三组性状相近应付易混的饮片辨别

目的对三组外形相近应付易混的饮片进行辨别。方法将饮片分组列出,进行性状比较并找出鉴别要点。结果配对的饮片虽然有相似之处,但还是有明显差异的,我们找出了可以快速鉴别的方法。结论中药饮片品种繁多,许多饮片性状相近,基层药房的中药师须掌握各种饮片的辨别要点。     

土茯苓饮片鉴别

目的探讨土茯苓饮片的真伪鉴别方法。方法利用土茯苓与其多种混淆品饮片的性状和显微特征等方面的不同加以鉴别。结果土茯苓真伪品之间差别明显。结论利用性状、显微特征及理化试验方面的差异,能有效地鉴别土茯苓饮片。     

应用微性状鉴定法对易混淆中药饮片的鉴别分析

目的 探讨微性状鉴别法对提高易混淆中药饮片鉴别能力的意义.方法 采用微性状鉴别法,借助相关仪器和工具对药材饮片表面肉眼不易察觉的细微性状特征进行观察分析,且拍照保存.结果 观察到半边莲和鹅不食草;地肤子和蛇床子;金钱草和积雪草;紫苏子和菟丝子;麦芽和稻芽等易混淆中药饮片的微性状鉴别特征.结论 与传统经验鉴别法相比,微性状鉴别法更能提高对中药饮片鉴别的准确性.     

几组易混中药饮片的性状鉴别

目的 探讨几组易混中药饮片的性状鉴别.方法 通过性状鉴别来区分易混淆中药饮片.结果 通过对饮片性状鉴别要点的论述,能够使中药调剂人员比较清晰的区分.结论 提高中药调剂人员对中药饮片的鉴别水平.     

车前草饮片的鉴别及总黄酮的含量测定

目的:对车前草饮片进行质量标准研究。方法:性状鉴别、显微鉴别、薄层色谱鉴别车前草饮片;测定其水分、总灰分的限度;标准曲线法以芦丁计,测定车前草饮片总黄酮的含量。结果:车前草饮片水分未超过13.0%,总灰分未超过15.0%,总黄酮以芦丁计,每克不少于6.0m g。     

天麻与掺伪品白及饮片的鉴别

目的：探讨天麻与掺伪品白及饮片的鉴别特征。方法：采用性状、显微、薄层色谱。紫外光谱的鉴别方法。结果：发现比较明显的鉴别特征。结论：为饮片鉴别提供了参考依据。     

几种中药饮片掺伪的鉴别

目的:掌握几种易掺伪中药饮片的识别方法.方法:从性状鉴别入手,结合传统经验,将正、伪品的典型特征进行比较.结果:几种常用中药饮片的正、伪品在性状鉴别上有很大差别.结论:用简单的方法,快速鉴别出真伪,可杜绝以上掺伪饮片进入市场和医院.     

白花蛇舌草及其常见伪品的鉴别

目的:对中药材白花蛇舌草及其常见伪品伞房花耳草和纤花耳草进行性状和显微鉴别研究。方法:从外观性状、组织和粉末特征进行显微鉴别。结果:白花蛇舌草与伞房花耳草、纤花耳草在茎、叶、花、果实、形态、组织及粉末显微特征方面都有较大区别。结论:白花蛇舌草与其两个常见伪品的性状和显微特征有较明显的差异,可资鉴别。     

医院中药饮片质量验收的思路与方法

中药饮片是直接用于临床配方或制剂的中药,其质量的优劣直接影响临床用药的安全有效。因此应加强饮片质量验收工作．以眼看、手摸、口尝、鼻闻、水试、火试等经验鉴别方法,辅以简单的理化鉴别,结合生药学、中药商品学、中药炮制学的相关知识。对饮片的真伪、掺杂、变质、炮制质量等情况进行检查。确实提高饮片质量验收效率和准确性．保证临床用药质量。     

藤梨根与猫人参的性状鉴别及其临床应用

目的：鉴别藤梨根及猫人参，指出其资源及临床应用中的问题。方法：药材及饮片性状鉴别及商品调查。结果：列出藤梨根及猫人参的饮片性状、鉴别特征，发现临床用药中用药部位因药用资源紧张出现不同比例的茎藤。藤梨根和猫人参目前主要用于治疗各种肿瘤。结论：应加强资源保护和合理开发，药用部位的扩大应该有科学的临床依据。     

Search for the optimal conditions for the distillation of the antibacterial agent glyciphon

Preparation of the high-boiling-point organophosphate antiblastoma agent glyciphon at maximal yield and purity was addressed at the experimental production stage by studying its vacuum distillation by mathematical modeling. The optimum conditions for performing this final stage of the technical process allowed the number of distillations to be decreased and the yield of pharmacological purity product to be increased by an average of 20%. __________ Translated from Khimiko-Farmatsevticheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 41, No. 6, pp. 35–38, June, 2007.     

Retinoids for the treatment of psoriasis: outlook for the future

Despite the demonstrated clinical success of retinoid therapy in psoriasis, its mechanism of action has not been fully elucidated, and investigators are confronted with two paradoxes. Firstly, the binding of retinoids to nuclear retinoic acid receptors (RARs) does not match their therapeutic efficacy. Secondly, formation of retinoic acid is probably increased in the psoriatic lesions. Answering these questions should result in: (i) the better use of acitretin, an oral synthetic retinoid, and tazarotene, the first compound for topical use; (ii) the development of new retinoids with specific pharmacological profile such as subtype-selective retinoids including molecules with an 'antiretinoid' activity and dissociating antiproliferative retinoids; and (iii) the better characterization of non-genomic effects of retinoids.     

老年人肾脏疾病的B超诊断研究

目的对老年人肾脏疾病采用B超进行观察分析,以提高老年人肾脏疾病的诊断正确率。方法选择我院60例患有肾脏疾病的老年人,根据年龄分为两组,采用B超对两组患者进行观察分析,并比较结果。结果第二组大部分患者肾脏形态不规则,包膜呈波浪状,尤以纵断面明显,可见多处凹凸不平,皮质内回声尚均匀,无明显占位效应。第二组肾脏的长径和宽径均较对照组缩小,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而厚径差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论老年人的肾脏由于年龄增大可引起肾脏不规则,集合系统回声增强,局部的隆起,皮质相对变薄等现象。     

Meeting the societal need for new antibiotics: the challenges for the pharmaceutical industry

The rise of antibiotic resistance is leading to clinicians being increasingly faced with clinical failure due to the lack of effective and safe treatment options. New antibiotics are needed now for current multi-drug resistant infections but also in preparation for emerging and anticipated threats. There are significant challenges for the pharmaceutical industry to discover and develop new antibiotics including a business model that balances reasonable reimbursement with appropriate use. This summary reviews the key challenges and collaborative interventions that may contribute to addressing a societal problem.     

Collaborative study for the establishment of the second international standard for gramicidin

An international collaborative study was organised by the European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines & HealthCare (EDQM) to establish the WHO second International Standard (IS) for gramicidin as the stocks of the 1st IS, established in 1964, were close to depletion. The candidate material did not show any sign of potency loss when kept at elevated temperatures of + 4 °C, + 20 °C, + 37 °C and + 45 °C for 3 months. Six laboratories from 5 countries as well as the EDQM laboratory participated in the collaborative study. Potencies of the candidate material were estimated by microbiological assays with sensitive micro-organisms. To ensure continuity between consecutive batches, the 1st IS for gramicidin was used as standard. Based on the results of the study, the 2nd IS for gramicidin was adopted at the meeting of the WHO Expert Committee on Biological Standardization (ECBS) in 2008 with an assigned potency of 1070 International Units per mg (IU/mg). The 2nd IS for gramicidin is available from the EDQM.