符合线路SPECT/低剂量CT 18F-FDG显像在肺肿瘤术前诊断中的应用

目的评价带有低剂量定位CT系统的SPECT对肺癌诊断和非小细胞性肺癌（NSCLC）纵隔淋巴结转移诊断的临床价值。方法使用GE-Millennium VG with Hawkeye成像仪对高分辨CT不能确诊的48例可疑肺癌患者进行了^18F—FDG符合线路显像,将显像结果与术后病理诊断进行比较,评价其对肺部原发肿瘤良、恶性鉴别诊断的价值;同时,对24例NSCLC患者术中摘取的74个淋巴结在相应淋巴结区内进行^18F—FDG符合线路显像与病理诊断之间的病灶与病灶对比,评价其对淋巴结转移诊断的临床价值。结果^18F—FDG符合线路显像显示,有40例患者出现了肺部异常FDG摄取情况。根据形态及核素摄取特征,^18F—FDG符合线路显像正确检出恶性病变34例,排除恶性病变6例,出现假阳性6例和假阴性2例,对原发肺癌诊断的灵敏度、特异性和准确性分别为94．4％、50．0％和83．3％;同时,在4例患者中检出了CT未发现的、发生于肾上腺和骨的肺外转移。恶性肿瘤对FDG的摄取明显高于良性肿瘤,且鳞癌高于腺癌。在NSCLC纵隔淋巴结转移的诊断中,淋巴结区与淋巴结区的对比显示,^18F—FDG符合线路显像对纵隔淋巴结转移诊断的灵敏度、特异性和准确性分别为57．9％、90．9％和82．4％;而影像诊断与临床诊断之间的比较显示,其诊断的灵敏度、特异性和准确性分别为61、5％、81、8％和70．8％。结论使用带有低剂量定位CT系统的SPECT行^18F—FDG显像,对肺部肿瘤的良、恶性鉴别诊断及肺外转移病灶的检出具有较高的诊断价值,但在对NSCLC患者的临床分期上其应用价值有限。     

18F-FDG联合99mTc-MDP显像在乳腺癌术后随访中的应用

目的：探讨^18F—FDG符合探测显像联合^99mTc—MDP骨显像在乳腺癌手术化疗后早期随访中，监测其复发及转移的临床应用价值。方法：81例乳腺癌患者手术化疗后3年内，分别行^18F—FDG符合探测显像、^99mTc—MDP骨显像、CT显像，计算灵敏度、特异性、准确性。结果：81例乳腺癌手术化疗后患者中，经病理检查或临床及其他影像学诊断转移31例，^18F—FDG符合探测显像对复发及转移患者监测的灵敏度、特异性、准确性分别为74．2％、92．0％、85．2％；CT显像对复发及转移患者监测的灵敏度、特异性、准确性分别为58．1％、88．0％、76．5％；^18F—FDG符合探测显像联合^99mTc—MDP骨显像诊断对复发及转移患者监测的灵敏度、特异性、准确性分别为93．5％、92．0％、92．6％。结论：^18F—FDG符合探测显像联合^99mTc—MDP骨显像对乳腺癌手术化疗后患者的早期随访中，灵敏度、特异性、准确性均较高。对监测其复发及转移具有重要的临床应用价值。     

FDG PET对非小细胞肺癌纵隔淋巴结分期的价值

目的 评价FDGPET显像对非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)纵隔淋巴结分期的价值。方法 对70例经病理证实为NSCLC的病例进行FDGPET显像，以纵隔淋巴结FDG摄取增高及SUV≥2．5作为阳性判断标准，进行纵隔淋巴结分期，并与CT结果比较。结果 PET对纵隔淋巴结转移诊断的灵敏度、特异性和准确率分别为100％、93％和94％。且阳性淋巴结数目和部位与病理结果完全符合，使12例术前临床分期得以纠正。CT的灵敏度、特异性和准确率分别为70％、77％和76％。结论 PET对NSCLC纵隔淋巴结的准确分期有很高的应用价值，有助于指导临床治疗方案的制定。     

^18F-FDG PET对肺癌及纵隔淋巴结转移的诊断价值

[目的]评价^18F—FDG PET对肺癌诊断及纵隔淋巴结分期的作用。[方法]周围型肺部肿块患者109例,其中经病理证实的非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）79例;健康体检300例。FDG PET显像后,目测和标准摄取值（SUV）相结合判断病灶良恶性,并与病理结果对照分析。[结果]PET显像对肺癌诊断的敏感性和特异性分别为89．8％和76．2％;对纵隔淋巴结分期的灵敏度和特异性分别为100．0％和95．7％;9．67％（年龄51～69岁）的健康体检者纵隔淋巴结高摄取。[结论]^18F-FDGPET对肺癌诊断及分期有较高临床价值。结合年龄、病史及其它影像学检查讲行综合判断十分重要。     

^18F-FDG PET显像在食管癌诊断中的临床意义

目的：探讨正电子发射型电子计算机断层(positron emission computed tomography，PET)显像在食管癌早期诊断以及临床分期中的临床应用价值。方法：23例食管癌患者，进行全身^18F-脱氧葡萄糖(^18F-fluorodeoxy-glucose，^18F-FDG)PET显像，并与外科手术或内镜活检病理结果和CT检查结果对照。结果：46倒患者中PET显像食管部位均有异常放射性浓聚灶，经病理确诊，46处食管浓聚灶均为食管癌原发病灶。其中28例为单发病灶，2例为食管多发灶，其余16例除食管原发病灶外，还有其他部位32个病灶，经临床和病理证实为远处转移病灶。与46例PET显像前CT结果相比较，PET共检出食管部位恶性病灶46例，检出率为100．0％，而CT仪检出34例，检出率为73．9％。46例中确诊有其他部位转移者18例，PET检出18例，检出率为100．0％，而PET显像前CT仅检出6例，检出率为33．3％。27例手术治疗者PET分期与临床病理分期一致，而常规检查对食管癌临床分期高估5例，低估12例，PET显像改变了这17例患者的临床治疗方案。结论：^18F-FDG-PET显像对食管癌的诊断、淋巴结和远处转移的分期、治疗方案的制定有重要的临床应用价值。     

FDG PET显像结合增强CT扫描在肺癌术前分期中的价值

目的研究18 F-脱氧葡萄糖(FDG)PET显像结合胸部CT在原发性肺癌术前分期中的价值.方法回顾性分析32例原发性肺癌患者,对术前CT分期、FDG PET结合CT分期与术后病理分期的符合率进行比较.结果4例全身PET显像发现远处有18 F-FDG摄取增高者放弃手术,28例开胸手术中,FDG PET诊断肺门、纵隔恶性淋巴结的灵敏度与准确度显著优于CT检查,P＜0.05;FDG PET结合CT检查术前分期与术后病理分期的符合率(92.9%)较CT检查有显著意义的提高,P＜0.05.结论FDG PET结合CT检查能提高术前肺癌分期的准确率,有助于改进对治疗方案的选择并指导手术操作的进行.     

^18FDG—PET诊断卵巢癌治疗后复发的价值

目的评价^18FDG—PET诊断卵巢癌治疗后复发的价值。方法对54例临床疑有复发的卵巢癌患者进行了^18FDG—PET全身及腹部成像、CT、血清CA125检测,并对结果进行分析比较。结果54例临床疑有复发的卵巢癌患者中,病理组织学证实肿瘤复发35例。^18FDG—PET检查39／54例显示阳性;CT常规影像检查28／54例阳性;29／54例血清CA125升高。PET、CT、及血清CA125监测卵巢癌复发和转移的灵敏度、特异性和准确性分别为100．00％、78．95％和92．59％;74．29％、89．47％和79．63％;80．oo％、94．74％和85．19％。PET对检测卵巢癌复发和转移诊断的阳性率高于血清CA125和CT。PET—CT联合、PET联合CA125、CT联合CA125、PET—CT联合CA125监测卵巢癌复发和转移的灵敏度、特异性和准确性分别为100．00％、73．68％和90．74％;100．00％、73．68％和90．74％;80．00％、89．47％和83．33％;100．00％、68．42％和88．89％。结论^18FDG—PET全身显像作为无创伤性检查技术,能及时探测到复发或扩散肿瘤的代谢变化,可以为卵巢癌术后随访提供一种有效的非侵入性影像学诊断方法。     

18F-FDG符合线路SPECT显像在胃肠道恶性肿瘤术后的应用

目的探讨^18F—FDG符合线路SPECT显像在探测胃肠道恶性肿瘤术后复发和远处转移中的应用价值。方法24例胃肠道恶性肿瘤术后患者，其中食管癌4例，胃癌7例，结肠癌6例，直肠癌7例，运用SIEMENS ECAM^deut SPECT仪进行^18F—FDG显像。结果^18F—FDG显像诊断胃肠道恶性肿瘤术后转移和复发的灵敏度为94．7％，特异性80．0％，准确性91．7％。在^18F—FDG显像真阳性18例中，2例为局部复发，5例为局部复发伴转移，11例为远处转移。在有复发的7例患者中，5例^18F—FDG显像结果与CT检查结果一致，2例CT检查局部未见异常，在有转移的16例患者中，共检出转移灶55处。结论符合线路SPECT仪^18F—FDG显像是检测胃肠道恶性肿瘤术后复发和转移的敏感而有效的方法。     

非小细胞肺癌纵隔淋巴结分期诊断研究进展

目的 肺癌是全球死亡率最高的恶性肿瘤之一,其中80％是非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC).本研究回顾总结国内外NSCLC纵隔淋巴结分期诊断的研究进展,为临床采取合适的检查方法及治疗方案提供一定指导.方法 应用PubMed、中国知网、万方数据库、维普中文期刊服务平台等检索系统,以“NSCLC、术前、纵隔淋巴结分期、电子发射计算机体层显像-X线计算机体层(integrated positron emission tomography-computed tomography,PET-CT)、计算机断层成像(computed tomography,CT)、磁共振成像(magnetic resonance imaging,MRI)、纵隔镜、针吸活检术”为关键词,检索2000-07-27-2016-03-05相关文献,纳入标准:(1) NSCLC纵隔淋巴结的有创性外科检查方法;(2) NSCLC纵膈淋巴结的无创性影像学检查方法.结果 根据纳入标准纳入分析40篇相关文献.总结出无创性影像学分期、有创性外科分期各检查的优缺点、灵敏度、特异度、准确度、假阳性率、假阴性率及临床应用情况.NSCLC纵隔淋巴结检查方法中,CT对纵隔淋巴结分期的灵敏度(61.1％)及特异性(71.1％)均较低;脱氧葡萄糖(fluorodeox-yglucose,FDG)PET-CT灵敏度和特异度分别是64％和83.3％,但其价格昂贵;磁共振扩散加权成像诊断NSCLC纵隔淋巴结转移的效能优于FDG PET-CT;纵隔镜灵敏度和特异度分别是78％和100％,存在一定的并发症(2％)和死亡率(0.08％);支气管内镜超声引导针吸活检操作方便,其灵敏度和特异度分别是92％和100％,不能取检主动脉旁及下纵隔淋巴结.结论 CT已作为评估NSCLC纵隔淋巴结分期的常规检查;FDG PET-CT是最准确的无创性检查方法;纵隔镜是目前诊断纵隔淋巴结分期的金标准,未来的趋势是各技术整合、优势互补以达到更准确的NSCLC纵隔分期.     

18F-脱氧葡萄糖PET判断头颈部癌复发的价值

目的：探讨^18F-脱氧葡萄糖（FDG）正电子发射型体层摄影术（PET）在头颈部癌瘤复发的临床价值。方法：37例头颈部恶性肿瘤，临床疑复发行FDG PET显像（19例全身显像，18例局部显像），其中34例同期行CT或MRI检查，最后诊断依靠病理检查和临床随访。结果：37例患者中FDG PET显像阳性25例，其中3例假阳性；阴性12例，其中假阴性2例。FDG PET显像的敏感性、特异性和准确率分别为91．7％、76．9％和86．5％，CT或MRI检查的分别为68．2％、75．0％和61．8％。在19例FDG PET全身显像中，11例除头颈FDG异常浓聚外，6例还发现有远地转移。结论：评价头颈部癌瘤复发，FDG PET比CT或MRI有更高准确性。     

The role of positron emission tomography in evaluating mediastinal lymph node metastases in non-small-cell lung cancer

Positron emission tomography (PET) is a modality that differentiates malignant from benign processes based upon metabolism rather than anatomy. A number of studies have confirmed improved accuracy of PET over computed tomography (CT), but until a few recent studies, most had failed to include satisfactory histologic confirmation. The objective of this study was to compare PET and CT to histologic staging of the mediastinum in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Histologic examination of mediastinal lymph nodes (MLNs) was performed on 40 patients with NSCLC at mediastinoscopy and/or at surgical resection. PET scans were interpreted by one of two nuclear medicine physicians, blinded to histology, using CT scans for anatomic localization. CT scans were independently evaluated for mediastinal lymphadenopathy. The overall accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of PET were 78% (31 of 40), 67% (four of six), and 79% (27 of 34), respectively. The overall accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of CT were 68% (27 of 40), 50% (three of six), and 71% (24 of 34), respectively. PET was superior to CT at correctly identifying mediastinal nodal metastases; however, both modalities were inferior to the gold standard of surgical staging. PET is more accurate than CT in staging the mediastinum of patients with NSCLC. PET failed to identify lymph node metastasis in 33% of patients with histologically proven MLN involvement, and false positives were present in 15%. At present, mediastinoscopy should remain the standard of care for preoperative mediastinal staging for NSCLC.     

Mediastinal nodal staging of nonsmall cell lung cancer using integrated 18F-FDG PET/CT in a tuberculosis-endemic country: diagnostic efficacy in 674 patients

BACKGROUND: Integrated (18)fluorine fluorodeoxyglucose ((18)F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) has shown somewhat variable sensitivity and specificity for mediastinal nodal staging in granulomatous disease endemic areas. The purpose of the study was to prospectively evaluate the efficacy of PET/CT for mediastinal nodal staging in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients in a tuberculosis-endemic country. METHODS: Prospective assessment of the diagnostic efficacy of integrated PET/CT for detecting mediastinal nodal metastasis was performed in 674 patients (M:F ratio = 502:172; mean age, 61 years) with NSCLC. Patients underwent an integrated PET/CT examination and subsequent surgical nodal staging (by mediastinoscopy only in 121 patients and by thoracotomy in 553). Nodes showing greater (18)F-FDG uptake than mediastinum at PET without benign calcification or high attenuation >70 household unit (HU) at unenhanced CT were regarded as being positive for malignancy. The histologic nodal assessment results were used as reference standards. RESULTS: Of 2477 mediastinal nodal stations evaluated in 674 patients, 275 (11%) stations in 180 (27%) patients proved to be malignant. On a per-person basis, the overall sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of PET/CT for mediastinal nodal staging were 61% (110 of 180), 96% (473 of 494), and 86% (583 of 674), respectively. On a per-nodal station basis, they were 46% (126 of 275), 98% (2154 of 2202), and 92% (2280 of 2477). CONCLUSIONS: Integrated PET/CT provides high specificity and reasonably high accuracy, but somewhat low sensitivity for mediastinal nodal staging of NSCLCs. The high specificity is achieved at the expense of sensitivity by interpreting calcified nodes or nodes with high attenuation at CT, even with high FDG uptake at PET, as benign in a tuberculosis-endemic region.     

Utility of positron emission tomography for the staging of patients with potentially operable esophageal carcinoma.

PURPOSE: A prospective study of preoperative tumor-node-metastasis staging of patients with esophageal cancer (EC) was designed to compare the accuracy of 18-F-fluoro-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) with conventional noninvasive modalities. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Seventy-four patients with carcinomas of the esophagus (n = 43) or gastroesophageal junction (n = 31) were studied. All patients underwent attenuation-corrected FDG-PET imaging, a spiral computed tomography (CT) scan, and an endoscopic ultrasound (EUS). RESULTS: FDG-PET demonstrated increased activity in the primary tumor in 70 of 74 patients (sensitivity: 95%). False-negative PET images were found in four patients with T1 lesions. Thirty-four patients (46%) had stage IV disease. FDG-PET had a higher accuracy for diagnosing stage IV disease compared with the combination of CT and EUS (82% v 64%, respectively; P: =.004). FDG-PET had additional diagnostic value in 16 (22%) of 74 patients by upstaging 11 (15%) and downstaging five (7%) patients. Thirty-nine (53%) of the 74 patients underwent a 2- or 3-field lymphadenectomy in conjunction with primary curative esophagectomy. In these patients, tumoral involvement was found in 21 local and 35 regional or distant lymph nodes (LN). For local LN, the sensitivity of FDG-PET was lower than EUS (33% v 81%, respectively; P: =.027), but the specificity may have been higher (89% v 67%, respectively; P: = not significant [NS]). For the assessment of regional and distant LN involvement, compared with the combined use of CT and EUS, FDG-PET had a higher specificity (90% v 98%, respectively; P: =. 025) and a similar sensitivity (46% v 43%, respectively; P: = NS). CONCLUSION: PET significantly improves the detection of stage IV disease in EC compared with the conventional staging modalities. PET improves diagnostic specificity for LN staging.     

Diagnostic value of fluorine 18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography for the detection of metastases in non–small‐cell lung cancer patients

In the recent years, fluorine 18 fluorodeoxyglucose (¹⁸F‐FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) has emerged as a new modality for staging non–small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. The aim of this meta‐analysis was to assess the diagnostic value of ¹⁸F‐FDG PET/CT in detecting metastatic lesions in NSCLC patients. Meta‐analysis methods were used to pool sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likehood ratios, diagnostic odd ratios and to construct a summary receiver‐operating characteristic curve. Data from included studies were pooled to compare the diagnostic accuracy between PET/CT and PET or CT alone in nodal staging. Totally, 56 studies involving 8,699 patients met the inclusion criteria. The pooled sensitivities and specificities of ¹⁸F‐FDG PET/CT were 0.72 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.65–0.78] and 0.91 (95% CI: 0.86–0.94) in determining mediastinal nodal staging; 0.71 (95% CI: 0.60–0.80) and 0.83 (95% CI: 0.77–0.88) in intrathoracic staging; 0.78 (95% CI: 0.64–0.87) and 0.90 (95% CI: 0.84–0.94) in intrathoracic staging on a per‐node basis. For detecting extrathoracic metastases, the pooled sensitivities and specificities of ¹⁸F‐FDG PET/CT were 0.77 (95% CI: 0.47–0.93) and 0.95 (95% CI: 0.92–0.97) for all extrathoracic metastases; 0.91 (95% CI: 0.80–0.97) and 0.98 (95% CI: 0.94–0.99) for bone metastases. ¹⁸F‐FDG PET/CT is beneficial in detecting lymph node metastases and extrathoracic metastases although PET/CT showed low sensitivity in detecting brain metastases. ¹⁸F‐FDG PET/CT confers significantly higher sensitivity and specificity than contrast‐enhanced CT (both p < 0.01) and higher sensitivity than ¹⁸F‐FDG PET in staging NSCLC (p < 0.05).     

Endoscopic ultrasound evaluation in the diagnosis and staging of lung cancer

The detection of mediastinal lymph node metastases in patients with lung cancer is most important. These nodes may be used for tissue diagnosis of the malignancy, if sampling techniques of the primary have failed. Their presence implies a stage III disease and may exclude a patient from surgery. CT is the standard imaging, but is relatively poor at staging the mediastinum (overall sensitivity: 50-70%), and is especially unreliable for lesions <1 cm. PET is a new physiological imaging technique, which seems to be superior to CT (sensitivity: 67-100%). Transesophageal EUS delivers high resolution imaging, offers the advantage of simultaneous tissue sampling (EUS-FNA sensitivity: 84-94%), but is limited to the posterior mediastinum. This review compares the diagnostic value of CT, PET and EUS as well as the different tissue sampling methods for mediastinal metastases with EUS-FNA. The technique of EUS and FNA is described, and a special interest is taken to stress out the different areas of the mediastinum accessible for each of the tissue sampling methods as well as the pros and cons for its use. Advantages and disadvantages of EUS-FNA are shown and the new efforts described to improve the outcome of EUS-FNA by adding molecular methods for the detection of micrometastases.     

Accuracy and clinical impact of mediastinal lymph node staging with FDG-PET imaging in potentially resectable lung cancer

To determine the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of staging mediastinal nodal disease in potentially resectable lung cancer using fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET), computed tomography (CT), or both and compare these results to surgical staging. We also assessed whether PET scanning results changed clinical management. From 1992 to 1997, 50 patients underwent CT, and PET scanning before or close to the time of surgical staging. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and predictive values were then calculated based on pathology results. A retrospective review of the records was performed to determine how PET results affected clinical treatment decisions. Forty-seven of 50 patients had non-small-cell lung cancer. The prevalence of pathologically confirmed mediastinal and hilar involvement was 38%. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of mediastinal disease staging were as follows: CT alone = 73%, 77%, 76%; PET alone = 73%, 94%, 87%; PET + CT = 82%, 96%, 91%, respectively. PET was more specific and accurate than CT (p = 0.025). The results of PET changed management decisions in 12 of 50 cases (24%). Using FDG-PET in conjunction with CT scanning provides the most accurate staging of mediastinal disease in lung cancer by contributing complementary information. Furthermore, PET can affect clinical decision-making and allow some patients considered unresectable a chance for resection.     

Mediastinal lymph node staging by means of positron emission tomography is less sensitive in elderly patients with non-small-cell lung cancer

PURPOSE: We sought to identify the impact of age on the sensitivity and specificity of integrated positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET-CT; CT) on mediastinal lymph node staging of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). PATIENTS AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective review of 206 consecutive patients with histologically proven NSCLC who underwent resection and/or mediastinoscopy in our center between September 2004 and January 2007. All of these patients had preoperative staging with integrated PET-CT as an adjunct to chest CT before resection and/or mediastinoscopy. Diabetic patients and patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy were excluded. The pathologic results of all of these cases were reviewed and correlated with those on CT and integrated PET-CT. RESULTS: The sensitivity and positive predictive values (PPV) of PET-CT in mediastinal nodal staging were significantly lower in elderly patients (age>or=65 years; sensitivity, 42%; PPV, 66%) than in younger patients (age<65 years; sensitivity, 52%; PPV, 74%). Specificity and negative predictive values were similar in both groups. CONCLUSION: PET-CT staging of the mediastinum is less sensitive in elderly patients with NSCLC who have a lower PPV. Positive mediastinal uptake on PET-CT should be verified by mediastinoscopy, irrespective of age. Elderly patients with positive mediastinal uptake should not be refuted a curative intent surgical resection on the basis of positive mediastinal uptake alone.     

Role of fluorine-18 fluoro-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography scan in the evaluation and follow-up of patients with low-grade lymphomas

BACKGROUND: Fluorine-18 fluoro-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) scanning has excellent sensitivity and specificity for staging non-Hodgkin lymphomas, but to the authors' knowledge few studies to date have evaluated FDG-PET in low-grade lymphomas only. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed on patients with biopsy-proven nontransformed and transformed follicular lymphoma (FL), B-cell small-cell lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL/CLL), or marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) who underwent PET and computed tomography (CT) scans within 3 weeks. Standard uptake values (SUV) of all abnormal foci were measured. RESULTS: In FL, PET demonstrated 94% sensitivity and 100% specificity for staging. PET was more specific than CT for detecting recurrence or assessing therapeutic responses (91% vs. 50%). FDG avidity among patients with WHO Grades 1, 2, and 3 disease was not significantly different (analysis of variance [ANOVA]). For MZL staging, PET had moderate sensitivity (71%) and outperformed CT alone in the depiction of extranodal sites (85% vs. 57% sensitivity). In SLL/CLL, PET sensitivity was 53% and underestimated disease extent in 5 of 19 patients (26%) compared with CT. PET did not affect initial management but confirmed suspected recurrences in 75% of patients. Nontransformed FL had a higher SUV (ANOVA, P < .05) compared with MZL and SLL/CLL. SUV was higher in transformed than in nontransformed tumors (P < .001, Student t test). CONCLUSIONS: PET usefulness in staging low-grade lymphomas varies depending on histology. PET sensitivity is excellent in FL and moderate in MZL. PET is more specific than CT for follow-up in all types. PET has limited usefulness for SLL/CLL staging. However, a suggestive pattern of hazy and mild uptake was often noted in positive scans. In all low-grade lymphomas, the emergence of foci of intense uptake should raise suspicion of conversion to high-grade disease.     

非小细胞肺癌纵隔淋巴结分期:螺旋CT和病理检查对照

背景与目的:非小细胞肺癌纵隔淋巴结分期对肿瘤的规范化治疗方案的选择和预后判断具有极其重要的意义。本研究旨在通过比较螺旋CT和病理检查对非小细胞肺癌纵隔淋巴结分期的结果,评价螺旋CT检查对纵隔淋巴结分期的临床参考价值。方法:对89例病理确诊的非小细胞肺癌患者同时进行螺旋CT检查和纵隔镜检查,将CT对纵隔淋巴结分期结果与淋巴结最后病理分期做一一对照,对比分析螺旋CT检查诊断纵隔淋巴结转移的敏感性、特异性和准确率。结果:与纵隔淋巴结最后病理分期一一对照,螺旋CT检查诊断纵隔淋巴结转移的敏感性为58.9%,特异性为70.0%,阳性预测值60.5%,阴性预测值68.6%,总的准确率为65.2%。螺旋CT检查诊断4R、5、6、7组淋巴结转移的准确率和特异性偏低,诊断4R组和7组淋巴结转移的假阳性和假阴性较高。结论:螺旋CT检查对非小细胞肺癌纵隔淋巴结临床分期有一定的临床参考价值,但存在一定的假阳性和假阴性,应结合其他检查手段,比如纵隔镜,以进行更精确的分期。     

A prospective evaluation of the utility of 2‐deoxy‐2‐[18F]fluoro‐D‐glucose positron emission tomography and computed tomography in staging locally advanced gastric cancer

BACKGROUND:

The aim of this study was to examine prospectively the utility of adding preoperative [¹⁸F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET)/computed tomography (CT) to routine CT, endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), and laparoscopic staging of localized gastric cancer.

METHODS:

Patients with locally advanced gastric/gastroesophageal cancer were screened for 2 institutional review board–approved Memorial Sloan‐Kettering Cancer Center neoadjuvant chemotherapy protocols. Locally advanced disease was defined as T3 or T4, or lymph node–positive, based on EUS and high‐resolution CT scan. All patients underwent both standard FDG‐PET/CT and laparoscopy with cytological examination of washings. The sensitivity and specificity of FDG‐PET/CT for the identification of metastatic disease not seen on CT was determined. An economic model using Medicare/Medicaid reimbursement charges was developed to assess the cost‐effectiveness of these interventions.

RESULTS:

A total of 113 patients were enrolled from 2003 to 2010. All patients were assessed as having locally advanced disease by CT/EUS. FDG uptake in the primary tumor was associated with male sex, proximal tumors, and nondiffuse Lauren's subtype. 31 (27%) patients had occult metastatic disease detected by PET/CT (n = 11, 10%) and/or laparoscopy (n = 21, 19%), with a single overlap. Economic modeling suggests that the addition of FDG‐PET/CT to the standard staging evaluation of patients with locally advanced gastric cancer resulted in an estimated cost savings of ～US $13,000 per patient.

CONCLUSIONS:

FDG‐PET/CT identifies occult metastatic lesions in approximately 10% of patients with locally advanced gastric cancer. Because of reduced morbidity from fewer futile surgeries and lower patient care costs, PET/CT should be considered as a component of the standard staging algorithm for localized gastric cancer. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.