真性腋动脉瘤切除及自体静脉移植腋动脉重建手术探讨

目的探讨切除真性腋动脉瘤并行血管重建的手术方法,总结瘤体游离和切除的操作体会。方法回顾分析1995年1月~2007年3月收治的14例真性腋动脉瘤患者,均行动脉瘤切除,自体静脉移植血管重建。结果病理诊断均证实真性动脉瘤,均获得临床治愈。平均随访5.5年(3个月~10年),1例术后2年出现吻合口狭窄,1例术后3年出现吻合口闭塞,1例术后5年死于急性脑出血,余11例无复发或并发症出现。结论真性腋动脉瘤切除、自体大隐静脉移植血管重建是一种可靠的治疗真性腋动脉瘤方法。     

紧邻腹腔干脾真性动脉瘤的手术治疗：附7 例报告

目的：探讨紧邻腹腔干脾动脉瘤的治疗方法。 方法：回顾性分析2000年1月—2012年6月收治的7例紧邻腹腔干脾动脉瘤患者临床资料。 结果：7例术前均经彩超、CT及血管造影检查确诊,均在全身麻醉下手术治疗,包括动脉瘤切除、肾下主动脉—脾动脉人工血管转流4例;动脉瘤切除、脾脏切除2例;多发动脉瘤切除、脾动脉结扎、脾切除1例。手术后10~14 d治愈出院,随访2~14年,存活5例,死亡2例,其中1例主-脾转流术后2年死于急性心肌梗死,1例动脉瘤切除+脾切除术后5年死于急性脑出血。存活5例中3例为主-脾动脉转流者（1例术后2年吻合口逐渐狭窄,术后6年完全闭塞,但未见脾脏梗塞,余2例未出现吻合口狭窄或假性动脉瘤）;2例为动脉瘤切除+脾脏切除者。 结论：动脉瘤切除+脾动脉重建是治疗紧邻腹腔干脾真性动脉瘤的有效方法。     

脾动脉起始部真性动脉瘤的手术治疗(附7例报告)

目的：探讨脾动脉起始部真性动脉瘤的手术治疗方法，总结临床治疗经验。方法：回顾性总结1996年1月至2006年8月收治的7例病人，经彩色超声、CT和血管造影检查证实脾动脉起始部真性动脉瘤；均在全身麻醉下行动脉瘤切除，5例行脾动脉血管重建，2例同时行脾脏切除。结果：手术后10—14d治愈出院。随访1—9年，1例人工血管转流术后2年死于急性心肌梗塞，余6例均健康生活。无复发。结论：脾动脉起始部真性动脉瘤切除、脾动脉重建是—种较好的治疗方案。     

脾动脉起始部动脉瘤的切除及血管重建的手术探讨

目的探讨脾动脉起始部动脉瘤的切除及脾动脉重建的手术方法。方法回顾性分析1996年1月~2007年3月收治的8例脾动脉起始部动脉瘤患者的临床资料,经彩色超声、CT和血管造影检查证实脾动脉起始部真性动脉瘤;均在全身麻醉下首先阻断腹腔干起始部,远端脾动脉阻断后切除动脉瘤,1例行腹腔干-脾动脉自体静脉移植,4例行肾下主动脉-脾动脉人工血管转流,3例同时切除动脉瘤和脾脏。结果均于手术后10~14 d治愈出院。随访0.5~10年;其中1例人工血管转流术后2年死于急性心肌梗塞,余7例均健康生活,无动脉瘤复发。结论动脉瘤切除、脾动脉重建是一种较好的脾动脉起始部真性动脉瘤的治疗方案。     

移植肾动脉瘤五例报告

目的 探讨移植肾动脉瘤(RAA)的病因、诊断及治疗. 方法 1998年8月至2004年12月共行同种异体肾移植手术1251例,发生RAA 5例(0.4%).5例均为男性,平均年龄43岁,移植肾血管吻合方式均为移植肾动脉一髂内动脉端端吻合.患者主要临床表现为进行性肾功能减退,突发少尿或无尿,顽固性高血压及肾区疼痛,均经彩色多普勒超声、数字减影血管造影检查确诊为动脉瘤,动脉瘤大小1.8 cm×2.0 cm×2.0 cm～4.0 cm×4.0 cm×5.0 cm. 结果 移植肾动脉吻合口动脉瘤2例,1例发现动脉瘤后1个月内移植肾功能丧失,行移植肾切除术,术后规律透析治疗,随访1年后行二次肾移植;1例移植肾失功后1周内行对侧髂窝二次肾移植手术,保留原移植肾,术后随访2年肾功能正常.RAA合并近端移植肾动脉狭窄2例,1例行吻合口球囊扩张并放置支架后,以弹簧螺圈栓塞动脉瘤,术后随访1年肾功能稳定;1例行移植肾切除、二次.肾移植术,术后随访3年肾功能正常.吻合口髂内动脉侧粥样硬化斑块导致髂内动脉狭窄、移植肾动脉侧动脉瘤1例,行移植肾切除术,术后2 d因脑干栓塞死亡. 结论 移植肾动脉-髂内动脉端端吻合易诱发血管并发症,RAA治疗应谨慎采用开放手术切除,可选择近期行二次肾移植和血管内介入治疗.     

上肢动脉瘤

本文回顾美国马里兰州一手外科中心10年间28例30个上肢动脉瘤,其中腋动脉瘤2个(假性),肱动脉瘤3个(1个假性),骨间前动脉瘤2个(假性),桡动脉瘤7个(5个假性,1个不清楚),尺动脉瘤10个(6个假性),指动脉瘤6个(2个假性)。术后平均随访3年半(1～10年)。假性动脉瘤由穿透伤所致,首次受检时间为伤后6小时～37年不等;真性动脉瘤由钝性伤引起,于伤后1个月～2年出现征象。随访示,动脉瘤切除并作血管端端吻合的9例中,8例无复发,1例术后1个月复发,经再切除并结扎血管而愈;动脉瘤切除并修补动脉缺损的5例中,均无复发;1例手部坏疽,经摘除引起的腋动脉     

腘动脉瘤外科治疗25例

目的 总结腘动脉瘤的外科诊治经验.方法 回顾性分析1988年1月至2012年1月间25例腘动脉瘤患者的临床资料,其中男21例,女4例,年龄13 ～72岁,平均(56±16)岁.病因为动脉粥样硬化18例,外伤6例,腘动脉陷迫综合征1例.本组症状主要为腘窝部搏动性肿物、患肢疼痛、急慢性远端缺血、患肢肿胀等.结果 25例患者中23例行手术治疗,其中17例行动脉瘤切除、自体大隐静脉移植术,4例行动脉瘤切除、人工血管移植术,1例行动脉瘤结扎术,1例行动脉瘤切除、对端吻合术.23例手术患者围手术期无死亡,1例患者术后第45天发生吻合口血栓形成,导致远端缺血坏死行膝上截肢术.术后21例(84％)获得随访,平均随访(6.5±0.5)年,1例双侧腘动脉瘤术后4年又发现右锁骨下动脉瘤,手术成功切除.另2例保守治疗.结论 腘动脉瘤可发生破裂或肢体远端缺血,积极手术治疗可获得良好治疗效果,并需加强术后随访.     

腹腔干、肠系膜上动脉共干部动脉瘤的切除和血管重建探讨

目的探讨腹腔干、肠系膜上动脉畸形共干部真性动脉瘤的切除以及血管重建的手术治疗方法。方法回顾性总结1998年2月至2006年4月6例患者临床资料,均在全身麻醉下行动脉瘤切除,肾下主动脉与肝动脉、脾动脉、肠系膜上动脉行转流手术5例,行主动脉肝动脉转流、肠系膜上动脉成形术1例。结果均获得临床治愈,随访观察2月~8年,无一例复发。结论腹腔干、肠系膜上动脉畸形共干部动脉瘤切除,主动脉与内脏动脉转流或重建是一种安全有效的治疗方法。     

白塞氏病导致动脉瘤的外科治疗

目的总结白塞氏病动脉瘤的外科治疗经验,并对其手术方式和药物治疗进行探讨。方法1977年4月～2004年12月收治的7例白塞氏病所致动脉瘤患者中,主动脉弓降部假性动脉瘤4例,右锁骨下动脉假性动脉瘤1例,右腋动脉假性动脉瘤1例,胸腹主动脉多发性假性动脉瘤1例。施行瘤体切除破口补片修补术4例,瘤体切除人工血管置换术1例,带膜支架腔内隔绝加左右腋动脉搭桥术1例,瘤体切除右锁骨下动脉结扎术1例。结果无住院死亡。术后吻合口动脉瘤形成1例,其它部位动脉瘤形成2例,股动脉插管后发生闭塞1例,移植物闭塞1例。随访1～12个月(平均5.7个月),死亡4例,其余3例存活。结论白塞氏病导致动脉瘤术后易发生吻合口动脉瘤和/或形成新的动脉瘤或动脉瘤破裂,根据病变部位的不同选择不同的处理方法,结合药物综合治疗可以取得较好的效果,其中人工血管置换术较补片修补术效果好。     

直径>5 cm的真性巨大脾动脉瘤诊治分析

目的探讨直径>5 cm的真性巨大脾动脉瘤的临床诊治特点。方法回顾性分析2013年5月至2019年11月收治的3例直径>5 cm的真性巨大脾动脉瘤患者的临床资料,并回顾相关文献。结果男性1例,女性2例,平均年龄60岁。腹痛、腹胀表现1例,左上腹部搏动性包块1例,查体发现1例;2例合并门脉高压症,女性患者均有2次妊娠史,1例左上腹触及搏动性包块,3例患者均行腹部强化CT检查。1例行介入支架腔内隔绝+瘤腔弹簧圈栓塞术;1例行开腹脾动脉瘤切除+脾切除术,术中出血少,未输血;1例行开腹脾动脉瘤切除+脾切除+脾静脉瘤切除+胆囊切除术,术中出血约400 ml,输注红细胞6 U,血浆600 ml。3例均治疗成功,无围术期死亡发生。介入治疗者随访2年3个月,无不适。手术者1例随访6年,预后较好,另1例失访。结论直径>5 cm的真性巨大脾动脉瘤罕见,具有独特的临床特征,手术切除仍是其主要且有效的治疗方法,预后较好。     

Atherosclerotic axillary artery aneurysm

True aneurysms of the axillary artery are rare, most pulsatile masses in the region being pseudoaneurysms. The present study reports a case of a true atherosclerotic axillary artery aneurysm arising in a 65 year old lady which presented with a short history of a painless pulsatile mass and sensory defecit in the hand in the absence of limb trauma. Following preoperative imaging to determine the anatomic details, she underwent repair of the aneurysm and made an excellent symptomatic recovery.     

颅外颈动脉瘤40例的诊断和治疗

目的探讨颅外颈动脉瘤的诊断与手术治疗方法。方法回顾性总结１９５３～１９９７年收治的４０例颅外颈动脉瘤的诊疗经验。结果４０例患者分别经动脉造影、数字减影血管造影（ｄｉｇｉｔａｌｓｕｂｓｔｒａｃｔｉｏｎａｎｇｉｏｇｒａｐｈｙ，ＤＳＡ）、超声波以及ＣＴ、磁共振血管成像（ｍａｇｎｅｔｉｃｒｅｓｏｎａｎｃｅａｎｇｉｏｇｒａｐｈｙ，ＭＲＡ）确诊。手术治疗３５例，其中动脉瘤切除后颈动脉重建１８例次，近远端动脉结扎１６例，颈总动脉结扎１例，行外包裹术１例，围手术期死亡１例。结论颈动脉血管造影术是诊断颅外颈动脉瘤最有效的手段，动脉瘤切除近远端动脉结扎和动脉瘤切除血管吻合或移植术是选择的主要术式     

Ultrasound examination in the diagnosis of popliteal artery aneurysms

Popliteal artery aneurysm is a potentially limb-threating lesion which is frequently difficult to diagnose by clinical examination or angiography. The risk of limb loss can best be reduced by early diagnosis. Over the past 5 years we have prospectively evaluated ultrasound examination of the popliteal space in screening patients with clinically suspected popliteal artery aneurysms. One hundred patients who were suspected clinically of having a popliteal artery aneurysm underwent bilateral ultrasound examination of their popliteal fossae. There were 21 patients who had abnormal scans. The problems identified were popliteal artery aneurysm in thirteen patients, popliteal artery ectasia in four patients, Baker's cyst in two patients, thrombosis in one patient and popliteal stenosis in one patient. Eight patients with eleven popliteal artery aneurysms by ultrasound also underwent angiography. Seven of the aneurysms were confirmed, four were missed. All eleven aneurysms were confirmed at operation. In addition, angiography did not demonstrate an aneurysm in any patient with a normal ultrasound. This study confirms that ultrasound examination is a quick, accurate, and non-invasive method of screening for popliteal artery aneurysms.     

Giant aneurysms of the vertebral artery. Report of five cases

The authors report five cases of surgically treated giant vertebral artery aneurysm. Two giant serpentine aneurysms were managed with aneurysmectomy, a giant semifusiform aneurysm with trapping and partial aneurysmectomy, and the other two saccular giant aneurysms with clipping. Surgical results were satisfactory in all cases. In particular, the two patients who underwent complete aneurysmectomy showed remarkable improvement after the second procedure of a two-stage operation that consisted of initial proximal occlusion and secondary evacuation of clots in the aneurysm when advanced thrombosis was identified. Aneurysmectomy in a two-stage operation was the best treatment for these partially thrombosed giant aneurysms which completely concealed the distal artery under a tight thinned medulla.     

脾动脉瘤的诊断和治疗

目的：总结16例脾动脉瘤的外科诊治经验。方法：回顾性分析收治的16例脾动脉瘤患者的临床资料。其中男4例,女12例,经超声多普勒、CT血管造影（CTA）等检查发现脾动脉瘤15例,另1例术中探查发现。手术治疗11例,其中脾动脉瘤破裂行急诊手术4例,择期性手术7例,手术包括脾动脉瘤及脾切除9例,同时切除胰尾3例,脾动脉瘤切除、脾动脉重建1例,脾动脉瘤切除、近远端脾动脉结扎1例。另外行脾动脉瘤介入栓塞3例,非手术治疗2例。结果：手术及介入治疗的14例患者治疗后未发生严重的并发症,无死亡,均康复出院。术后随访0.5~19.0年,平均8.4年。11例手术及介入治疗者中,2例分别手术后3,7年死于其他疾病,另9例情况良好。2例非手术治疗者已分别随访3,5年,脾动脉瘤无变化。结论：脾动脉瘤女性多发;CT血管造影和多普勒超声等可明确诊断;早期切除动脉瘤或介入栓塞术是防止破裂出血导致死亡的有效方法。     

Simultaneous aortoiliac reconstruction and renal transplantation: is it safe?

A 54-year-old man with an aortoiliac aneurysm and renal failure due to renal artery thrombosis was placed on a transplantation waiting list. The aneurysm had a 3 cm diameter and, therefore, did not require aortoiliac reconstruction, while its evolution was followed by ultrasound color-doppler every six months. The aneurysm was stable and two years later, when a cadaver kidney became available, a preoperative ultrasound color-doppler showed initial wall dissection. Therefore, an abdominal aneurysmectomy using a standard Dacron bifurcation graft and renal transplantation were successfully carried out. The patient had no associated complications and 24 months after transplantation and aneurysmectomy currently has good renal function and distal pulses. Only 20 cases of simultaneous aortoiliac reconstruction and renal transplantation have been reported in the literature. The excellent results of our case and those reported in the literature prove that patients who have both severe aortoiliac disease and end-stage renal failure can safely undergo simultaneous aortic reconstruction and renal transplantation. However, the atherosclerosis in these patients is a generalized process, so that in the pretransplant protocol special attention should be paid to detecting coronary artery atherosclerosis. In fact, coronary artery disease may have a priority claim to therapy because of the high risk of myocardial infarction. Our own policy is to put the patient back on the waiting list for renal transplantation after treatment for coronary artery disease. Furthermore, considering that the management for aortoiliac disease and kidney failure is safe in both simultaneous and staged cases, we think that the real issue is whether or not these patients with coronary atherosclerosis can be candidates for renal transplantation. We believe that each transplant centre has to develop its own general policy for these critically ill patients on the basis of its own experience.     

Surgical treatment of deep brachial artery aneurysm

Deep brachial artery aneurysms are extremely rare. The purpose of this article is to report a case of deep brachial artery aneurysm that was successfully treated by open surgery. A 76-year-old man presented with complaints of an asymptomatic pulsatile mass in the left axilla. A computed tomography angiography revealed a deep brachial artery aneurysm. The aneurysm was resected surgically, then the axillary artery was repaired, and the distal end of the deep brachial artery was ligated without vascular reconstruction. The patient had a good recovery with no complications, and the arterial pulses of the left upper extremity were normal.     

Renal artery aneurysm. Long-term relief of renovascular hypertension by in situ operative correction

Renal artery aneurysm is an uncommon cause of renovascular hypertension. Nephrectomy or, more recently ex vivo arterial reconstruction have been recommended as the treatment of choice. In contrast, we advocate in situ repair of the aneurysm and any associated lesions. Twenty-five hypertensive patients with 30 renal artery aneurysms were treated by tangential aneurysmectomy with primary arteriorrhaphy, saphenous vein patch angioplasty, or bypass graft. Nephrectomy was performed in two patients, one for a ruptured aneurysm. There was no operative mortality. Follow-up was obtained on all patients six months to 19 years after operation. Hypertension was relieved immediately and in the long-term in the majority of survivors. We believe these results indicate that despite the presence of severe renovascular disease, the affected kidney can be preserved and hypertension successfully relieved by a direct surgical approach without recourse to either nephrectomy or ex vivo reconstruction.