肌肉收缩力与收缩速度关系研究

目的:基于肌肉的特殊结构及肌球蛋白工作循环的四态模型,讨论肌肉收缩时收缩力与收缩速度的关系,并通过建立肌肉的力学模型,对力与速度的关系做了进一步讨论。方法:利用化学动力学方法和生化热力学原理,结合肌球蛋白单分子实验结果,从物理学的角度计算肌肉中力与收缩速度的关系。结果:发现力速关系与实验结果完全一致,肌肉中与收缩有关的化学变化可随负荷的变化而自动地进行调节,肌肉收缩时粘滞力与负载有关。结论:此模型可用于讨论肌肉的力与速度的关系,而且物理学方法适用于研究本文体系。     

The influence of patient expectations regarding cure on treatment decisions

Objective

To test whether cancer patients’ expectations for cure prior to interacting with their oncologist influence their decisions to follow treatment recommendations. Further, to test whether patients’ expectations for cure are affected by the strength of the oncologist–patient alliance or the extent to which companions (if present) share patients’ expectations for cure.

Methods

Interactions of 101 patients (and 114 companions) with oncologists about treatment were coded for the strength of the oncologist–patient alliance. Prior to the interaction, patients and companions reported expectations about whether the patient would be cured of cancer. After the interaction, patients reported whether they intended to follow the recommended treatment.

Results

Patients who expected a cure were more likely to report an intention to follow oncologists’ treatment recommendation when the strength of their alliance with their oncologist was weaker (B = −0.51, p < .05). Patients whose expectations for cure matched their companions’ expectations were less likely to report intentions to follow treatment recommendations (B = −0.28, p < .05).

Conclusion

Patients who have an expectation of being cured of cancer prior to meeting with their oncologist are more likely to intend to follow recommended treatment when their alliance with the oncologist is weaker and their companions do not believe they will be cured.

Practice implications

To better understand patient treatment decisions and improve overall cancer care, oncologists should be aware of the complex ways that patients’ expectations about cure influence treatment choices.     

影响产前孕妇血压及胎心率的心理社会因素

本文应用胎心率监护的方法,探讨心理社会因素对产前孕妇血压和胎儿心率的影响,通过量化的方法找到两者之间的联系.     

Contribution of serum immunoglobulin transudate to the antibody immune status of murine intestinal secretions: influence of different sampling procedures

Serum immunoglobulin transudation into the murine gut after intragastric immunization with the model antigen ovalbumin and cholera toxin adjuvant was investigated with regard to the mucosal sampling technique applied. The levels of serum-derived immunoglobulin A (IgA) turned out to be lowest in feces, intermediate in gut lavage fluid specimens, and highest in filter wick-collected samples. However, these levels did not exceed 2% of total and specific IgA in any mucosal sample type, except after the administration of very high antigen doses (> or =1 mg of antigen per g of body weight), when transudation rates of up to 31% could be measured in filter wick-collected samples from individual animals. Luminal IgG was plasma transudate and/or bile borne and appeared to be reabsorbed at the mucosa to some extent.     

肺血减少型先心病幼猪动物模型的构建

目的:探讨肺血减少型先心病幼猪动物模型构建的方法.方法:选用中华小型幼猪30只,随机分为对照组(A组,n=15)和实验组(B组,n=15).均采用右侧前外侧径路开胸.A组部分阻断主肺动脉10 min后放开,造成一过性肺血减少;B组经右心房表面送入球囊扩张器行人工房间隔造口+肺动脉环缩术,构建肺血减少型先心病模型.手术结束、术后1个月、2个月行血气分析、血常规及超声检查,术后1个月行64排CT检查,术后2个月剖胸验证模型构建情况.结果:A组15例,术后切口感染1例,死亡1例.B组15例,术后切口感染2例,死亡3例,12例存活幼猪模型构建成功.A组术后心脏超声、CT检查及剖胸探查均提示心脏无异常.术后B组心脏超声提示,过隔血流束＞0.5 cm,肺动脉环缩处血流速度在184～355 cm/s,收缩期肺动脉环缩处压差(Systolic trans pulmonary artery banding pressure,Trans-PABP)在20～50 mmHg; CT扫描示肺动脉环缩处直径(BD)为(6.5±1.3)mm;剖胸探查房间隔缺损(ASD)均＞0.5 cm,肺动脉环缩处缩窄明显.与A组比较,B组术后动脉氧分压(Pa02)和动脉氧饱和度( Sa02)逐渐降低(P＜0.05),血红蛋白(HB)和红细胞压积(HCT)逐渐升高(P＜0.05).结论:采用人工房间隔造口+肺动脉环缩术可成功构建肺血减少型先心病幼猪动物模型.该模型稳定性较好,更加接近临床病理生理状态.     

冠心病A型行为干预前后血液指标检测

目的：冠心病A型行为干预前后的有关血液指标变化的对比研究。方法：将128例冠心病患者随机分为观察组和对照组,区别在于加不加心理行为干预,其他临床常规治疗相同。干预与治疗前后均观测有关血液指标并对比,进行统计学处理。结果：观察组比对照组下列指标有显著性或非常显著性差异：A型行为改善（P＜0．01）;血清胆固醇（TC）降低（P＜0.05）;全血及血浆粘度降低（P＜0．05）;血浆肾上腺素（E）及去甲肾上腺素（NE）降低（P＜0.01）。给论：冠心病患者进行A型行为干预有助于改善有关血液指标,同时可缓解心绞痛症状,ECGST－T好转。     

冠心病A型行为干预前后血液指标检测△

目的冠心病A型行为干预前后的有关血液指标变化的对比研究。方法将128例冠心病患者随机分为观察组和对照组，区别在于加不加心理行为干预，其他临床常规治疗相同。干预与治疗前后均观测有关血液指标并对比，进行统计学处理。结果观察组比对照组下列指标有显著性或非常显著性差异A型行为改善（P<0.01）；血清胆固醇（TC）降低（P<0.05）；全血及血浆粘度降低（P<0.05）；血浆肾上腺素（E）及去甲肾上腺素（NE）降低（P<0.01）。结论冠心病患者进行A型行为干预有助于改善有关血液指标，同时可缓解心绞痛症状，ECGST-T好转。     

蛛网膜下腔注射神经降压素对大鼠血压和心率的影响

本文研究了蛛网膜下腔注射神经降压素（ｎｅｕｒｏｔｅｎｓｉｎ，ＮＴ）对大鼠血压和心率的影响，结果表明：注射ＮＴ后血压立即下降，继而有所回升，但不及正常水平，然后再次降低，持续６０ｍｉｎ；心率无明显改变。Ｈ１受体阻断剂苯海拉明能部分阻断ＮＴ的降血压效应，Ｈ２受体阻断剂甲氰咪胍无翻转作用。注射组胺释放剂Ｃｏｍｐｏｕｎｄ４８／８０使血压下降，待血压恢复正常水平后，再注射ＮＴ，其降压效应减弱。结果提示：蛛网