One-Year Postpartum Mental Health Outcomes of Mothers of Infants with Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome

Maternal and Child Health Journal - Women with substance use disorders have high incidences of psychiatric and mood disorders, which may affect their ability to cope with an infant with neonatal...     

Occupational Therapy Management Strategies for Infants With Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome: Scoping Review

With opioid use in North America rising, there is a growing incidence of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS). Infants with NAS experience withdrawal signs that interfere with their occupational performance in activities of daily living. This scoping review aims to identify the non-pharmacologic interventions currently used in the treatment of infants with NAS that fall within the scope of the occupational therapy profession. Searching three databases, articles were independently reviewed by two authors to meet defined inclusion criteria. Forty-five articles were included, and the interventions identified and organized according to the Person-Environment-Occupation Model. The non-pharmacologic interventions identified fall within the scope of the occupational therapy profession. Initiating occupational therapy services in an acute care setting may have the potential to improve occupational performance and engagement for these infants from an early age.     

Brain Iron and Mental Health Symptoms in Youth with and without Prenatal Alcohol Exposure

Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) negatively affects brain development and increases the risk of poor mental health. We investigated if brain volumes or magnetic susceptibility, an indirect measure of brain iron, were associated with internalizing or externalizing symptoms in youth with and without PAE. T1-weighted and quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) MRI scans were collected for 19 PAE and 40 unexposed participants aged 7.5–15 years. Magnetic susceptibility and volume of basal ganglia and limbic structures were extracted using FreeSurfer. Internalizing and Externalizing Problems were assessed using the Behavioural Assessment System for Children (BASC-2-PRS). Susceptibility in the nucleus accumbens was negatively associated with Internalizing Problems, while amygdala susceptibility was positively associated with Internalizing Problems across groups. PAE moderated the relationship between thalamus susceptibility and internalizing symptoms as well as the relationship between putamen susceptibility and externalizing symptoms. Brain volume was not related to internalizing or externalizing symptoms. These findings highlight that brain iron is related to internalizing and externalizing symptoms differently in some brain regions for youth with and without PAE. Atypical iron levels (high or low) may indicate mental health issues across individuals, and iron in the thalamus may be particularly important for behavior in individuals with PAE.     

新生婴儿及其母亲碘营养状态研究

碘是人体必需的合成甲状腺激素的重要微量元素,参与重要生理活动,与大脑发育密切相关[1]。新生儿及婴幼儿期是仅次于胎儿期的大脑发育的第二个高峰期,碘营养状态直接影响神经系统发育,此期作为婴儿初始阶段,碘的摄取来源于母乳及或配方奶,该阶段婴儿碘营养状态反映了在出生前体     

Neurodevelopment of Infants with Prenatal Exposure to Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers

The study aimed to examine the impact of prenatal exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) on infant neurodevelopment. PBDEs levels in 36 cord blood samples were analyzed with a high-resolution-gas-chromatograph/high-resolution-mass-spectrometer and infant neurodevelopment was assessed using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition. The mean and median of Σ(11)PBDEs were 6.63 and 4.63?ng/g lipid, respectively. As compared to the lower PBDEs group (Σ(11)PBDEs??4.63?ng/g lipid) had a significantly higher actual odds ratio (OR?=?1.13, p?相似文献   

Household Exposure to Secondhand Smoke is Associated with Decreased Physical and Mental Health of Mothers in the USA

Secondhand smoke is one of the most common toxic environmental exposures to children, and maternal health problems also have substantial negative effects on children. We are unaware of any studies examining the association of living with smokers and maternal health. To investigate whether non-smoking mothers who live with smokers have worse physical and mental health than non-smoking mothers who live in homes without smokers. Nationally representative data from the 2000–2004 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey were used. The health of non-smoking mothers with children <18 years (n = 18,810) was assessed, comparing those living with one or more smokers (n = 3,344) to those living in households with no adult smokers (n = 14,836). Associations between maternal health, household smoking, and maternal age, race/ethnicity, and marital, educational, poverty and employment status were examined in bivariable and multivariable analyses using SUDAAN software to adjust for the complex sampling design. Scores on the Medical Outcomes Short Form-12 (SF-12) Physical Component Scale (PCS) and Mental Component Scale (MCS) were used to assess maternal health. About 79.2% of mothers in the USA are non-smokers and 17.4% of them live with ≥1 adult smokers: 14.2% with 1 and 3.2% with ≥2 smokers. Among non-smoking mothers, the mean MCS score is 50.5 and mean PCS is 52.9. The presence of an adult smoker and increasing number of smokers in the home are both negatively associated with MCS and PCS scores in bivariable analyses (P < 0.001 for each). Non-smoking mothers with at least one smoker in the household had an 11% (95% CI = 0.80–0.99) lower odds of scoring at or above the mean MCS score and a 19% (95% CI = 0.73–0.90) lower odds of scoring at or above the mean PCS score compared to non-smoking mothers with no smokers in the household. There is an evidence of a dose response relationship with increasing number of smokers in the household for PCS (P < 0.001). These findings demonstrate a previously unrecognized child health risk: living with smokers is independently associated with worse physical and mental health among non-smoking mothers.     

孕产期健康教育对母婴健康的影响

目的通过对孕产期健康教育的对照研究,了解健康教育对母婴健康状况的影响,达到提高母婴健康的目的。方法随机选取孕产妇293例实施系统的健康教育作为实验组,同期住院而未进行健康教育的127例孕产妇作对照组。就健康状况及妊娠结局等方面进行效果评价。结果实验组高危妊娠发病率为24.23%,低于对照组的35.43%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=5.56,p<0.05);实验组妊娠晚期贫血的发生率为24.91%,明显低于对照组的38.58%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=8.03,p<0.01);实验组顺产率为52.56%,明显高于对照组的30.71%,实验组剖宫产率为47.44%,明显低于对照组的69.29%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=17.03,p<0.01);实验组纯母乳喂养率为89.80%,明显高于对照组的59.47%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=53.16,p<0.01)。结论孕产期健康教育对提高孕产妇自我保健意识和能力,保障母婴健康等方面有重要意义。     

Aflatoxin Exposure Among Mothers and Their Infants from the Western Highlands of Guatemala

Maternal and Child Health Journal - We examined breast milk of mothers and urine of infants before and after introduction of supplementary foods for aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) and the association between...     

孕产期健康教育对母婴健康的影响

目的 通过对孕产期健康教育的对照研究，了解健康教育对母婴健康状况的影响，达到提高母婴健康的目的。方法 随机选取孕产妇293例实施系统的健康教育作为实验组，同期住院而未进行健康教育的127例孕产妇作对照组。就健康状况及妊娠结局等方面进行效果评价。结果 实验组高危妊娠发病率为24．23％，低于对照组的35．43％，差异有统计学意义（Х^2=5．56，p〈0．05）；实验组妊娠晚期贫血的发生率为24．91％，明显低于对照组的38．58％，差异有统计学意义（Х^2=8．03，p〈0．01）；实验组顺产率为52．56％，明显高于对照组的30．71％，实验组剖宫产率为47．44％，明显低于对照组的69．29％，两组比较差异有统计学意义（Х^2=17．03，p〈0．01）；实验组纯母乳喂养率为89．80％，明显高于对照组的59．47％，差异有统计学意义（Х^2=53．16，p〈0．01）。结论孕产期健康教育对提高孕产妇自我保健意识和能力，保障母婴健康等方面有重要意义。     

出生前后铅暴露对婴幼儿智商发育的影响

目的 分析出生前后血铅负荷对婴幼儿智商发育的影响。方法 本文采用前瞻性流行病学的方法,对妊娠3个月左右的孕妇进行追踪观察,直至分娩,继之观察其子女至2岁。期间分别采集孕妇妊3、6月静脉血,儿出生后6、12、18、24月的指血做血铅分析。同时对幼儿智商发育水平及可能影响幼儿智商发育的因素和孕妇情况,分娩情况和幼儿喂养情况进行调查。结果 孕妇血铅水平比较低,婴幼儿出生后血铅逐渐增加,但其平均血铅水平均低于100ug/L。98.76%的婴幼儿智商水平在正常 范围之内。单因素分析表明,妊娠6月血铅与婴儿18月智商呈负相关。多元回归分析发现妊娠6月和3月血铅分别与婴幼儿18月和24月智商负相关。而出生后血铅与幼儿智商关系不明显。结论 提示胎儿期铅暴露对婴幼儿智商发育有一定的负影响。     

Multiple Job Holding and Mental Health among Low-Income Mothers

PurposeStudies have found considerable heterogeneity in the links between employment and mental health, finding that certain work conditions, such as nonstandard schedules and low job quality, are linked with poorer mental health. One largely overlooked facet of work is multiple job holding. In this article, we examine the link between multiple job holding and mental health among low-income mothers.MethodsWe used data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (n = 7,844 person-wave observations), a longitudinal cohort study (1999–2016) of mostly low-income mothers in 20 large U.S. cities, to examine the link between multiple job holding and maternal depression and life dissatisfaction.ResultsAcross a number of different model specifications, we find that multiple job holding is associated with higher probabilities of depression (3–4 percentage points higher). We also find some weaker evidence that multiple job holding is associated with life dissatisfaction (2–4 percentage points higher). When we include measures of job quality and intensity, we continue to see an independent association between multiple job holding and mental health. We also find that the associations between multiple job holding and depression/life dissatisfaction are strongest for mothers who also work 45 hours or more per week, work nonstandard schedules, and have lower earnings.ConclusionsOur study suggests that multiple job holding is associated with a greater likelihood of experiencing depression and somewhat associated with greater life dissatisfaction and should be considered by mental health practitioners and researchers seeking to understand drivers of depression.     

The Behavior of Mothers and Fathers toward Their Infants during Neonatal Intensive Care Visits

This study was designed to examine the behavior patterns of mothers and fathers during visits to their infants in a neonatal intensive care unit Visits of 20 intact families were observed and coded using a nine-category behavior code A total of 58 visits was observed Data were analyzed to examine differences in the response patterns of mothers and fathers when they visited the unit alone as opposed to together Results indicate that mothers responded to their infants more intimately than fathers and that both mothers and fathers were more intimate with their infants when visiting alone rather than together These results suggest that both mothers and fathers may develop a closer relationship with their infants if they have time alone with them Further, these results suggest that fathers may need help in learning to become more intimate with their babies.     

Mental Illness as a Risk Factor for Uninsurance Among Mothers of Infants

The objective of this study was to assess the extent to which maternal prenatal mental illness is associated with mothers’ health insurance status 12–18 months after giving birth. The sample consisted of 2,956 urban, mostly unwed, mothers who gave birth in 20 large U.S. cities between 1998 and 2000 and participated in the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing birth cohort study. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to assess associations between maternal prenatal mental illness and whether the mother had private, public, or no insurance one year after the birth. Covariates included the mother’s and child’s physical health status, the father’s physical and mental health status, and numerous other maternal, paternal, and family characteristics. Potential mediating factors were explored. The results showed that mothers with prenatal diagnosed mental illness were almost half as likely as those without mental illness diagnoses to have private insurance (vs. no insurance) one year after the birth. Among mothers who did not have a subsequent pregnancy, those with prenatal mental illness were less likely than those without mental illness diagnoses to have public insurance than to be uninsured. Screening positive for depression or anxiety at one year decreased the likelihood that the mother had either type of insurance. Policies to improve private mental health care coverage and public mental health services among mothers with young children may yield both private and social benefits. Encounters with the health care and social service systems experienced by pregnant and postpartum women present opportunities for connecting mothers to needed mental health services and facilitating their maintenance of health insurance.     

The Behavior of Mothers and Fathers toward Their Infants during Neonatal Intensive Care Visits

This study was designed to examine the behavior patterns of mothers and fathers during visits to their infants in a neonatal intensive care unit Visits of 20 intact families were observed and coded using a nine-category behavior code A total of 58 visits was observed Data were analyzed to examine differences in the response patterns of mothers and fathers when they visited the unit alone as opposed to together Results indicate that mothers responded to their infants more intimately than fathers and that both mothers and fathers were more intimate with their infants when visiting alone rather than together These results suggest that both mothers and fathers may develop a closer relationship with their infants if they have time alone with them Further, these results suggest that fathers may need help in learning to become more intimate with their babies.     

Assessing Health and Wellness Outcomes of Medicaid-Enrolled Infants Born to Adolescent Mothers

Maternal and Child Health Journal - To assess the effect of adolescent birth on the health and wellness of these infants within their first year of life. Our study focused on 2011 Medicaid births...