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Helmut Farbmacher 《Health economics》2013,22(11):1398-1404
Hurdle models are frequently used to model count data. Recent developments in the count data literature make it possible to relax commonly imposed assumptions of these models. On the basis of these findings, two extensions of hurdle models that make popular specifications more flexible are developed. Both extensions nest the models that have been used so far, so they can be tested by appropriate parametric restrictions. An example from health economics illustrates the relevance of both model extensions. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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从需方的需求行为研究出发,分析职工医疗保险制度改革后的需求行为变化,从需方入手重塑医疗保障的微观基础,推动整个医疗保险体系持续、稳定、协调发展。 相似文献
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Equal access for poor populations to health services is a comprehensive objective for any health reform. The Colombian health reform addressed this issue through a segmented progressive social health insurance approach. The strategy was to assure universal coverage expanding the population covered through payroll linked insurance, and implementing a subsidized insurance program for the poorest populations, those not affiliated through formal employment. A prospective study was performed to follow-up health service utilization and out-of-pocket expenses using a cohort design. It was representative of four Colombian cities (Cendex Health Services Use and Expenditure Study, 2001). A four part econometric model was applied. The model related medical service utilization and medication with different socioeconomic, geographic, and risk associated variables. Results showed that subsidized health insurance improves health service utilization and reduces the financial burden for the poorest, as compared to those non-insured. Other social health insurance schemes preserved high utilization with variable out-of-pocket expenditures. Family and age conditions have significant effect on medical service utilization. Geographic variables play a significant role in hospital inpatient service utilization. Both, geographic and income variables also have significant impact on out-of-pocket expenses. Projected utilization rates and a simulation favor a dual policy for two-stage income segmented insurance to progress towards the universal insurance goal. 相似文献
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安徽省肥西农村地区卫生服务需求调查分析 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
目的 了解安徽省农村卫生服务需求及卫生服务利用情况。方法 采用整群随机抽样方法,抽取3077人进行问卷调查;用两周患病率和慢性病患病率两项指标评价卫生服务需求情况。结果 总两周患病率为94.37‰,男性两周患病率为91.13‰.女性两周患病率为98.00‰,男、女间差异无显性.其趋势与全国趋势相一致。两周患病率前5位依次为呼吸系统、消化系统、循环系统、血液系统及肌肉骨骼系统和结缔组织疾病,5大系统合计占疾病总数的90.52%。慢性病患病前5位依次是:慢性胃肠炎、类风湿性关节炎、慢性支气管炎、高血压、贫血。在性别上慢性病患病率女性高于男性,但差异无显性。随着年龄的增加慢性病患病率明显增加,由0~4a组的l0.02‰增加到65a以上组的343.82‰。本次调查发现盲或半盲慢性病患病率最高,不同化程度慢性病患病率差异有显性,大专及以上患病率较低。结论 政府和卫生主管部门应根据本地具体情况采取相应的卫生政策和办医形式,以满足农民高的卫生服务需求量。 相似文献
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本文阐述商业健康保险作用于医疗卫生服务的理论基础,分析商业健康保险对医疗卫生服务的作用及其不足的原因,对商业健康保险发挥在其医疗卫生服务中的作用提出对策建议,为发展商业健康保险促进医疗卫生服务提供了理论借鉴。 相似文献
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医疗保险作为我国社会保险制度的重要组成部分,其能否有效改善参保人的健康水平及医疗服务利用状况一直是国内外学者们争论的焦点。本研究基于2005—2018年中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查的五期平衡面板数据,运用固定效应模型等方法,分析城乡居民医保对参保老年人健康水平及医疗服务利用状况的影响。研究发现,参加城乡居民医保并不能有效改善老年人的健康水平,但却可以改善他们的医疗服务利用状况,且对身体健康状况出现恶化的老年人影响更大。除此之外,本文并未发现支持城乡居民医保影响存在滞后的证据。基于此,本文认为我国城乡居民医保制度的实际效果与其预期目标间仍存在一定的差距。在我国医保扩面工作已取得长足进展的基础上,未来我国的城乡居民医保制度建设应将重心转移至进一步提高保障水平、实现可持续发展上,提升城乡居民医保的综合待遇,重视发挥医保的疾病预防功能。 相似文献
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忠县农村卫生服务需要与利用及卫生适宜技术推广的必要性 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
[目的]了解重庆市忠县农村居民的健康水平、卫生服务的需要和利用现状,为农村卫生适宜技术推广的必要性提供依据。[方法]采用现场调查研究,通过多阶段分层整群随机抽样,对忠县农村居民600户进行统一问卷调查。[结果]与全国农村平均水平相比,忠县农村居民的卫生服务呈现高需要量、低利用率、利用主要在基层医疗机构的特点。[结论]为了满足忠县农村居民的卫生服务需要,提高其对卫生服务的利用,该县应进一步健全医疗保障制度,在基层医疗卫生机构推广卫生适宜技术。 相似文献
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医保基金作为医疗机构赖以生存和发展的资源,在县域却呈现出结构性摩擦的发展态势。本研究通过对战略性购买和医保系统功能关系辨析,明确了支付的核心地位,以及基金分配与服务补偿的作用;通过对县域医保基金与基层服务失衡原因的剖析,明确了县域医疗服务的战略性购买需兼顾支付的前端——分配,以及服务的前端——基层。在此基础上,探索性提出了县域基层医保战略性购买,通过改变基金分配方式,以切断医院与基层间基金“竞争”渠道;调整服务补偿方式,以引领基层主动识别并满足县域居民服务需要变化;辅之以“医保+卫健”联动宣讲、协同监管等措施,逐步推动县域基层卫生服务从可持续发展迈入高质量发展。 相似文献
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目的:分析新疆生产建设兵团城镇职工基本医疗保险参保人口医疗服务利用的变化情况,为进一步发展和完善兵团城镇职工基本医疗保险提供依据。方法:利用兵团2004年和2010年两次卫生服务调查资料,对参保人口的卫生服务需要、卫生服务利用和医疗费用变化进行分析。结果:2004年与2010年相比,参保职工两周患病率由211.8‰上升到390.2‰,两周就诊率由81.6‰上升至95.0‰,年住院率由106.9‰上升至145.9‰,未住院率由19.4%下降到14.1%,经济困难是未利用住院服务的主要原因,次均就诊费用年增长率为4.1%,次均住院费用年增长率为5.7%。结论:兵团城镇职工基本医疗保险制度一定程度地促进了职工对门诊及住院医疗服务的利用,但医疗费用增长较快,补偿水平不高,尚不能完全保障职工合理的医疗服务需求。 相似文献
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Angel Lpez-Nicols 《Health economics》1998,7(5):429-437
In this paper we estimate a demand for private medical services equation based on the tradition of Grossman′s model of demand for health using data for a panel of Spanish households. The econometric specification accounts for the censored nature of the data, which arises from no participation and infrequency of purchases, and the existence of unobserved heterogeneity, which arises from the non-observability of health states. Our evidence suggests that ignoring these features can have a significant impact on the size, sign and significance of the model estimates. The estimates for the participation and consumption processes also suggest that the deduction of expenditures on health care currently applicable in the Spanish tax system are positively associated to income and fertility. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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This paper reconsiders the equity issue in Swedish health care utilization previously analysed by Gerdtham (Health Econ 1997; 6: 303-319) within the framework of the standard two-part model. Departing from the user/non-user distinction, we use the more flexible framework of the finite mixture model that distinguishes between frequent/infrequent users. Our results indicate that the support for the inequity hypothesis reported by Gerdtham is sensitive to model specification and the way standard errors of coefficients are estimated. The new framework offers an alternative perspective on the magnitude of the income-related difference in health care utilization. 相似文献
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Understanding health care utilization is important to design efficient and effective health systems. Toward this end, we develop a relatively simple and intuitively appealing microeconometric framework to analyse health care utilization and illustrate its use with recent Canadian microdata. We find that health care utilization consists of distinct stochastic processes requiring the use of two stochastic regression models. In particular, the latent class modelling framework is the superior statistical framework if the data permit modelling unobserved heterogeneity and overdispersion. In many instances, results differ for the classes of high and low users of health care services. 相似文献
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分析比较陕西省不同社会医疗保险参保人群卫生服务需要与利用的差别,采用陕西省第4次卫生服务调查数据,利用直接标准化法计算不同社会医疗保险参保人群的卫生服务需要和卫生服务利用指标,探讨不同社会医疗保险参保人群卫生服务需要与利用的特点和成因,为进一步完善我国社会医疗保险制度提供参考。 相似文献
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Mathauer I Schmidt JO Wenyaa M 《The International journal of health planning and management》2008,23(1):51-68
This paper contributes to analysing and understanding the demand for (social) health insurance of informal sector workers in Kenya by assessing their perceptions and knowledge of and concerns regarding health insurance and the Kenyan National Hospital Insurance Fund (NHIF). It serves to explore how informal sector workers could be integrated into the NHIF. To collect data, focus group discussions were held with organized groups of informal sector workers of different types across the country, backed up by a self-administered questionnaire completed by heads of NHIF area branch offices. It was found that the most critical barrier to NHIF enrollment is the lack of knowledge of informal sector workers about the NHIF, its enrollment option and procedures for informal sector workers. Inability to pay is a critical factor for some, but people were, in principle, interested in health insurance, and thus willing to pay for it. In sum, the mix of demand-side determinants for enrolling in the NHIF is not as complex as expected. This is good news, as these demand-side determinants can be addressed with a well-designed strategy, focusing on awareness raising and information, improvement of insurance design features and setting differentiated and affordable contribution rates. 相似文献
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Cost-sharing for emergency care and unfavorable clinical events: findings from the safety and financial ramifications of ED copayments study 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Hsu J Price M Brand R Ray GT Fireman B Newhouse JP Selby JV 《Health services research》2006,41(5):1801-1820
Objective. To evaluate the effect of emergency department (ED) copayment levels on ED use and unfavorable clinical events. Data Source/Study Setting. Kaiser Permanente–Northern California (KPNC), a prepaid integrated delivery system. Study Design. In a quasi‐experimental longitudinal study with concurrent controls, we estimated rates of ED visits, hospitalizations, ICU admissions, and deaths associated with higher ED copayments relative to no copayment, using Poisson random effects and proportional hazard models, controlling for patient characteristics. The study period began in January 1999; more than half of the population experienced an employer‐chosen increase in their ED copayment in January 2000. Data Collection/Extraction Methods. Using KPNC automated databases, the 2000 U.S. Census, and California state death certificates, we collected data on ED visits and unfavorable clinical events over a 36‐month period (January 1999 through December 2001) among 2,257,445 commercially insured and 261,091 Medicare insured health system members. Principal Findings. Among commercially insured subjects, ED visits decreased 12 percent with the $20–35 copayment (95 percent confidence interval [CI]: 11–13 percent), and 23 percent with the $50–100 copayment (95 percent CI: 23–24 percent) compared with no copayment. Hospitalizations, ICU admissions, and deaths did not increase with copayments. Hospitalizations decreased 4 percent (95 percent CI: 2–6 percent) and 10 percent (95 percent CI: 7–13 percent) with ED copayments of $20–35 and $50–100, respectively, compared with no copayment. Among Medicare subjects, ED visits decreased by 4 percent (95 percent CI: 3–6 percent) with the $20–50 copayments compared with no copayment; unfavorable clinical events did not increase with copayments, e.g., hospitalizations were unchanged (95 percent CI: ?3 percent to +2 percent) with $20–50 ED copayments compared with no copayment. Conclusions. Relatively modest levels of patient cost‐sharing for ED care decreased ED visit rates without increasing the rate of unfavorable clinical events. 相似文献
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Chad D. Meyerhoefer Samuel H. Zuvekas Bita Fayaz Farkhad John F. Moeller Richard J. Manski 《Health economics》2019,28(9):1151-1158
Many older Americans have poor access to dental care, resulting in a high prevalence of oral health problems. Because traditional Medicare does not include dental care benefits, only older Americans who are employed, have post‐retirement dental benefits or spousal coverage, or enroll in certain Medicare Advantage plans are able to obtain dental care coverage. We seek to determine the extent to which poor access to dental insurance and high out‐of‐pocket costs affect dental service use by the elderly. Using the 2007–2015 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey and supplemental data on dental care prices, we estimate a demand system for preventive dental services and basic and major restorative services. Selection into dental and medical insurance is addressed using a correlated random effects panel data specification. Consistent with prior studies of the nonelderly population, dental service use was not sensitive to out‐of‐pocket prices. However, private dental insurance increased preventive service use by 25%, and dental coverage through Medicaid increased basic and major service use by 23% and 36%, respectively. The use of services was more responsive to dental insurance for women than men. These estimates suggest that a Medicare dental benefit could significantly increase dental service use by older Americans. 相似文献
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Studies of the demand for health insurance by elderly persons often inadequately address the distinctions between those who receive insurance through a former employer and those who purchase insurance on their own. The failure to distinguish these two modes of supplementing Medicare can lead to an inability to identify the effects of important independent variables. Using data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation this paper examines the demand for employer provided health insurance among retired pensioners using a bivariate probit model with partial observability and compares these results to other models of insurance demand among elderly persons. The results indicate that unobserved factors reducing the probability of being offered employer provided insurance are associated with increased acceptance. A comparison of the employer provided results with results from other models of the demand for privately purchased insurance indicates that different independent variables may determine the probability of having these types of insurance. Previous studies of insurance that have not distinguished between these two types of insurance may not provide reliable estimates of the relationship between independent variables and the probability of insurance coverage. 相似文献