Clinical evaluation and treatment in elderly patients with acute obstructive suppurative cholangitis

Elderly patients with acute obstructive suppurative cholangitis (AOSC) have a very poor prognosis due both to the gradual development of symptoms and to acute exacerbation, resulting in a condition that is both severe and irreversible. In this study, we evaluated the clinical characteristics and effects of biliary drainage in patients with AOSC treated in our department, with special attention being focused on patients aged 70 years or more. Of 21 patients with AOSC, 7 (33.3%) were more than 70 years of age. All 7 had choledocholithiasis. In all patients with choledocholithiasis, in this study. AOSC was observed in 23.3% of those who were more than 70 years of age (7/30). In elderly patients with AOSC, typical symptoms are often absent, and the severity of the disease is difficult to determine based on the results of examination alone. Since early diagnosis of AOSC and appropriate biliary drainage from the onset of AOSC are extremely important, clinical findings should be examined with the utmost care.     

急性梗阻性化脓性胆管炎患者的监测及处理

急性梗阻性化脓性胆管炎（acute obstructive suppurative cholangitis,AOSC）多为胆管结石、胆道蛔虫或蛔虫残骸阻塞胆管继发胆道细菌感染所致。1983年中华医学会外科学会重庆胆石病研究会议上,确认AOSC在病因、病理上并非是一种特殊的类型,只是一个疾病的过程,因此将此种严重感染性疾病称为急性重症型胆管炎（acute cholangitis severe type,ACST）,实质在临床上AOSC与ACST可互为通用,多数医生认为AOSC比ACST更符合临床病理实际过程。     

损伤控制性理念用于急性梗阻性化脓性胆管炎中的外科处理

目的探讨损伤控制性外科（DCS）理念应用于急性梗阻性化脓性胆管炎（AOSC）的治疗经验和效果。方法回顾性分析大连大学附属中山医院胆道微创外科2009年1月至10月收治的24例AOSC患者的损伤控制性手术和后续治疗情况。结果23例患者经DCS治疗,12例患者痊愈,死亡1例,2例带塑料胆道内置管出院未行再次手术,8例接受再次确定性手术（7例治愈,1例放弃继续治疗）。再次手术术后2例（25％）出现切口感染,1例（12．5％）胆漏,经保守治疗痊愈。结论DCS联合再次确定性手术是治疗AOSC的一种安全、有效的方法。     

6-keto-PGF1 alpha levels and prostacyclin therapy in 2 adult patients with hemolytic-uremic syndrome

Evidence supports the hypothesis that plasma prostacyclin activity is deficient in hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS). We studied 2 adult patients with HUS. Plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, the stable metabolite of prostacyclin, were measured by radioimmunoassay. Both patients were found to have elevated 6-keto-PGF1 alpha levels. These findings are in contradiction with the prostacyclin deficiency hypothesis and with earlier reports of low or undetectable plasma levels of this metabolite. The patients were treated with IV prostacyclin after a single plasma exchange. The first patient, admitted with advanced renal failure, obtained a rapid remission but renal function did not recover; the second patient, admitted with a less pronounced degree of renal failure, reacted slowly to therapy but renal function partially recovered. We believe that, if any benefit is to be expected from prostacyclin therapy in HUS, it should be started early in the course of the disease.     

急性化脓性梗阻性胆管炎的中西医结合治疗

目的研究讨论中西医结合治疗急性化脓性梗阻性胆管炎（AOSC）的疗效。方法对本院1990～2003年间收治的急性化脓性梗阻性胆管炎的患者行中西医结合治疗的146例治疗和未行中西医结合治疗的137例患者的治疗方法和效果进行分析。结果用中西医结合治疗的患者其住院天数、并发症发生率、死亡率与未用中西医结合治疗的患者相比均有明显下降（P〈0．05）。结论鼻胆管引流加中医利胆利胰、活血化淤治疔有利于急性化脓性梗阻性胆管炎的患者的转归。     

重症急性梗阻性化脓性肝胆管炎的临床特点

目的　提高对重症急性梗阻性化脓性肝胆管炎 (单纯肝内胆管梗阻的重症胆管炎称肝内型ACST)的诊断治疗水平 ,减少其死亡率。方法　回顾 1991～ 2 0 0 0年本院收治的 186例重症胆管炎 (ACST)中 2 8例肝内型ACST的临床资料 ,对其临床表现和治疗进行分析探讨。结果　 2 8例肝内型ACST出现明显腹痛 8例 ,黄疸 12例 ;15 8例胆总管型ACST出现Charcot三联症 14 9例。将两组的腹痛和黄疸发生率行 χ2 检验 ,两组差异有显著性 (P <0 0 1)。结论　肝内胆管梗阻的重症胆管炎临床表现和治疗有一定的特殊性 ,早期诊断、及时手术能减少其死亡率。     

超声引导PTCD在急性梗阻性化脓性胆管炎的应用价值

目的探讨急性梗阻性化脓性胆管炎的治疗方法,床旁急诊超声引导经皮肝穿刺胆道引流术(percutaneous transhepatic cholangial drainage,PTCD)在该病中的应用价值。方法收集2011年5月至201 5年6月海南省农垦总医院63例急性梗阻性化脓性胆管炎病人的临床资料,回顾分析床旁急诊超声引导PTCD的治疗效果。结果超声引导PTCD成功率为100%;引流量为250~830 ml/d,平均为(530±68)ml/d;引流后血常规及肝功能检查结果显示,与术前比较,白细胞计数(WBC)、血清总胆红素(TBIL)、血清直接胆红素(DBIL)、丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)指标显著下降,血小板计数(BPC)上升,体温正常,差异均有统计学意义(P0.01)。症状改善58例(92%),死亡5例(8%),无引流管脱落,无腹腔内出血、胆道出血、气胸、胆漏等并发症发生。结论床旁急诊超声引导PTCD,能快速有效引流,操作方便、简单,创伤小,并发症少,安全性高,能为解除病因手术安全性创造条件。     

损伤控制理念在急性梗阻性化脓性胆管炎中的应用体会

目的 研究损伤控制理念在急性梗阻性化脓性胆管炎中的应用价值。 方法 回顾性分析2015年10月至2019年5月滁州市第一人民医院急诊外科收治的73例化脓性胆管炎患者行损伤控制性手术和后续治疗情况。结果 73例中,47例行腹腔镜胆总管切开减压+胆道镜取石+T管引流,13例行PTCD手术,13例行ERCP手术。一阶段干预治愈19例：经腹腔镜微创手术治愈17例,经内镜取石手术治愈2例。一阶段干预后死亡5例,病死率6.8%（5/73）。21例一阶段干预后未行二次手术：肝内外胆管结石患者8例,单 纯胆总管结石患者8例,恶性肿瘤患者5例。二期确定性手术治疗28例,术后切口感染2例,胆漏2例,胆道出血1例,手术后短期无死亡病例。 结论 损伤控制理念可有效提高急性梗阻性化脓性胆管炎手术安全性,降低围手术期病死率。     

118例高龄高危急性梗阻性化脓性胆管炎病人的治疗体会

目的探讨高龄高危急性梗阻性化脓性胆管炎病人的治疗方法。方法回顾性分析1998年5月至2006年3月中山医院118例80岁以上胆管结石继发急性梗阻性化脓性胆管炎病人的治疗方法及结果。结果118例病人首先经内镜治疗,81例经内镜取石或ENBD引流后病情缓解,治疗成功,3例死亡。34例内镜治疗失败即转为手术,其中31例治愈,手术死亡3例。118例病人总并发症发生率22%,死亡率5.1%。结论对高龄高危急性梗阻性化脓性胆管炎病人内镜治疗是首选,外科手术仍是重要手段,早期积极引流治疗,可降低死亡率。     

恶性梗阻性黄疸伴急性化脓性胆管炎一期行胰十二指肠切除术的可行性分析

目的对恶性梗阻性黄疸伴急性化脓性胆管炎一期行胰十二指肠切除术进行可行性分析。方法回顾分析我院1999年至2004年施行PD手术治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸病人128例，其中，PD手术治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸伴Asc24例（A组），PD手术治疗不伴有Asc病例104例（B组）。术前按Knaus法计算每例APACHEⅢ评分，对比分析两组术后并发症的发生率和死亡率，以及APACHEⅢ不同计分段下死亡率的差异。结果A组术后并发症发生率为45．8％，死亡率8．3％；B组术后并发症发生率为34．6％，死亡率7．7％。两组术后并发症发生率有显著性差异（P〈O．05），死亡率无显著性差异（P〉O．05）。APACHEⅢ计分段分别为40分以下、41～70分、71分以上统计死亡率，两组死亡率差异无显著性（P〉O．05），组内比较，不同计分段死亡率有显著性差异（P％0．05）。结论恶性梗阻性黄疸伴ASC病例术前全面和客观的评估、及时的手术探查和决断、术中的精细操作和围手术期的综合处理是保证一期PD术良好预后的决定因素。     

A case report of acute obstructive suppurative cholangitis in a non-0-1 Vibrio cholerae biliary carrier

A case report is presented of a 73-year-old male who was seen with fever, jaundice, abdominal pain and central nervous system depression. He failed to respond to intensive antibiotic therapy, and subsequently acute obstructive suppurative cholangitis fully developed. Upon laparotomy, the patient's gallbladder was found to be enlarged with the bile from the gallbladder and bile duct itself containing a high pus content. Its cultured organism revealed non-0-1 Vibrio cholerae. To our knowledge, no prior case of acute obstructive suppurative cholangitis in a non-0-1 Vibrio Cholerae biliary carrier has been reported in Japan.     

Experimental study on the pathophysiology of endotoxin shock as analysed by alterations in thromboxane B2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha levels

To evaluate the pathophysiological role of thromboxane A2 (TXA2) in endotoxin shock, plasma concentrations of TXA2 and PGI2 following E. coli endotoxin (ET) administration were measured in dogs and rats by radioimmunoassay of their stable metabolites TXB2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, respectively. Also, the effects of TXA2 synthetase inhibitor (OKY046) on eicosanoid levels, haemodynamics and survival were assessed. The following results were obtained: 1) Survival rates of the rats given 50 mg/kg of ET were 31% at 12 hrs and 17% at 24 hrs. Pretreatment with OKY046 markedly improved the survival rates. 2) Plasma concentrations of TXB2 were rapidly elevated in untreated control dogs and rats following ET administration, whereas plasma 6-keto-PGF1 alpha levels were gradually elevated. TXB2/6-keto-PGF1 alpha ratio showed an early elevation at 15 minutes after ET administration. The ratio became lower than base line, thereafter. 3) In contrast to the controls, animals pretreated with OKY046 did not exhibit significant elevations in plasma TXB2 levels. On the other hand, plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha were not altered by OKY046 treatment. 4) In the control dogs given ET, the early elevations in pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) and reduction in lung compliance correlated with the early elevation in plasma TXB2/6-keto-PGF1 alpha ratio. 5) In OKY046-treated dogs, the early elevation in TXB2/6-keto-PGF1 alpha ratio was not seen and PAP increase and lung compliance reduction were prevented. The results suggest that TXA2 plays an important pathophysiological role in the development of endotoxin shock.     

Changes in platelet aggregation, TXB2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha in surgical shock

Platelet aggregation rate (PAR), plasma concentration of TXB2 and 6-Keto-PGF1 alpha were measured in 26 patients with shock (hypovolumic shock 10 and septic shock 16) and 10 controls. PAR, plasma TXB2 and 6-Keto-PGF1 alpha were increased during shock, with TXB2 increased more significantly than 6-Keto-PGF1 alpha, accordingly the TXB2/6-Keto-PGF1 alpha ratio were raised during shock, especially in the septic cases. PAR, plasma TXB2 and 6-Keto-PGF1 alpha will decrease while shock become subsiding, and elevate while shock become irreversible. As a rule, the change of PAR is parallel with the concentration of plasma TXB2. The speed of platelet aggregation and plasma TXB2 concentration were higher in eleven mortal cases.     

Influence of pressure, flow rate, and pulsatility on release of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and thromboxane B2 in ex vivo-perfused canine veins

The influence of pressure, flow, and pulsatility on the release of prostacyclin (measured as 6-keto-PGF1 alpha) and thromboxane (measured as TxB2) was assessed in canine jugular veins perfused ex vivo with Hanks' balanced salt solution for five consecutive 15-minute periods. Control segments were perfused at 7 mm Hg with nonpulsatile flow at a rate of 90 ml/min, whereas experimental segments were perfused with pulsatile flow as well as nonpulsatile flow at pressures of 50 or 100 mm Hg and flow rates of 60 or 130 ml/min. Prostacyclin release from control segments during the first 15-minute period was 49.5 +/- 7.4 pg/mm2/15 min, which declined to 13.9 +/- 2.5 pg/mm2/15 min after 60 minutes (p less than 0.002). Arachidonic acid stimulation during the last 15-minute perfusion period increased the release to 56.1 +/- 9.4 pg/mm2/15 min (p less than 0.002). Thromboxane release from control segments was initially 4.4 +/- 1.2 pg/mm2/15 min, which declined to 0.8 +/- 0.2 pg/mm2/15 min after 60 minutes (p less than 0.002), and subsequently increased with arachidonic acid stimulation to 1.3 +/- 0.1 pg/mm2/15 min (p less than 0.01). In contrast to control perfusion conditions, changes in nonpulsatile flow rates did not affect prostacyclin release, whereas thromboxane release was lower when perfused at 60 ml/min. Pressures of 50 and 100 mm Hg increased the initial release of prostacyclin. Similarly, pulsatile flow enhanced prostacyclin release at both low and high pressures, being more pronounced with the latter.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

急性梗阻性化脓性胆管炎合并糖尿病引发严重腹腔感染的治疗

急性梗阻性化脓性胆管炎（AOSC）是临床中凶险的急腹症之一,又称为急性重症胆管炎.若该病合并糖尿病,其发生腹腔感染的危险性大大增加,并进一步引发胆汁漏、肠瘘等,导致生命危险.而腹腔感染的处置得当与否对患者预后非常关键.2013年5-7月解放军第四二五医院收治1例AOSC合并糖尿病患者,因家属早期拒绝手术、手术前后血糖控制不严格致反复腹腔感染、脓肿形成,引发胆汁漏、肠瘘等严重并发症.患者经3次手术、禁食、胃肠减压、肠外营养及应用生长抑素、加强抗感染等治疗后痊愈出院.     

三镜联合与开腹手术治疗急性梗阻化脓性胆管炎的对比分析

目的:探讨三镜联合治疗急性梗阻化脓性胆管炎的临床疗效。方法:收集2007年3月至2010年3月为22例急性梗阻化脓性胆管炎患者行三镜联合手术的临床资料,并与同期24例开腹手术进行对比分析。结果:术中出血量、胃肠功能恢复时间、术后并发症及住院时间三镜联合治疗组明显优于开腹手术(P<0.05);术后一周实验室检查指标(白细胞计数、结合胆红素、谷丙转氨酶、血清白蛋白、胆碱酯酶)较开腹组明显好转(P<0.05)。结论:三镜联合治疗急性梗阻化脓性胆管炎患者创伤小、康复快、并发症少,手术安全可行。