综合指数法评价某钢管厂技改项目职业卫生防护措施

目的 用综合指数法对某钢管厂ψ100钢管技改项目工作场所职业卫生防护措施进行评价并提出建议.方法 采用职业卫生学现场调查、工作场所职业病危害因素检测,职业病危害防护设施相结合. 结果 工作场所有害因素监测合格率噪声91.4%、粉尘95%、毒物100%、高温63.6%、工频电场90%、单项指数达标率>90%. 结论 该项目工程综合指数I=0.7,评价为Ⅰ级,职业卫生综合评价合格.     

某制鞋公司建设项目职业病危害控制效果卫生学评价

[目的]了解某制鞋公司建设项目职业病危害控制效果。[方法]职业卫生现场调查,采用单项指数法和综合指数法进行评价。[结果]某制鞋公司建设项目生产车间和设备布局合理,卫生防护设施完善,建立健全了职业卫生规章制度;职业场所职业病危害因素粉尘、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、丙酮,丁酮、环巳烷和乙酸乙酯等检测项目全部合格,噪声合格率为79%。[结论]职业病危害控制效果卫生学评价合格。     

单项指数和综合指数在某蓄电池厂职业危害现状评价中的应用

目的探讨单项指数和综合指数在职业危害现状评价中的应用及存在的问题。方法选择扬州市某蓄电池厂为研究对象,采用现场职业卫生学调查和危害因素检测,应用单项指数法和综合指数法对结果进行分析和评价。结果整改前:铅尘点合格率为57.1%,最高超标3.2倍(涂片岗位);铅烟点合格率为37.5%,最高超标3.67倍(铸焊岗位);噪声点合格率为90.9%,最高超标3.1dB(A)(制粉岗位);氢氧化钠、硫酸、苯、甲苯、二甲苯等项未超标;综合指数I=1.63,职业危害等级为IV级,该项目卫生工程防护措施不合格。整改后:铅尘合格率为85.7%,最高超标0.92倍(涂膏岗位);铅烟合格率为75.0%,最高超标0.67倍(拉网岗位);I=0.81,职业危害等级为I级,该项目卫生工程防护措施合格。结论单项指数和综合指数法适合于超标点数较少且超标水平不高,依据目前的工艺设备、控制措施及防护条件不能或很难达到职业有害因素全部合格的项目评价,评价过程中还必须结合实际情况,综合作出评价结论。     

隧道工程作业场所职业病危害因素检测与评价

目的研究隧道工程职业病危害因素,为隧道工程建设职业病危害治理提供依据。方法依据国家职业卫生标准、规范进行职业病危害因素检测,采用单项指数、单项指数达标率、综合指数进行评价。结果凿岩、运输、喷锚作业粉尘、噪声及运输作业一氧化碳单项指数达标率均低于90%,综合指数评价,凿岩、运输作业分别有53.33%、26.67%达到合格及基本合格,喷锚作业全部不合格。结论隧道工程建设应将粉尘、噪声及运输作业一氧化碳危害作为治理重点,加强通风及个体防护。     

某无线电厂野战车(系列)技术改造项目职业病危害控制效果评价

根据国家有关法规和标准,对某无线电厂野战车技改项目进行职业病危害控制效果评价。职业病有害因素测试结果表明,该技改项目甲苯、二甲苯、一氧化碳、氮氧化物、盐酸、锰、铬均符合国家卫生标准,噪声强度单项指数达标率为80%,噪声防治方面需加强改进。综合评价为Ⅰ级,达到合格标准。     

某涂料公司新建项目卫生学评价

为了解涂料行业存在职业病危害因素和职业卫生现状,确定是否达到卫生学要求,按规范测定生产性有害因素浓度(强度).结果总体工程噪声单项指数Pi=0.78,粉尘单项指数Pi=0.15,苯系物单项指数Pi=0.20.各项测定指标单项指数均小于1,测定项目综合指数I=0.4,评价分级为1级,综合卫生评价合格.     

某油田公司燃机电站（二期）扩建项目职业病危害控制效果评价

目的根据国家有关法规和标准，对某油田公司燃机电站（二期）扩建项目进行职业病危害控制效果评价。方法在对扩建项目进行工程分析和职业卫生调查的基础上，采用现场调查法、检查表法、检测检验法等方法进行定性和定量评价，采用综合分析法对项目进行综合分析和评价。结果职业病危害因素测试结果表明，该扩建项目噪声、高温、一氧化碳、氮氧化物、六氟化硫均符合国家卫生标准，噪声强度单项指数达标率为70％，噪声防治方面需加强个人防护用品使用措施。结论该扩建项目属于一般职业病危害的建设项目，综合评价基本达到合格标准。     

某烧结炼铁建设项目职业病危害控制效果评价

对某烧结炼铁建设项目的职业病危害因素进行识别、检测和分析,对其防护设施及职业病危害控制效果进行综合评价。粉尘、一氧化碳、二氧化硫、噪声、综合温度、照度单项指数为合格,而铅烟单项指数不合格。     

铁路某大型企业职业卫生现状调查

目的了解铁路某大型企业存在的职业病危害因素、防护措施及职业卫生管理状况,为职业病防治工作提供依据。方法采用现场职业卫生学调查和作业场所职业病危害因素监测的方法,分析职业卫生现状。结果该企业存在的主要职业病危害因素是噪声、粉尘和二氧化锰、苯等,其中噪声作业点合格率为25.0%,电焊烟尘为52.6%,其他粉尘为16.7%,二氧化锰为42.9%,苯为44.47%。结论该企业职业病危害主要以物理因素为主,作业点监测合格率低,防护不到位,需进一步加强职业病防治监管,形成高效的企业内部职业卫生监管机制。     

某汽车制造企业技改项目职业病危害控制效果评价

目的对某汽车制造企业技改项目存在的职业病危害因素进行检测和评价。方法依据《建设项目职业病危害评价规范》,采用职业卫生现场调查、职业卫生检测、职业健康检查、经验对照、系统工程分析等方法,对作业场所存在的职业病危害因素进行检测与评价。结果该项目主要职业病危害因素为粉尘、噪声、高温、化学毒物。粉尘检测点合格率100.0%,粉尘单项指数为0.224 6;噪声检测点合格率为97.4%,噪声单项指数为0.904 9;化学毒物检测点合格率100.0%,单项指数范围为0.001 2～0.275 2。结论该项目为职业病危害严重的建设项目,职业病危害因素控制已达到预期评价效果,基本符合《工业企业设计卫生标准》GBZ 1-2010的要求。技改项目的机械化与自动化程度较高、通风排毒设施齐全、职业卫生管理制度执行有力。这对控制职业病危害至关重要。     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.