排龈在龈下楔状缺损治疗中的应用

目的：观察排龈在龈下楔状缺损充填修复中的临床疗效。方法：选择36例120颗龈下楔状缺损患牙,随机分为实验组和对照组,每组60颗,实验组使用排龈线排龈后Z350复合树脂修复,对照组直接树脂修复,随访2年。追踪观察实验组和对照组充填物脱落情况和边缘密合状况。结果：充填治疗后0．5年两组的充填物脱落发生率无统计学差异（P〈0．01）。在治疗1、2年后,两组充填物脱落发生率和边缘密合性方面有统计差异学（P〈0．05）,实验组疗效优于对照组。结论：龈下楔状缺损修复中应用排龈技术能有效提高临床治疗效果。     

排龈线在治疗楔状缺损中的临床应用

目的　探讨使用排龈线对光固化复合树脂治疗楔状缺损疗效的影响。方法　选择唇颊面牙颈部楔状缺损的患者49例,共215颗患牙,随机分为实验组和对照组,其中105颗纳入实验组,110颗纳入对照组,实验组在排龈线排龈后,用光固化复合树脂充填治疗,对照组直接用光固化复合树脂充填治疗。追踪观察实验组和对照组充填后充填物悬突的发生率及充填物脱落的情况。结果　充填后2周复查实验组和对照组悬突的发生率差异有显著性（χ2=13.91,P<0.01）。充填治疗1年后实验组和对照组充填物脱落率差异有统计学意义（χ2=8.56,P<0.05）。结论　楔状缺损在充填治疗中应用排龈线排龈能有效降低充填物悬突的发生率和有效提高充填物的保存率。     

排龈术与肩台车针联合应用于老年人根面龋治疗的效果评价

目的观察将排龈线与肩台车针联合应用于老年人根面龋治疗的临床疗效。方法选择患有根面龋的老年患者68例,随机分为实验组(排龈线组)和对照组(传统法组)各34例,其中实验组患牙85颗,对照组患牙93颗。排龈线组备牙前在龈沟内放入排龈线,然后以肩台车针预备洞型;传统法组直接用传统裂钻和球钻进行窝洞预备,备牙后两组均采用DyractAP复合体充填窝洞。观察2组患牙备牙后发生牙龈损伤出血、充填后形成悬突以及1年后的充填效果。结果排龈线组牙体预备后牙龈损伤出血率和充填后悬突形成率均低于传统法组,1年后排龈线组充填成功率高于传统法组,3者差异均有显著性(P<0.005)。结论排龈线与肩台车针联合应用于老年人根面龋治疗可以取得更佳的疗效。     

不同排龈方法修复龈下楔状缺损临床疗效观察

目的:评估不同排龈方法修复龈下楔状缺损(楔缺)的临床疗效。方法:选择颈部边缘位于龈下0～2 mm内较难充填的楔缺,分3组:I组:龈边缘位于龈下0～1 mm的楔缺40个,使用排龈线排龈;II组:龈边缘位于龈下0～1 mm的楔缺40个,使用推龈器排龈;III组:龈边缘位于龈下1～2 mm的楔缺20个,使用推龈器排龈;IV组:龈边缘位于龈上的楔缺40个,直接充填,作为对照。各组均使用可乐丽菲露自酸蚀粘接剂粘接,3M Z250树脂进行充填。治疗后1年随访,以改良的USPHS直接临床评价系统评估疗效。数据行卡方检验。结果:I-III组病例修复体均无脱落,对照组有2个脱落。楔缺修复1年后4组成功率差异无显著性;在充填体脱落、边缘适合性、继发龋、边缘着色、新发缺损、牙龈反应及牙髓反应7个方面,4组间差异均无显著性(P>0.05);对于任何一组,基线与1年后复查的差异均无显著性(P>0.05)。结论:在采用有效排龈方法的前提下,龈下楔状缺损的修复可取得满意疗效,颈部边缘于龈下的深度并不影响治疗效果;推龈器的使用对于龈下楔状缺损的治疗有较大帮助。     

排龈技术在牙体缺损修复中的应用

目的观察排龈对3MZ250复合树脂修复牙体缺损疗效的影响。方法选择31例120颗唇颊面牙颈部龋缺损牙,随机分为实验组和对照组,每组60颗,经窝洞预备后,实验组排龈线排龈后3MZ250复合树脂修复,对照组直接树脂修复,随访2年,评价修复体保存、继发龋以及边缘密合状况。结果充填后1周复查,使用排龈线组修复后悬突的发生率低于对照组,差异有显著性（P〈0．01）。充填后0．5年复查两组脱落率无明显差异;1年及2年后复查实验纽充填体的脱落率明显低于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论排龈可提高3MZ250复合树脂修复牙体缺损的修复体保存率,可以作为一项常规使用措施。     

龈缘及龈下龋损治疗中应用排龈线的临床疗效评价

目的观察将排龈线应用于龈缘及龈下龋损光固化树脂充填治疗的临床疗效。方法将60例龈缘及龈下龋损的患者130颗患牙,随机分为试验组（排龈组）68颗和对照组（不排龈组）62颗,进行光固化树脂充填。观察1年后疗效。结果试验组1年后充填物无脱落92.64%,对照组为80.64%;试验组1年后无继发龋发生95.59%,对照组为83.87%;试验组1年后无边缘性龈炎发生98.53%,对照组为75.81%;经χ^2检验,两组差异有统计学意义。试验组1年后疗效满意。结论作为一种选择性辅助隔离方法 ,在光固化树脂充填龈缘及龈下龋损中应用排龈线可以取得较好的临床疗效。     

排龈线在楔状缺损修复中的应用

目的探讨排龈线在楔状缺损修复中的作用。方法选择患2颗以上楔状缺损的患者46例,共235颗患牙,分为2组（排龈组和不排龈组）,分别在排龈后进行充填治疗或不排龈直接行充填治疗。追踪观察排龈组和不排龈组充填物脱落情况及牙龈健康状况。结果充填治疗前2组的龈炎发生率无统计学差异（χ2=0.07,P〉0.05）。治疗1年后,2组充填物脱落率（χ2=8.56,P〈0.05）、龈炎发生率（χ2=4.98,P〈0.05）差异有统计学意义,排龈组充填治疗疗效优于不排龈组。结论楔状缺损修复中应用排龈线排龈能有效提高临床治疗效果。     

排龈线结合推龈器排龈修复龈下楔状缺损的临床疗效

目的评估排龈线结合推龈器排龈修复龈下楔状缺损的临床疗效。方法选择缺损边缘位于龈下1² mm楔状缺损牙齿240颗随机分为排龈线组、推龈器组和联合组,各80颗。排龈线组使用排龈线排龈,推龈器组使用推龈器排龈,联合组使用排龈线结合推龈器排龈。各组均使用可乐丽菲露自酸蚀粘结剂粘结,可乐丽菲露AP-XTM树脂进行充填。治疗后1年随访,追踪观察3组充填材料脱落情况和牙龈健康状况。结果联合组1年后充填材料脱落4颗,充填材料保存完好的76颗患牙中有3颗发生牙龈炎,充填材料脱落率和龈炎发生率分别为5.00%、3.95%。排龈线组1年后充填材料脱落12颗,充填材料保存完好的68颗患牙中有9颗发生牙龈炎,脱落率和龈炎发生率分别为15.00%、13.24%。推龈器组1年后充填材料脱落15颗,充填材料保存完好的65颗患牙中有11颗发生牙龈炎,脱落率和龈炎发生率分别为18.75%、16.92%。联合组的脱落率和龈炎发生率比排龈线组及推龈器组低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论龈下楔状缺损修复中应用排龈线结合推龈器排龈能有效提高临床治疗效果。     

排龈技术联合流动复合树脂和自酸蚀粘结剂在龈下楔状缺损修复中的临床应用

目的评估排龈技术联合流动复合树脂和自酸蚀粘结剂修复楔状缺损的效果。方法选择龈壁齐龈缘或位于龈下≤1 mm楔状缺损患者20例(90颗患牙),排龈组使用#00Ulrapak排龈线排龈,联合流动复合树脂和自酸蚀粘结剂修复楔状缺损,而对照组直接充填,不排龈。修复后1年复查,以美国公共卫生署直接临床评价系统评估临床疗效结果。结果 1年后复查,排龈组成功率为100%,高于未排龈的对照组(成功率为86.7%),有显著性统计学差异(P<0.01)。排龈组A级达40颗(88.9%),而对照组A级仅21颗(46.7%),统计学有显著差异(P<0.01)。结论排龈技术联合流动复合树脂、自酸蚀粘结剂修复龈下楔状缺损获得良好的效果,值得临床推广应用。     

高频电刀切龈术在楔状缺损修复中的临床应用

目的：观察高频电刀切龈用于较深楔状缺损充填的临床效果。方法：选择72例较深龈下楔状缺损病例,随机分为二组,分别进行高频电刀切龈术后充填及排龈线排龈后充填,1～2年后对充填体进行临床评价。结果：高频电刀切龈术后充填满意率高于常规排龈组,且脱落率低。结论：高频电刀切龈后进行充填,临床效果优于常规排龈后充填组。     

Evidence of the validity of a model of determinants of quality of restorative dental care

A model describing the relationship between self-reported quality of restorative dentistry and dentist characteristics for 119 Montana general dentists is presented. The best predictors formed a significant model explaining 22% of the variance of the quality measure. Results are contrasted with a previous estimation of the model for 102 Washington general practitioners. Evidence for the external validity of the model is presented.     

Experimental evidence of formation of imines in the course of reduction of hydrazones

The reduction of hydrazones is generally suggested to proceed through a reductive cleavage of the nitrogen–nitrogen bond followed by a reduction of the carbon–nitrogen bond. This sequence of reduction processes is here supported for fluorenone (V) and benzophenone (VI) hydrazones as well as by a comparison of the reduction of fluorenone and benzophenone hydrazonium ions (I,III) with corresponding imines (II,IV). Another proof of the presence of imines as intermediates is the splitting of four-electron waves of hydrazones V and VI and hydrazonium ions I and VIII into two waves at pH < 2. This has been interpreted as due to differences in slopes dE_1/2/dpH and pK_a-values of protonated hydrazine derivatives on one side and corresponding imines on the other. In this pH-range imines formed in reductions of VI and VIII are reduced in a single two-electron wave, those of I and V in two one-electron steps. Fluorenone imine (II) is sufficiently stable to allow recording of time-independent current–voltage curves between pH 6 and 11. In this pH-range the imine (II) is reduced in two one-electron steps. Benzophenone imine (IV) has been found stable between pH 4.6 and 12. At pH 4.6–8 the reduction of the imine IV takes place in a single two-electron step, at pH 8–12 in two one-electron steps. Final proof of the initial cleavage of the N–N bond is presented by comparison with the reduction of nitrones.     

不同剂型玻璃离子水门汀溶解性比较研究

目的:研究、比较不同剂型玻璃离子水门汀的溶解性和表面微观形态改变,为临床使用提供依据.方法:将3M树脂加强型玻璃离子水门汀(水粉剂型)、GC玻璃离子水门汀(水粉剂型)及GC玻璃离子水门汀(双糊剂型)分别在人工唾液中浸泡30 d,冷热循环15000次,烘干测重,比较前后质量变化,计算溶解率,并用扫描电镜观察表面微观改变.结果:不同剂型的玻璃离子水门汀溶解率由高到低分别为3M树脂加强型玻璃离子水门汀(水粉剂型)、GC玻璃离子水门汀(水粉剂型)、GC玻璃离子水门汀(双糊剂型).3种玻璃离子水门汀经浸泡溶解后,SEM扫描表面微观形态可观察到GE玻璃离子水门汀(双糊剂型)表面形态改变较少,其他2组玻璃离子水门汀表面微观改变较多.结论:双糊剂型玻璃离子水门汀理化性能及溶解率均低于传统水粉剂型,是未来临床修复治疗的的良好选择.     

Design of clinical trials of traditional therapies of periodontitis

The present paper on the design of clinical trials of periodontal therapy first addresses the issue of the etiology of periodontal disease. It is suggested that most if not all forms of destructive periodontal disease are caused by microorganisms and that there are different forms of disease with different microbial etiologies. The progressive nature of destructive periodontal disease is subsequently discussed and it is emphasized that, in a given patient, periodontal sites which show signs of inflammation and attachment loss may not over a period of several months and years show further sign of attachment loss. The present methods of assessing periodontal disease do not allow us to discriminate between potentially active and inactive sites in untreated patients. The significance and variability of indicators of periodontal disease such as bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth and probing attachment level measurements are discussed. The errors inherent in the various measurements are analyzed and suggestions are presented describing how alterations in any of the above parameters could be identified and presented in a clinical trial. Of concern for the statistical analysis of clinical data of periodontal disease is the definition of the "experimental unit". For a number of years, the "experimental unit" in periodontal trials was the patient. It is clear, however, that different sites within the same individual show different patterns of disease progression and lesion morphology and often respond differently to periodontal therapy. Statistical analyses must consequently be designed which recognize differences in site-to-site infection and lesion morphology within a common host. Until such analyses are available, the investigator should be wary of pooling data within the same individual, since such pooling may obscure meaningful alternatives which may take place in individual periodontal sites. Some goals of periodontal therapy are subsequently identified. 4 goals are discussed more in detail, namely: to establish conditions which will allow the patient to maintain a dentition without further breakdown of the periodontium; to reduce pocket depth to establish an anatomy in the dentogingival region which with proper maintainance care will prevent the re-establishment of the subgingival infection; to gain attachment as a result of treatment; to assess the effect of a certain chemotherapeutic agent on periodontal disease.     

Evaluation of efficacy of chemiluminescence for diagnosis of leukoplakia

ObjectiveLeukoplakia is the most common potentially malignant disorder preceding oral cancer. Chemiluminescence has been developed as an adjunct to conventional examination for the diagnosis of these potentially malignant disorders. This study was conducted to assess the efficacy of chemiluminescence in the diagnosis of leukoplakia and to compare the results with histopathological examination.Study designA total of 50 patients with leukoplakia were included from the outpatients attending the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Dental Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. These patients were subjected to conventional oral examination followed by chemiluminescent examination with Vizilite (Zila, Fort Collins, CO, USA) and biopsy for histopathological confirmation.ResultsThe sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of chemiluminescence were 93.75%, 55.56%, 78.95%, and 83.3%, respectively. The overall accuracy of chemiluminescence was 80%. A statistically significant association was observed between histopathology results and chemiluminescence results.ConclusionAlthough it is an easy, safe, minimal time consuming, and noninvasive technique, it has only adjunctive utility and it does not replace biopsy for the diagnosis of leukoplakia.     

颌骨动静脉畸形的栓塞治疗

目的：总结直接穿刺结合经血管内介入栓塞治疗颌骨动静脉静脉畸形的经验。方法：收治凳骨动静脉畸形患者6例,均进行了介入栓塞治疗。采用的栓塞材料为附凝血棉纤毛的螺圈,聚乙烯醇泡沫微粒和二氰基丙烯酸对丁酯。数字减影颈动脉造影在PHILIPSV300下完成。结果6例颌骨动静脉畸形患者中4,例急性出血得到了快速、有效控制,1例慢性渗血的右下 骨动静脉畸形患者,介入栓塞治疗,拔除松动的右下凳第一磨牙,有效地控制了出血,另1例伴局部软组织搏动性膨隆的上凳骨动静脉畸形患者,介入治疗后膨隆的搏动性得到明显改善,栓塞治疗后分别随访3－24个月,均未发现有口腔内渗血或出血。随访的X线片上,病灶区可见新骨形成。结论：局部穿刺结合经血管内介入栓塞治疗颌骨动静畸形是一种安全、有效的治疗方法。     

正畸患者切牙影像失真发生情况分析

目的研究正畸患者曲面体层片上的切牙影像失真发生情况，并分析其原因。 方法从中山大学附属口腔医院放射科影像数据库中选取500例正畸患者的曲面体层片和头影测量侧位片，所有曲面体层片均采用咬合杆投照，分别从切牙牙体影像放大、缩小、牙根变短、根尖模糊等评价指标分析上下颌切牙影像失真的发生情况，在头影测量侧位片上测量中切牙根尖-对颌切牙切缘的距离，探讨切牙影像失真发生的原因。采用SPSS 19.0统计软件对所得数据进行统计学检验。 结果500例患者中，切牙牙体影像正常者共417例，切牙牙体影像失真者共83例，影像失真发生率16.6%，其中切牙牙体影像放大17例、牙体影像缩小0例、牙根变短30例，牙根影像变短伴模糊36例。影像失真患者的根尖-切缘距离大于影像正常的患者，差异有统计学意义（F = 5 187.18，P = 0）；影像失真患者的覆盖值大于影像正常的患者，差异有统计学意义（F>477，P = 0）。 结论严重牙颌面畸形如反 、深覆盖是导致曲面体层片的切牙影像失真的主要原因之一。     

正常青年Monson球面半径的测量研究

目的测量正常青年Monson球面半径。方法选择60名(男30名,女30名)正常青年制取全口印模,应用立体摄影成像的原理与方法对Monson球面半径进行测量和统计学处理。结果Monson球面的半径平均为10.173 cm,大于理论值10.160 cm,差异有显著性(P<0.01);男、女性球面半径差异无显著性。结论本实验所得到的数据可作为全口义齿修复中记录颌位关系的一个参量。     

鼻测量法的进展

唇裂术后继发畸形是指唇裂修复术后,仍遗留或继发于手术操作和生长发育变化而表现出来的一类畸形[1]。包括唇畸形、鼻畸形和颌骨畸形。其修复较原发性唇裂修复更复杂,更灵活多变。而导致其修复复杂性的一个重要原因即是局部组织结构复杂变异和缺乏可靠的三维测量手段[2],鼻畸形