奥硝唑氯化钠注射液与拉氧头孢钠配伍稳定性考察

目的 考察奥硝唑氯化钠注射液与拉氧头孢钠配伍的稳定性.方法 采用紫外分光光度法,考察不同时间下配伍液中两种药物的含量变化、配伍液的不溶性微粒检测及外观和pH值的变化.结果 在室温下,8h内配伍液澄明,奥硝唑含量无变化,拉氧头孢钠含量稍有下降,pH值略微变化.结论 奥硝唑氯化钠注射液与注射用拉氧头孢钠可配伍,8h内稳定.     

奥硝唑氯化钠注射液与拉氧头孢钠的配伍稳定性考察

目的考察奥硝唑氯化钠注射液与拉氧头孢钠的配伍稳定性。方法采用紫外分光光度法测定奥硝唑氯化钠注射液与拉氧头孢钠配伍后在不同时间的含量变化,并考察其pH值、外观及不溶性微粒。结果在室温下放置8h内配伍液澄明,奥硝唑含量无明显变化,拉氧头孢钠含量稍有下降,pH值略微变化。结论奥硝唑氯化钠注射液与注射用拉氧头孢钠可配伍应用。     

拉氧头孢钠与奥硝唑氯化钠注射液配伍的稳定性考察

目的考察拉氧头孢钠与奥硝唑氯化钠注射液配伍的稳定性。方法采用紫外分光光度法考察不同时间下配伍液中拉氧头孢钠与奥硝唑的含量变化，以及配伍液中不溶性微粒数、配伍液外观和pH值等的变化。结果在室温下，8h内配伍液澄明，无沉淀产生，配伍液的吸收曲线未发生变化，奥硝唑和拉氧头孢钠的含量和pH值均无明显变化。结论拉氧头孢钠与奥硝唑氯化钠注射液可配伍使用。     

头孢美唑与奥硝唑氯化钠注射液配伍的稳定性考察

目的:考察注射用头孢美唑与奥硝唑/氯化钠注射液配伍后的稳定性。方法:采用紫外分光光度法测定注射用头孢美唑与奥硝唑/氯化钠注射液配伍后的质量浓度,同时观察配伍液的外观性状变化,并测定pH值。结果:室温条件下8h内配伍液的外观性状、pH值及头孢美唑与奥硝唑的质量浓度均无明显变化。结论:注射用头孢美唑与奥硝唑/氯化钠注射液在临床应用中可配伍使用。     

头孢匹胺钠与奥硝唑氯化钠注射液配伍稳定性研究

目的考察注射用头孢匹胺钠与奥硝唑氯化钠注射液配伍的稳定性。方法在室温（20℃）下采用紫外分光光度法测定注射用头孢匹胺钠与奥硝唑氯化钠注射液配伍后6h内不同时间点的含量，并观察配伍液的外观及pH值变化。结果两药配伍后6h内的含量、pH值及外观均无明显变化。结论注射用头孢匹胺钠与奥硝唑氯化钠注射液可在配伍后6h内使用。     

注射用头孢硫脒与奥硝唑氯化钠注射液的稳定性考察

目的：考察注射用头孢硫脒与奥硝唑氯化钠注射液配伍后的稳定性。方法：在25℃室温条件下，模拟临床用药浓度，测定注射用头孢硫脒与奥硝唑氯化钠注射液配伍后8h内的含量和pH变化，并观察配伍液的外观变化。结果：配伍8h内头孢硫脒与奥硝唑的含量、配伍液pH以及外观均无明显变化。结论：注射用头孢硫脒与奥硝唑氯化钠注射液配伍后在室温下8h内的含量、pH及性状稳定。     

五水头孢唑啉钠与奥硝唑氯化钠注射液配伍稳定性考察

目的考察五水头孢唑啉钠与奥硝唑配伍的稳定性。方法在室温下（25℃）观察8h内注射用五水头孢唑啉钠（51mg／L）与奥硝唑氯化钠注射液（20mg／L）配伍液的pH值、外观及紫外光谱的变化，用紫外双波长分光光度法及系数倍率法分别测定五水头孢唑啉钠与奥硝唑的含量。结果五水头孢唑啉钠与奥硝唑配伍液的pH值、外观、含量无明显变化。结论注射用五水头孢唑啉钠与奥硝唑氯化钠注射液的配伍液在25℃下、8h内可配伍使用。     

头孢替唑钠与盐酸氨溴索在0．9％氯化钠注射液中配伍稳定性考察

目的：考察室温（25±1）℃下,注射用头孢替唑钠与盐酸氨溴索注射液在0．9％氯化钠注射液中的配伍稳定性。方法：采用反相高效液相色谱法-二极管阵列检测器测定头孢替唑钠与盐酸氨溴索配伍后8h内各时间段的含量,同时测定pH,观察配伍液的外观变化。结果：8h内配伍液外观、pH及含量均无明显变化。结论：在室温（25±1）℃8h内,注射用头孢替唑钠与盐酸氨溴索注射液在0．9％氯化钠注射液中配伍时二者含量和pH稳定。     

注射用盐酸头孢替安与4种药物的配伍考察

目的:观察注射用盐酸头孢替安与4种常用注射液的配伍稳定性.方法:采用高效液相色谱法测定4种配伍液8 h内的头孢替安的含量,同时观察配伍液外观和pH变化.色谱柱为ODS C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,4 μm),流动相为乙腈-磷酸盐缓冲溶液pH(6.8±0.1)(15:85),检测波长为259nm.结果:除奥硝唑氯化钠注射液外,其他几种配伍液在6h内澄明,色泽无变化,pH和头孢替安含量均无明显变化.结论:注射用盐酸头孢替安与甘油果糖注射液、复方氯化钠注射液、乳酸钠林格注射液可以配伍使用,与奥硝唑氧化钠注射液不可配伍使用.     

左氧氟沙星与奥硝唑氯化钠注射液配伍稳定性考察

目的:考察左氧氟沙星与奥硝唑氯化钠注射液配伍稳定性.方法:在室温(20℃)条件下采用紫外分光光度法考察左氧氟沙星与奥硝唑配伍后在6 h内含量变化,并观察配伍液的外观及pH值变化.结果:左氧氟沙星与奥硝唑氯化钠注射液配伍后外观、pH值及含量均无明显变化.结论:左氧氟沙星与奥硝唑氯化钠注射液在6 h内可以配伍使用.     

Fondaparinux Sodium Compared with Enoxaparin Sodium

INTRODUCTION: Patients undergoing major orthopedic surgery face considerable risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE), which may be fatal unless they receive prophylactic treatment. Fondaparinux sodium is a new antithrombotic agent that is indicated for prophylaxis of VTE after major orthopedic surgery. This paper presents a cost-effectiveness analysis of fondaparinux sodium and enoxaparin sodium, the latter being the most commonly used agent for prophylaxis of VTE. METHODS: The analysis is based on an international simulation model, using Norwegian unit costs, and Norwegian data of 55 000 patients undergoing orthopedic surgery between 1999 and 2001. We estimated the expected incidence of VTE and VTE-related deaths, and expected costs of VTE-related care for each of the two prophylactic agents for different periods. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The results indicate that fondaparinux sodium is likely to be more effective than enoxaparin sodium in preventing the incidence of VTE. By day 90, fondaparinux sodium is expected to avoid 180 more VTE events, and between 8 and 33 more VTE-related deaths per 10,000 patients than enoxaparin sodium. Fondaparinux sodium is also a cost-saving option in short follow-up periods for hip fracture surgery. For extended follow-up periods (i.e. 5 years), fondaparinux sodium is also likely to represent the lower cost treatment option after total knee and hip replacement. The sensitivity analyses show that the main results are robust to changes in the most important parameters. Results are, however, sensitive to the price difference between the two drugs.     

国家食品药品监督管理局国家药品标准修订——注射用阿莫西林钠氟氯西林钠

本品为阿莫西林钠与氟氯西林钠[阿莫西林(C₁₆H₁₉N₃O₅S)与氟氯西林(C₁₉H₁₇ClFN₃O₅S)标示量之比为1:1]均匀混合制成的无菌粉末。按无水物计算,每1 mg含阿莫西林(C₁₆H₁₉N₃O₅S)和氟氯西林(C₁₉H₁₇ClFN₃O₅S)分别不得少于400 μg和436 μg。按平均装量计算,含阿莫西林(C₁₆H₁₉N₃O₅S)和氟氯西林(C₁₉H₁₇ClFN₃O₅S)均应为标示量的90.0%~110.0%。     

注射用他唑巴坦钠/哌拉西林钠

本品为哌拉西林钠和他唑巴坦钠组成的复方制剂。哌拉西林为广谱半合成着霉素类抗生素，他唑巴坦为β-内酰胺酶抑制剂。本品适用于对哌拉西林耐药，但对哌拉西林／他唑巴坦敏感的产β-内酰胺酶的细菌引起的中、重度感染，其抗菌谱包括革兰氏阴性菌、革兰氏阳性菌及厌氧菌。     

国家食品药品监督管理局国家药品标准修订件——注射用阿莫西林钠舒巴坦钠

本品为白色或类白色粉末或结晶性粉末,极易引湿。     

HPLC法测定头孢哌酮钠/舒巴坦钠中头孢哌酮钠的胆药浓度

目的:建立头孢哌酮钠/舒巴坦钠中头孢哌酮钠胆药浓度的测定方法。方法:于腹腔镜胆囊切除手术中胆囊取胆汁标本,用高效液相色谱法测定胆清中头孢哌酮钠的浓度,其中色谱柱为YWGC18,流动相为甲醇-水-冰醋酸(25.5∶74.5∶0.45),流速为1.0mL.min-1,柱温为35℃,检测波长为254nm。结果:头孢哌酮胆汁浓度在1.25~62.5μg.mL-1范围内线性关系良好(r=0.9991);平均回收率为95.14%(RSD=3.42%)。结论:本方法简便、可靠,可为临床合理用药提供依据。     

Fondaparinux Sodium

Fondaparinux sodium (fondaparinux) is a synthetic sulfated pentasaccharide anticoagulant developed from the antithrombin binding moiety of heparin. Through the activation of antithrombin it inhibits Factor Xa, the activation of thrombin, and the subsequent coagulation cascade. Fondaparinux is approved in Europe and the US for the treatment of acute venous thromboembolism (VTE), including both deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), when used in conjunction with warfarin. In phase III clinical trials, subcutaneous fondaparinux was noninferior to subcutaneous enoxaparin or intravenous unfractionated heparin (UFH) in the prevention of recurrent symptomatic VTE in patients with acute DVT and PE, respectively, and equally well tolerated. It thus provides a valuable alternative to UFH and low-molecular weight heparins in the treatment of acute VTE, particularly in the outpatient setting.     

Fondaparinux Sodium

Fondaparinux sodium (Arixtra) is a synthetic, sulfated pentasaccharide, selective factor Xa inhibitor that is indicated in Europe for preventing thrombus formation in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS; the focus of this review), including those with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), non-STEMI (NSTEMI), or unstable angina.The large (n = 20,078), well designed OASIS-5 trial showed that subcutaneous fondaparinux 2.5 mg/day for 12,000) OASIS-6 trial. There were no differences in the incidence of major bleeding between these groups, resulting in a benefit : risk balance favoring fondaparinux. The specificity and selectivity of fondaparinux, combined with its long half-life and 100% bioavailability, allows once-daily anticoagulation without the need for monitoring activated clotting time. Subcutaneous fondaparinux was noninferior to enoxaparin treatment in patients with unstable angina or NSTEMI, and was more effective than usual care in those with STEMI. Fondaparinux has a favorable tolerability profile, particularly with regard to the risk of major bleeding, and limited data suggest that it is more cost effective than enoxaparin in the short term. Thus, overall, clinical evidence suggests that fondaparinux has a valuable place in the treatment of patients with ACS.     

国家食品药品监督管理局国家药品标准修订——萘夫西林钠

本品为(2S,5R,6R)-6-(2-乙氧基-1-萘甲酰胺基)-3,3-二甲基-7-氧-4-硫杂-1-氮杂双环[3.2.0]庚烷-2-甲酸-钠-水合物。按无水物计算,含萘夫西林(C₂₁H₂₂N₂O₅S)不得少于85.5%。     

国家食品药品监督管理局国家药品标准修订件——甘氨双唑钠

本品为类白色至微黄色的结晶或结晶性粉末;无臭,味苦;遇光色渐变深。