产超广谱β-内酰胺酶肺炎克雷伯菌和大肠埃希菌引起新生儿严重感染的治疗分析

目的:探讨新生儿病房产超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)肺炎克雷伯菌和大肠埃希菌耐药特点,指导临床用药。方法:经痰、血、脑脊液培养确诊为产ESBLs肺炎克雷伯菌及大肠埃希菌引起新生儿感染23例,分析药敏试验结果及治疗情况。结果:产ESBLs菌对亚胺培南普遍敏感,对舒普深耐药率低,肺炎克雷伯菌耐药率为36.36％,大肠埃希菌为25.0％,对头孢他啶、头孢曲松、头孢噻肟及氨曲南耐药率高达75％～100％,且部分体外敏感菌株在体内却表现出临床意义的耐药,对磺胺类、氨基糖甙类、氟喹诺酮类均表现出较高的耐药性。结论:亚胺培南及含β-内酰胺酶抑制剂复合物为新生儿病房产ESBLs菌感染的首选药物。     

产超广谱β-内酰胺酶大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌的耐药性

目的：了解产超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌的耐药性。方法:用VITEK-32全自动微生物分析仪对650株大肠埃希菌及肺炎克雷伯菌进行ESBLs及耐药性检测。结果:650株大肠埃希菌及肺炎克雷伯菌中176株产ESBLs，ESBLs总阳性率为27．1％。产ESBLs菌对氨苄西林、替卡西林、头孢西丁、头孢噻肟、头孢他啶的耐药率为93．1％-100％，对氨基糖苷类、喹诺酮类、磺胺类均有不同程度的耐药(26．9％-93．1％)，对亚胺培南的耐药率最低。结论:治疗产ESBLs菌感染，应用亚胺培南及其它药敏试验显示敏感的药物。     

ICU产ESBLs大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌耐药性分析

目的探讨医院重症监护病房产超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌的耐药性。方法采用BD Phoenix100全自动微生物分析仪对莒县中医医院重症监护病房产超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌进行细菌鉴定和药物敏感试验。结果产ESBLs大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌均呈现多重耐药,大肠埃希菌对亚胺培南、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦和阿米卡星的耐药率分别为1.8%、5.5%和20.0%,其余14种抗生素的耐药率在54.6%~100.0%;肺炎克雷伯菌对亚胺培南无耐药现象,其余16种抗生素的耐药率在56.0%~100.0%。结论重症监护病房分离的产ESBLs大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌多重耐药严重;同样是产ESBLs菌株,大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌对相同抗生素的敏感率明显不同。     

超广谱β-内酰胺酶肺炎克雷伯菌和大肠埃希菌的耐药性

目的了解超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBLs）大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌的耐药性、耐药特点,指导临床用药。方法采用纸片确证法检测65株产ESBLs菌并对其体外抗生素耐药性作初步研究。结果ESBLs总阳性率为37．4％,大肠埃希菌的ESBLs的阳性率为44．1％,肺炎克雷伯菌的ESBLs的阳性率为31．1％。产ESBLs菌株对三代头孢的耐药率明显高于不产酶株。大肠埃希菌对阿米卡星的耐药率较肺炎克雷伯菌低,肺炎克雷伯菌对头孢西丁、头孢吡肟的耐药率较大肠埃希菌低。结论治疗ESBLs菌引起感染,应用亚胺培南、含β-内酶胺酶抑制剂类抗生素及其药敏试验显示敏感的有效药物。     

尿路感染产超广谱β内酰胺酶大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌耐药特征分析

目的：分析尿路感染产超广谱β内酰胺酶（ESBLs）的大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌的检出率及耐药特点。方法对2011～2012年尿路感染患者尿培养中分离到的细菌进行培养鉴定和药敏实验,并对产ESBLs耐药表型的菌株用双纸片法进行确证。结果1189株尿路感染菌株中分离到大肠埃希菌547株（46．0％）,肺炎克雷伯菌81株（6．8％）,大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌产ESBLs检出率为64．4％和64．2％。产ESBLs大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌均对头孢替坦、亚胺培南、美洛培南敏感率较高（均超过90％）,产ESBLs肺炎克雷伯菌对呋喃妥因、头孢比肟和阿米卡星敏感率（分别为14．9％、41．7％、77．1％）显著低于产ESBLs大肠埃希菌（77．3％、66．8％、95．8％）,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．01）。结论大肠埃希菌是尿路感染的主要致病菌。大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌产ESBLs检出率均较高且具多重耐药特征。     

医院产超广谱β-内酰胺酶肺炎克雷伯菌和大肠埃希菌的检测及耐药性

目的：了解我院产超广谱β-内酰胺酶（extended spectrum β-lactamase,ESBLs）肺炎克雷伯菌和大肠埃希菌的检出率及其耐药特征，为临床合理使用抗生素提供依据。方法：对我院2003年1月～2005年12月住院病人分离的肺炎克雷伯菌122株、大肠埃希菌313株，采用NCCLs推荐的纸片扩散表型确证试验进行ESBLs检测,用K—B法做药敏试验。结果：435株肺炎克雷伯菌和大肠埃希菌中检出产ESBLs菌139株，总检出率31．95％，其中肺炎克雷伯菌检出率33．61％、大肠埃希菌检出率31．31％；ESBLs检出率有逐年上升趋势；呼吸道标本ESBLs检出率最高，占59．71％；产ESBLs菌对抗生素的耐药率显著高于不产ESBLs菌（P〈0．005），并对氨基糖苷类、喹诺酮类等抗生素呈多重耐药，对含β-内酰胺酶抑制剂的复合抗生素耐药率有增高趋势，均对亚胺培南敏感。结论：肺炎克雷伯菌和大肠埃希菌的ESBLs检出率逐年增加，应及时对ESBLs菌进行检测，以指导临床用药。亚胺培南可作为ESBLs菌治疗的首选药。     

2009~2010年大肠埃希菌与肺炎克雷伯菌耐药性及产ESBLs菌株的分析

目的：了解2009~2010年新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院临床分离的大肠埃希菌及肺炎克雷伯菌的耐药性变化,为临床合理用药提供依据。方法：采用全自动微生物分析仪VITEK32、2Compact进行细菌鉴定,采用VITEK-GNS药敏试验卡及Kirby-Bauer法。使用WHONET 5.4软件对数据进行统计分析。结果：2009年大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌中产ESBLs株分别为64.8％（728/1123）,48.5％（351/724）,产ESBLs肺炎克雷伯菌对亚胺培南和美罗培南的耐药率为0,检出对美罗培南、亚胺培南耐药的产ESBLs的大肠埃希菌,对大多数抗菌药物的耐药率明显高于非产ESBLs菌株（P＜0.05）。2010年大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌中产ESBLs株分别为62.2％（699/1124）、53.2％（336/631）,2种菌产ESBLs株对测试的抗菌药物的耐药率均高于非产ESBLs株。检出对美罗培南、亚胺培南耐药的产ESBLs肺炎克雷伯菌,检出对美罗培南耐药的大肠埃希菌。结论：产ESBLs菌株在临床的检出率越来越高,耐药率明显高于非产ESBLs株,且呈多药耐药性,给临床诊治带来极大困难;加强产ESBLs菌株的监测及耐药性分析,指导临床合理应用抗菌药物,对控制产ESBLs菌株的播散和流行具有重要意义。     

大肠埃希菌及肺炎克雷伯菌对亚胺培南耐药率的变迁

目的调查大肠埃希菌及肺炎克雷伯菌对亚胺培南耐药的变化。方法使用MicroScan WalkWay40全自动微生物分析仪对住院及门诊临床标本中分离的大肠埃希菌及肺炎克雷伯菌进行菌种鉴定和药敏试验,对结果进行回顾性调查。结果2008年7月-2010年11月间共分离大肠埃希菌461株,其中产超广谱β-内酰胺酶菌株（简称ESBLs）196株,对亚胺培南耐药率平均为0．9％;肺炎克雷伯菌665株,其中产超广谱β-内酰胺酶菌株（简称ESBLs）148株,对亚胺培南耐药率平均为6．9％。结论产超广谱β-内酰胺酶的大肠埃希菌及肺炎克雷伯菌逐年增加,对亚胺培南的耐药率呈逐步上升趋势,临床医生应加强合理用药。     

肺炎克雷伯菌和大肠埃希菌对11种抗生素的耐药监测

目的：监测肺炎克雷伯菌和大肠埃希菌对11种抗生素的耐药率，为合理选用抗生素提供依据。方法：收集1999年3月－1999年10月上海地区4家医院临床标本中分离出的肺炎克雷伯菌和大肠埃希菌共930株，用Kirby-Bauer琼脂扩散法检测细菌药敏情况；用头孢硝噻吩纸片测定β－内酰胺酶。结果：在11种抗生素中总耐药率最低的前三位是亚胺培南（0．11％）、头孢美唑（6．31％）和头孢他啶（22．26％），耐率率最高的是环丙沙星（49．57％）和头孢呋新（42．47％），其中环丙沙星对大肠埃希菌的耐药率高达68．88％；除头孢他啶外，第三代头孢菌素对肺炎克雷伯菌和大肠埃希菌的耐药率均在30％以上；肺炎克雷伯菌和大肠埃希菌的总产酶率为84．95％，其中肺炎克雷伯菌为85．98％，大肠埃希菌为83．08％。结论：亚胺培南、头孢美唑和头孢他啶耐药率最低；肺炎克雷伯菌和大肠埃希菌产酶率高，该地区极可能有产超广谱β－内酰胺酶（ESBLs)菌流行。     

我院产ESBLs大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌的耐药性分析

目的：了解我院产ESBLs大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌的分布及耐药情况，指导临床合理用药。方法：对我院2005年7月～2007年12月的临床标本分离的大肠埃希菌218株，肺炎克雷伯菌195株，采用纸片扩散表型确证试验进行ESBLs检测，用K—B法做药敏试验。结果：在413株菌中共检出产ESBLs菌株106株，总检出率为25．7％；产ESBLs细菌对所有青霉素类抗生素产生耐药，对三代头孢类抗生素耐药率也达到90％以上，对磺胺类、喹诺酮类耐药率为50％～90％，对亚胺培南均敏感。结论：产ESBLs的大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌逐年上升，应根据药敏结果结合临床合理使用抗生素。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.