反应注射成型聚氨酯互穿聚合物网络研究——刚性网络对于体系形态及性能的影响

用微型反应注射成型机制备了以聚氨酯(PU)为弹性相的两类同步互穿聚合物网络(SIN),其刚性相分别采用保留仲羟基的乙烯基酯树脂(VERH)以及封闭仲羟基的乙烯基酯树脂(VERA)。用傅里叶变换红外光谱在线跟踪了这类互穿网络的生成过程,发现刚性网络抑制了PU网络中硬段有序结构的形成,两个网络间有一定程度的互穿,而两个网络间的化学键作用进一步削弱氢键强度。自旋—自旋弛豫时间的测定进一步表明网络间存在一定的互穿以及刚性相对于PU硬段结晶的抑制作用。材料的力学性能与其SIN的形态有关。VERA网络对PU表现出明显的增强作用,而由VERH网络形成的SIN则由于体系相分离进程受到严重阻碍而使材料性能恶化。     

反应注射成型聚氨酯互穿聚合物网络研究：刚性网络对于体系形…

用微型反应注射成型机制备了以聚氨酯（ＰＵ）为弹性相的两类同步互穿聚合物网络（ＳＩＮ），其刚性相分别采用保留仲羟基的乙烯基酯树脂（ＶＥＲＨ）以及封闭仲羟基的乙烯基酯树脂（ＶＥＲＡ）。用傅里叶变换红外光谱在线跟踪了这类互穿网络的生成过程，发现刚性网络抑制了ＰＵＣ网络中硬段有序结构的形成，两个网络间有一定程度的互穿，而两个网络间的化学键作用进一步削弱氢键强度。自旋－自旋驰豫时间的测定进一步表明网络间存在     

粘弹性阻尼材料中互穿聚合物网络技术的应用

阐述了粘弹性材料在振动波作用下的阻尼机理，指出声波法和模量法的统一性。综述了互穿聚合物网络技术要点，并解释相分离体系宽玻璃化转变区间的形成机理；介绍了互穿聚合和网络技术形成的新途径及梯度互穿聚合物网络技术要点。     

P（VA—co—DBM）／PVA乳胶IPN阻尼材料的合成及动态力学性能

用种子乳液聚合法合成了聚（醋酸乙烯酯－co-马来酸二丁酯）／聚醋酸乙烯酯乳胶互穿聚合物网络阻尼材料，动态力学谱结果表明，该阻尼材料在较宽的温域具有很高的阻尼因子。     

反应注射成型聚氨酯／乙烯基酯树脂互穿聚合物网络的形态及力学性能──添加工业接枝聚醚多元醇

将不同比例的聚环氧丙烷三元醇和工业生产的接枝聚环氧丙烷三元醇混合，与甲苯二异氰酸酯（ＴＤＩ）或碳二亚胺改性二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯（Ｌ－ＭＤＩ）快速反应，合成了两类聚氨酯／乙烯基酯树脂互穿聚合物网络（ＩＰＮ）。用扫描电镜观察了它们的拉仲断面以及经ＤＳＣ的测定，结果表明，添加少量工业接枝聚醚多元醇，由ＴＤＩ合成的ＩＰＮ，其两个网络间的相容性有较显著的改善，显示出好的拉仲性能。然而，Ｌ－ＭＤＩ合成的ＩＰＮ，随工业接枝聚醚多元醇的加入，网络间的相容性变差，拉伸性能有所下降。     

（甲基）丙烯酸酯及其共聚体系L′IPN的合成和性能研究Ⅱ．（甲基）丙烯酸酯及其共聚体系L′IPN的阻尼性能和力学性能

通过动态力学谱试验（ＤＭＳ）、应力－应变测量，研究了以丙烯腈、苯乙烯、醋酸乙烯酯等单体为共聚组分引入全（甲基）丙烯酸酯Ｌ′ＩＰＮ（胶乳型互穿聚合物网络）中对共混体系阻尼性能、力学性能的影响，发现通过无规共聚引进不同链结构能有效调节材料室温域的阻尼水平；初步探讨了ＩＰＮ（互穿聚合物网络）中某些组分侧链（基）结构对阻尼性能的影响规律及可能原因；本文所研究的ＩＰＮ体系在力学（物理）状态上处于皮革态，而交联密度、组分含量等对ＩＰＮ的力学性能具有较为复杂的影响。     

温度及PH敏感性水凝胶的合成及性能研究

乙烯基吡咯烷酮与丙烯酸共聚物／聚丙烯酸β-羟基丙酯互穿网络水凝胶具有温度及PH双重敏感特性。经验证,在蒸馏水中,聚丙烯酸β－羟基丙酯与丙烯酸间存在络合作用,在缓溶液中,没有这样络合作用。     

（甲基）丙烯酸酯及其其聚体系L‘IPN的合成和性能研究

通过ＤＭＳ、电镜、平衡溶胀比，密度等测定研究了将丙烯腈、醋酸乙烯酯等乙烯基单体作为共聚组分引入全（甲基）丙烯酸酯Ｌ＇ＬＰＮ（胶乳型互穿聚合物网络）中对共混体系相容性的影响，发现：种子乳液聚合所形成的Ｌ＇ＩＰＮ具有“核一壳”结构；通过地聚引进不同链结构能显著地调节ＩＰＮ（互穿聚合物网络）的相容性；在一定范围内提高Ｌ＇ＩＰＮ中的网络密度对提高共混体系的相容性是有效的；密度效应在ＩＰＮ共混系统中存在，但     

（甲基）丙烯酸酯及其共聚体系L′IPN的合成和性能研究──Ⅰ（甲基）丙烯酸酯及其共聚体系L′IPN的相容性

通过ＤＭＳ、电镜、平衡溶胀比、密度等测定研究了将丙烯腈、醋酸乙烯酯等乙烯基单体作为共聚组分引入全（甲基）丙烯酸酯Ｌ’ＩＰＮ（胶乳型互穿聚合物网络）中对共混体系相容性的影响，发现：种子乳液聚合所形成的Ｌ＇ＩＰＮ具有“核－－壳”结构；通过无规共聚引进不同链结构能显著地调节ＩＰＮ（互穿聚合物网络）的相容性；在一定范围内提高Ｌ’ＩＰＮ中的网络密度对提高共混体系的相容性是有效的；密度效应在ＩＰＮ共混系统中存在，但其正负偏差的同时出现体现出ＩＰＮ结构的复杂性。     

耐高温,耐腐蚀乙烯基酯树脂的研究

本文就乙烯基酯树脂进行了一些探讨,旨在提高其耐热、耐腐蚀性能,并着重研究了用异氰酸酯改性的乙烯基酯树脂。通过玻璃化转变温度、红外分析、静态试验样浸泡、透光率、介电损耗的变化,以及对其力学性能进行了考察。试验结果表明用甲苯二异氰酸酯对乙烯基酯树脂进行改性是有效的。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.