The surgical importance of accessory spleens: With report of two cases

Two cases in which acute surgical emergencies were produced by torsion of an accessory spleen on its pedicle are presented. The importance of accessory spleens to the clinician and surgeon is emphasized. They may produce clinical manifestations by mechanical interference, by inflammation, by neoplasia or by compensatory hypertrophy following primary splenectomy. Accessory spleens occur with comparative frequency in certain locations in the abdomen and scrotum, rarely in the pancreas and liver. Their presence may be accounted for by trauma to the primary spleen with subsequent transplantation of splenic tissue or by developmental changes in embryo.     

肝门部胆管癌的外科治疗(附181例报告)

目的　探讨肝门部胆管癌预后与临床病理因素的关系。方法　总结１９７８ 年至１９９７ 年手术治疗１８１ 例肝门部胆管癌的临床病理资料,以１９９１ 年为界分为两个阶段,对比手术切除率及生存期等。结果　１８１ 例中手术切除９７ 例,非切除性胆道内外引流者８４ 例,切除组中根治切除５１ 例,姑息切除４６ 例。根治切除者１、３ 、５ 年生存率分别为９５％ 、２７－５％ 和１７－５％ 。姑息切除者为４８－１％ 、７－４％ 和３－７％ ,非切除性胆道内外引流者１ 年生存率分别为４８％ 、３８－９ ％ ,无２ 年生存者。两阶段对比显示：手术切除率由４０－４％ 提高到６６－３ ％ ,其中根治切除率由１８％ 提高到３８％ 。结论　根治切除是提高肝门部胆管癌远期生存率及改善生活质量的关键,早期肿瘤,分化程度好,无淋巴转移者预后好。     

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目的 探讨胰腺损伤的诊断与治疗经验.方法 分析自2002年4月至2007年2月间中国医科大学.附属第一医院普通外科收治的15例胰腺损伤的临床资料情况.按美国创伤外科学会(AAST)以及术中探查所见胰腺损伤分级:Ⅰ级2例,Ⅱ7例,Ⅲ级3例.Ⅳ级2例和V级1例.5例行非手术治疗.10例病人经过手术治疗:胰头血肿清创止血、腹腔多管引流1例;胰头颈部破裂缝合修补、胰周引流术4例;胰头侧断端胰管结扎闲镇缝合、胰体尾部切除术3例;胰头侧断端胰管结扎闭锁缝合、体部断端胰空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术2例.结果 12例治愈.其中1例发生创伤性胰腺炎,2例发生胰漏,经引流、胰酶抑制剂、抗炎等治疗治愈.2例好转,腹痛症状较前减轻,血淀粉酶降至正常范围.1例因多发创伤死亡.结论 早期诊断、准确掌握手术时机、必要时果断开腹仔细探查是治疗胰腺损伤的关键.依据胰腺损伤类型选择合理的术式与充分引流,可以有效提高治愈率并减少术后并发症.     

复杂肝胆管结石病治疗决策的思考:五例典型病例分析

目的探讨复杂肝胆管结石的手术治疗原则。方法回顾性总结5例复杂肝胆管结石病人的临床资料,分析并探讨其诊疗过程。结果 5例病人中有1例为右前叶胆管和胆囊管异位汇合,1例为左肝内胆管结石伴右肝管可疑狭窄,1例为左肝内胆管结石合并癌变,1例为右后叶胆管结石,1例为右前叶胆管结石伴肝萎缩,分别从不同角度展示了复杂肝胆管结石的特点。5例病人分别通过合理的手术治疗均痊愈,且预后良好,随访无结石残留或复发,无死亡等严重并发症。结论复杂肝胆管结石的诊治决策过程中,应当始终坚持和活学活用取尽结石,去除病灶,解除梗阻,通畅引流的治疗原则。     

The accessory soleus muscle: a report of two cases with review of the literature

Introduction

The purpose of this study is to present two cases of accessory soleus muscle diagnosed in young athletes. The authors give diagnostic and therapeutic recommendations with a literature review.

Case reports

Two young athletes consulted us for leg pain increasing with athletic activity. Physical examination revealed a soft, non-tender mass medial to Achilles’ tendon. Lateral X-ray view of both ankles revealed an obliteration of Kager’s fat pad. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed muscular masses of the posterior compartment of the leg. The accessory soleus was excised from its origin to its distal insertion. The postoperative outcome was good and the previous sporty activity was regained within few months.

Discussion

The accessory soleus muscle is a rare supernumerary muscle of the leg whose clinical manifestation is exceptional. Different anatomic types have been described. Clinical presentation consists most often in a mass of the postero-medial compartment of the leg, which becomes painful during the effort. MRI is the major diagnostic tool. It not only allows diagnostic confirmation but also guides the treatment. As far as therapy is concerned, surgery is not the only alternative, but it remains the most efficient one. Conclusion: The accessory soleus is not so rare. Recognizing this anomaly using clinical findings, X-rays and MRI investigation results in proposing a management adapted to the importance of the functional discomfort. Surgery remains the most efficient treatment.     

Anaesthetic management for surgical correction of coarctation of aorta

In this paper we have reviewed the anaesthetic management of 57 consecutive patients who underwent surgical correction of coarctation of aorta. The patients were divided into two groups. In group I of ten patients, no volume preloading was done prior to the release of aortic cross-clamp and the declamping hypotension was managed by rapid infusion of fluids along with correction of metabolic acidosis. In group II of 47 patients, volume preloading was done along with administration of sodium bicarbonate 1 mEq/kg just prior to declamping. Statistically significant (p<0.05) decrease in the systolic and diastolic pressures were observed after declamping in group I; whereas in group II, the hypotension observed was statistically insignificant. Declamping hypotension can thus be prevented or minimised by appropriate volume preloading and correction of existing metabolic acidosis just prior to the release of aortic cross-clamp.     

冷冻治疗单病灶前列腺癌12例临床分析

目的 评价冷冻疗法治疗局限性单病灶前列腺癌的近期疗效及安全性。 方法 局限性单病灶前列腺癌患者12例,均经穿刺活检证实。术前PSA 4.2～14.9 ng/ml,平均9.7 ng/ml。Gleason评分5分3例,6分5例,7分4例。临床分期T1c期8例、T2a期4例。均行超声引导下经会阴前列腺局灶冷冻治疗。术后1年内每3个月、以后每6个月复查PSA。PSA最低值≥1.0 ng/ml或PSA达最低值后上升＞2.0 ng/ml者再次行前列腺穿刺活检排除肿瘤复发。 结果 12例手术顺利,手术时间( 82±26) min,均未输血。术后住院(5±2)d。拔除尿管后,12例控尿均满意。术前有勃起功能者10例,术后仍保持勃起功能者8例。12例随访12 ～ 30个月,平均23个月。术后PSA最低值0.1～6.8 ng/ml,平均2.2 ng/ml,其中＜1.0 ng/ml者9例。术后PSA异常行前列腺穿刺活检4例,阴性3例,冷冻对侧腺体活检阳性1例。 结论 超声引导下经会阴前列腺局灶冷冻治疗安全有效、并发症少,可用于局限性单病灶前列腺癌患者,远期疗效尚需进一步观察。     

困难的腹腔镜胆囊切除术181例

目的总结困难的腹腔镜胆囊切除术手术经验。方法回顾性分析181例困难的胆囊腹腔镜手术病例资料。结果中转开腹6例,中转率3.3%。全组无死亡病例,术后并发症总并发率为19.3%(35/181),其中并发心力衰竭2例,心绞痛发作3例,肺部感染10例,肠功能恢复延迟6例,膈下,戳口感染13例,胰腺炎1例,均治愈。结论困难的腹腔镜胆囊切除术前应综合考虑患者全身情况以及伴发疾病,结合胆囊病变进行评估,术中以优良的手术技巧保证手术效果。     

Pallister-Killian syndrome: a report of 2 cases and review of its surgical aspects

Pallister-Killian syndrome (PKS) is a rare mosaic genetic disorder defined by the presence of isochromosome for the short arm of chromosome 12. The authors report 2 new cases of PKS with prenatal diagnosis of tetrasomy 12p made by cytogenetic study of amniocytes. Typical dysmorphic craniofacial features were noted postnatally. Both newborns were referred to a surgical department because of congenital anomalies requiring operative management. One had an imperforate anus with an anocutaneous fistula and underwent minor anorectoplasty on day 2 of life. The second newborn required emergency laparotomy because of malrotation with midgut volvulus. This is the first report of clinical manifestation of malrotation in a patient with PKS. The authors undertook a detailed review of reported to date cases of PKS with special emphasis on its surgical aspects.     

Anaesthetic management in paediatric craniofacial surgery. A review of 126 cases

The case notes of 126 of the 134 children undergoing craniofacial operations in the Hospitals for Sick Children, in the years 1986 to 1990 inclusive, were studied. The ages ranged between one month and 12 years, with 50% of cases being in the first year of life. Anaesthesia was conducted in accordance with standard neurosurgical techniques. Induced hypotension was not employed. The major problems encountered were haemorrhage (20% required transfusion in excess of the estimated blood volume) and bradycardia associated with orbital manipulation (12%). Four patients had major intraoperative complications requiring resuscitation. Thirty-seven children required postoperative pulmonary ventilation, but the incidence decreased markedly during the series (64% in 1986 to 6.5% in 1989). There were no deaths or cases of permanent neurological impairment.     

胰腺外伤的诊断与治疗(附29例报告)

胰腺损伤是严重腹部外伤之一。胰腺是腹膜后器官,受到前面腹腔脏器及后面脊柱周围肌肉的相对保护,故胰腺损伤发生率较低,占腹部损伤的1%～5%[1]。随着近年来高速交通工具及现代工业的迅速发展,胰腺损伤亦日趋增多[2-3]。由于胰腺的位置隐蔽,其损伤多伴有其他器官的损伤,临床症     

Anaesthetic management for a child with the Ellis-van Creveld syndrome: a case report

Summary
A three-and-a-half-year-old female with the Ellis-van Creveld syndrome (EVS) underwent a successful anaesthetic for amputation of a digit. EVS is a rare congenital disease involving the skeletal, pulmonary, and cardiac systems. The manifestations of EVS and anaesthetic management of patients with EVS are discussed.     

腹部闭合性损伤124例诊治体会

目的 总结腹部闭合性损伤的诊治体会。方法 回顾性分析近5年来收治的124例腹部闭合伤。其中，单一脏器损伤76例，腹部多脏器损伤48例，合并其它重要系统损伤54例。结果 非手术治疗9例（包括介入脾动脉栓塞4例），手术治疗115例。治愈116例，死亡8例。结论 腹部闭合伤病情复杂，发展快，迅速准确诊断，合理的治疗是关键。详细了解病史，结合腹腔穿刺，X线，B超，CT检查可提高诊断率。     

胰管结石的诊断与外科治疗：附43例报告

目的:探讨胰管结石的诊断及手术治疗方式。方法:回顾性分析6年间进行外科手术的43例胰管结石患者的临床资料。结果:患者男女比例约为2:1,主要症状为上腹痛,部分伴腰背痛。全组均采用影像学检查方法确诊。行胰管切开取石、胰管空肠侧侧Roux-en-Y吻合术34例(其中同时切除胰体尾2例),保留十二指肠的胰头切除术5例,保留幽门的胰十二指肠切除1例,胰十二指肠切除术1例,胰体尾、脾切除1例,探查发现恶变无法切除1例。随访5个月至6年;43例患者中23例腹痛症状完全缓解,18例有不同程度的缓解。结论:影像学检查是确诊胰管结石的主要方法。对胰管结石的手术应制定个体化方案。胰管切开取石,胰管-空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术为胰管结石的主要术式,其他可根据情况采用保留十二指肠的胰头切除术或胰体尾切除等术式。