂联合治疗,模型组和空白对照组给予等量生理盐水,1次/d,连续21 d。取小鼠结肠组织制作病理切片,使用ELISA法检测血清中白细胞介素-17(IL-17)、肿瘤杀伤因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-23(IL-23)水平,RT-PCR法检测NF-κB p65 mRNA表达量,免疫组化法检测NF-κB p65蛋白表达。结果西药组、中药组和联合组小鼠结肠黏膜形态均好于模型组。模型组结肠组织NF-κB p65 mRNA相对表达量、NF-κB p65蛋白表达、血清IL-17、TNF-α、IL-23均明显高于空白对照组(P 0. 05);西药组、中药组和联合组中结肠组织NF-κB p65 mRNA相对表达量、NF-κB p65蛋白表达、血清IL-17、TNF-α、IL-23均低于模型组(P 0. 05),联合组结肠组织NF-κB p65 mRNA相对表达量、NF-κB p65蛋白表达、血清IL-17、TNF-α、IL-23低于西药组和中药组(P 0. 05),西药组和中药组各项指标比较差异无统计学意义(P 0. 05)。结论参苓白术散联合美沙拉嗪通过调节NF-κB p65蛋白表达和炎症因子水平,从而促进结肠黏膜修复,改善脾虚湿困型溃疡性结肠炎小鼠症状。     

木香烃内酯对溃疡性结肠炎小鼠肠道免疫炎症的影响及其机制

目的:观察木香烃内酯对溃疡性结肠炎(UC)小鼠肠道菌群及Th1/Th2失衡的影响.方法:将50只C57BL/6小鼠随机分为空白组、模型组、柳氮磺胺吡啶(SASP)组,木香烃内酯低剂量、高剂量组,每组10只.采用DSS法建立UC模型,SASP组及木香烃内酯低、高剂量组连续灌胃相应药物7 d,观察小鼠一般状况、疾病活动度指数(DAI)和结肠长度变化;HE染色观察结肠组织形态学改变;细菌培养鉴定法比较粪便中大肠杆菌、双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌的数量;ELISA测定血清IL-6、TNF-α、IL-10水平,RT-qPCR检测结肠组织IL-6、TNF-α、IL-10的mRNA表达;Western blotting检测结肠组织TLR-4、NF-κB p65的蛋白表达.结果:与空白组比较,模型组小鼠DAI评分显著升高,结肠长度明显缩短,结肠黏膜结构损伤严重,炎性细胞浸润明显,粪便中大肠杆菌数值明显增多,双歧杆菌及乳酸杆菌数量明显减少,IL-6、TNF-α血清和结肠组织的mRNA水平明显升高,IL-10水平和mRNA表达显著降低,结肠组织中TLR-4、NF-κBp65的蛋白表达量明显增多(均P＜0.01);与模型组相比,木香烃内酯灌胃干预显著降低了UC小鼠DAI评分,明显增长了结肠长度,结肠组织病理损伤有效改善,粪便中大肠杆菌数值减少,双歧杆菌及乳酸杆菌数量增加,降低了IL-6、TNF-α的血清水平和结肠组织mRNA表达,升高IL-10水平和mRNA表达,同时降低了结肠组织TLR-4、NF-κB p65的蛋白表达(P＜0.01或P＜0.05).结论:木香烃内酯对UC小鼠症状具有明显的改善作用,其机制可能与改善肠道菌群状态,调节Th1/Th2细胞因子平衡,抑制TLR4/NF-κB的激活相关.     

氧化苦参碱对感染性休克大鼠心肌组织细胞因子的影响

目的 探讨氧化苦参碱对感染性休克大鼠心肌组织核因子-κB（NF-κB）等细胞因子的影响。方法 采用大鼠盲肠结扎穿孔法制备大鼠感染性休克模型。造模后56只SD大鼠随机分为假手术组,氧化苦参碱对照组,模型组,氧化苦参碱高、中、低剂量（52、26、13 mg/kg）组、地塞米松阳性对照（10 mg/kg）组,各组给药1次。采用RT-PCR法测定心肌组织NF-κB（p65）mRNA的表达;Western blotting法测定心肌组织NF-κB（p65）及IκB-α的表达;放射免疫分析法测定心肌组织匀浆中肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）及白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）量的改变。结果 氧化苦参碱能显著抑制大鼠心肌组织NF-κB（p65）mRNA的表达及NF-κB（p65）和IkB-α的活性（P＜0.05）,降低心肌组织匀浆中TNF-α及IL-1β的量（P＜0.05）。结论 氧化苦参碱能通过抑制NF-κB（p65）mRNA的表达及诱导NF-κB激酶（NF-κB-inducing kinase,NIK）的活化,抑制细菌、病毒等对NF-κB的激活作用,减少TNF-α、IL-1β等促炎因子的表达,进而对感染性休克大鼠心肌损伤性病变发挥治疗作用。     

愈肠栓对溃疡性结肠炎大鼠PPARγ/NF-κB信号通路的影响

目的:探讨愈肠栓对实验性溃疡性结肠炎大鼠的治疗作用及PPARγ/NF-κB信号通路的影响。方法:采用2.4.6-三硝基苯磺酸(TNBS)/乙醇法复制UC大鼠模型,随机分为正常对照组、模型组、愈肠栓高剂量组、愈肠栓中剂量组、愈肠栓低剂量组和柳氮磺吡啶栓组,每组8只。治疗14 d后,观察大鼠一般状况并进行疾病活动指数评分,ELISA法检测大鼠血清TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6含量变化;取结肠标本观察结肠黏膜损伤指数(CMDI)评分及结肠病理组织学变化;RT-PCR、Western blot法检测结肠组织中PPARγ、NF-κB基因及蛋白表达。结果:与正常对照组比较,模型组大鼠DAI、CMDI评分以及血清TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6含量、结肠组织NF-κB p65 mRNA和蛋白表达水平显著增加(P<0.01),PPAR-γmRNA和蛋白表达水平显著减少(P<0.01)。而SASP栓组及愈肠栓各剂量组IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α的含量及结肠组织NF-κB p65 mRNA和蛋白的表达水平均低于模型组,PPARγmRNA和蛋白的表达水平高于模型组(P<0.01～0.05)。在对大鼠结肠黏膜组织NF-κB p65、PPAR-γ基因和蛋白表达的改善方面,愈肠栓高剂量组和中剂量组明显优于低剂量组(P<0.01～0.05)。结论:愈肠栓对UC模型大鼠症状及病理组织学有明显的改善作用,其机制可能是通过激活PPARγ,阻断NF-κB信号通路活化,下调TNF-α、IL-1β等炎症因子的表达,使炎症反应减轻或消除,从而达到治疗UC作用。     

参苓白术散对脾虚湿困型溃疡性结肠炎大鼠结肠组织NF-κB p65蛋白表达及相关炎性因子的影响

目的探讨参苓白术散对脾虚湿困型溃疡性结肠炎(UC)大鼠结肠组织NF-κB p65蛋白表达及相关炎性因子的影响。方法将48只Wistar大鼠按照随机数字表分为正常组、模型组、柳氮磺吡啶组、参苓白术散组,每组12只,脾虚湿困型溃疡性结肠炎大鼠模型采用三硝基苯磺酸(trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid,TNBS)/乙醇灌肠结合环境与饮食干预法复制,运用免疫组织化学法检测并比较各组大鼠结肠组织NF-κB p65蛋白表达,ELISA法测定血清IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α水平的变化。结果模型组大鼠NF-κB p65蛋白表达及IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α水平明显高于正常组(P0.05),参苓白术散组和柳氮磺吡啶组较模型组显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),参苓白术散组与柳氮磺吡啶组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论参苓白术散可以明显改善UC大鼠结肠组织中NF-κB p65蛋白表达及血清IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α水平,促进肠黏膜的修复。     

基于NF-κB信号通路探究狼疮定对红斑狼疮MRL/lpr小鼠炎症反应的调节作用

[目的] 研究狼疮定对系统性红斑狼疮(systemic lupus erythematosus，SLE)MRL/lpr小鼠炎症反应的影响，并分析其对核因子-κB(nuclear factor-κB，NF-κB)信号通路的调节作用。[方法] 将12只MRL/lpr小鼠随机分为模型组(6只)、干预组(6只)，另选取C57BL/6小鼠6只为对照组。干预组灌胃给予0.1 mL/10 g狼疮定浓缩液，对照组、模型组给予等体积0.9%氯化钠溶液，所有动物均干预8周。给药前后分别测定血清炎性因子白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6，IL-6)、α-干扰素(interferon-α，IFN-α)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α，TNF-α)及NF-κB信号通路相关蛋白NF-κB抑制蛋白α(NF-κB inhibitor ɑ，IκBα)、NF-κB抑制蛋白α p50(NF-κB inhibitor ɑ p50，IκBαp50)、NF-κB抑制蛋白α p65(NF-κB inhibitor ɑ p65，IκBαp65)表达水平，采用扩增阻碍突变系统-聚合酶链式反应(amplification refractory mutation system Real time fluorescence-quantitative polymerase chain reaction，ARMS-q PCR)检测NF-κB信号通路相关mRNA表达情况。通过苏木精-伊红染色检测肾组织损伤情况，采用免疫印迹法检测肾组织中炎性因子表达水平。[结果] 与对照组比较，模型组血清炎性因子IL-6、IFN-α、TNF-α、NF-κB信号通路相关蛋白(IκBα、IκBαp50、IκBαp65)水平、NF-κB信号通路相关mRNA(IκBα、IκBαp50、IκBαp65)水平均显著升高(P<0.05)，肾组织中IL-6、IFN-α、TNF-α表达水平升高(P<0.05)。模型组小鼠肾组织损伤明显，主要表现为肾小管扩张，肾小球硬化，结构严重破坏，且肾小球、肾小管周围出现明显的炎症反应。干预后，MRL/lpr小鼠血清各指标水平均出现明显降低(P<0.05)，肾组织炎性损伤较模型组减轻。[结论] 狼疮定可抑制MRL/lpr小鼠炎症反应，从而减轻炎性肾损伤，其作用机制可能与下调NF-κB信号通路有关。     

原花青素对CLA大鼠足爪组织中NF-κB／p6S蛋白和血清中某些促炎性细胞因子表达的影响

目的研究原花青素对Ⅱ型胶原诱导的类风湿性关节炎（CIA）大鼠足爪组织中核转录因子NF-κB／p65蛋白表达的抑制作用和血清中炎性细胞因子IL-1β、TNF-α等水平的影响。方法建立Ⅱ型胶原诱导的CIA大鼠模型，免疫组化法检测足爪组织中NF-κB／p65蛋白的表达，ELISA法检测CIA大鼠血清中IL-1β和TNF-α的含量。结果原花青素能剂量依赖性地下调NF-κB／p65蛋白的表达，降低CIA大鼠血清中TNF-α和IL-1β的水平。结论原花青素对CIA大鼠炎症的抑制作用可能与其下调NF—KB／p65蛋白表达、降低促炎性细胞因子TNF-α、IL-1β的水平有关。     

基于STAT-3/NF-κB/ICAM-1通路探讨丹皮酚缓解小鼠结肠炎相关性结直肠癌的作用机制

目的 从STAT-3/NF-κB/ICAM-1信号通路探讨丹皮酚缓解小鼠结肠“炎—癌转化”的机制。方法 构建结肠“炎—癌转化”小鼠模型,ELISA法检测小鼠血清肿瘤坏死因子α（tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α）、白细胞介素6（interleukin-6,IL-6）、白细胞介素1β（interleukin-1β,IL-1β）和白细胞介素10（interleukin-10,IL-10）水平,Western blot法和免疫组织化学染色法检测小鼠结肠组织内信号转导及转录激活因子3（signal transdncers and activators of transduction-3,STAT-3）、核因子-κB（nuclear factor κB,NF-κB）p65和细胞间黏附分子1（intercellular adhesion molecule-1,ICAM-1）蛋白表达水平。结果 光学显微镜下可见丹皮酚治疗组小鼠结肠的炎症细胞浸润、腺体紊乱等病变明显减轻。丹皮酚可显著降低肿瘤数量、肿瘤质量及脾脏指数（P<0.05）,显著降低模型小鼠血清TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β水平（P＜0.05）,显著升高血清IL-10水平（P＜0.05）,显著降低小鼠结肠STAT-3、NF-κB p65和ICAM-1的表达水平（P＜0.05）,其中以丹皮酚中剂量组的作用为优（P＜0.05）。结论 丹皮酚能有效缓解小鼠溃疡性结肠炎的炎症反应,其作用机制与调节STAT-3/NF-κB/ICAM-1信号通路有关。     

四神丸对脾肾阳虚型溃疡性结肠炎大鼠血清炎症因子及结肠组织核因子κB p65的影响

目的观察四神丸对脾肾阳虚型溃疡性结肠炎(UC)大鼠血清白细胞介素-8(IL-8)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)含量及结肠组织核因子κB(NF-κB) p65蛋白表达的影响,从而探讨四神丸治疗脾肾阳虚型溃疡性结肠炎的作用机制。方法采用随机数字表法将大鼠分为空白组,模型组,阳性对照组,四神丸高、中、低剂量组6组,采用"病-证结合"的方法制备脾肾阳虚型UC大鼠模型,各组给予相应药物灌胃。观察各组大鼠结肠黏膜损伤情况并评分,采用酶联免疫法(ELISA)和免疫组化SP法分别检测各组大鼠血清IL-8、TNF-α的含量及结肠组织NF-κB p65蛋白的表达水平。结果与空白组比较,模型组大鼠结肠黏膜损伤评分,血清IL-8、TNF-α含量均明显升高,结肠组织NF-κB p65蛋白表达明显增强,差异均有统计学意义(P0.01);与模型组比较,各治疗组(阳性对照组及四神丸高、中、低剂量组)大鼠结肠黏膜损伤评分,血清IL-8、TNF-α含量均明显降低,阳性对照组及四神丸中、高剂量组结肠组织NF-κB p65蛋白表达明显下调,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05或P0.01)。结论四神丸可明显降低脾肾阳虚型UC模型大鼠血清IL-8、TNF-α的含量,下调结肠组织NF-κB p65蛋白的表达,改善结肠黏膜损伤。     

久泻灵颗粒对脾肾阳虚型溃疡性结肠炎大鼠TLR4、NF-κB p65表达的影响

目的 探讨久泻灵颗粒对脾肾阳虚型溃疡性结肠炎模型大鼠结肠组织中TLR4、NF-κB p65蛋白基因的表达的影响。方法 通过灌服大黄水煎液,肌肉注射氢化可的松并结合TNBS（2,4,6-三硝基苯磺酸）混合乙醇灌肠建立动物模型。将90只大鼠随机分为空白组、模型组、久泻灵颗粒治疗7天、14天、21天组及阳性对照（SASP）组,用药治疗后采用免疫组化SP法和RT-qPCR法分别检测大鼠结肠组织中TLR4、NF-κB p65蛋白和基因的表达。结果: 结肠粘膜形态学评分结果显示,各治疗组评分均有降低,差异显著（P <0.01）;免疫组化SP法结果显示：TLR4、NF-κB p65在模型组大鼠中表达均显著增强（P<0.01）;药物干预后各治疗组大鼠TLR4、NF-κB p65表达均减弱（P<0.05）;RT-qPCR法结果显示：与空白组比较,模型组大鼠TLR4、NF-κB p65表达增强（P<0.01）;与模型组比较,治疗后各组大鼠TLR4、NF-κB p65表达减弱（P<0.05）。结论 久泻灵颗粒可减轻了结肠粘膜炎症反应,起到了修复粘膜的作用,其原因与降低脾肾阳虚型UC模型大鼠结肠组织中 TLR4、NF-κB p65基因的转录和蛋白的表达有关。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.