论患者权利及其法律保护

当前医疗纠纷频发,医患矛盾激化,究其原因,一定程度上是由于患者法定权利不明,边界不清。明确患者法定权利内容,健全立法,自觉守法,严明执法,公正司法,是维护患者权利,重建医患信任关系的需要,也是构建和谐社会的重要保证。     

论病人的权利及立法意义

我国尚没有“病人的权利”专门立法,本文提出了病人权利的内容,并分析了对病人权利加以立法的重要意义。     

医院信息化与患者合法权益保护

论述在医疗信息化背景下患者易受侵害的合法权益以及医院信息化对患者合法权益保护的挑战,在此基础上提出相应解决方法,包括强化医院工作人员伦理观教育、严格管理各类信息系统使用权限、完善相应法律等方面。     

病人知情同意权的伦理和法律问题

知情同意权是病人的基本权利,它有三种存在状态;道德权利、法定权利和现实权利。本文通过分析和知情同意权的构成要素,探讨了当前我国知情同意权立法状况。由此得出结论：知情同意权在我国仍处于道德权利状态,因此,坚持：“依法治医”和“以德治医”相结合,是使知情同意权转化为现实权利的有效途径。     

对患者特殊医疗检查知情同意权的伦理思考

特殊医疗检查的知情同意权是患者的法定权益,也蕴含着丰富的伦理观念和原则。从医学伦理视角阐述了特殊医疗检查界定的原则,提出了落实患者对特殊医疗检查知情权的几点伦理要求,分析了患者行使特殊医疗检查同意权应处理的几个伦理矛盾。     

制订“患者权利”促使医德自律

在医疗工作中,我们经常讲患者就是“上帝”,然而“上帝”并不了解自己的权利,倒是常常认为医生是“上帝”.就连我们的许多医务工作者也不懂得“上帝”的权利,不懂得维系医患关系的核心是患者的选择权.本文论述了制订“患者权利”,促使医护人员医德自律的途径.     

从病人权利的缺失看社会责任伦理的构建

通过分析我国病人权利缺失的现况,提出对病人权利的真正尊重必须强调社会责任伦理：政府要承担伦理责任,确保医疗活动的公益性,病人权利相关组织应切实推进维权工作,媒体要承担起自身的社会伦理责任,客观、公正地报道,引导舆论方向,医疗卫生行业要做到将民众健康置于首位,全社会必须强化病人权利意识,推动人文道德关怀。只有病人权利的实现和社会责任伦理意识的觉醒,才能推进社会文明进步,提高社会文明程度。     

培养医学生尊重病人权利意识的实践探讨

目的探讨培养医学生尊重病人权利意识的有效教学方法。方法将108名2007级临床本科学生分为两组,实验组（55人）进行实践教学活动（包括专题知识讲座、情境教学以及临床实践）,对照组（53人）采用传统教学方法。课程结束后,对这108名学生进行病人权利认知情况的问卷调查,并对实验组学生进行实践强化训练评价的问卷调查。结果实验组学生对病人权利的认知明显好于对照组。结论在医学伦理学教学中进行实践教学活动可促进医学生对病人权利的认知。     

大庆市某三甲医院病人权利保障现状调查与分析

通过调查病人权利保障现状,了解病人在住院过程中主要权利(如知情同意权、隐私权等)受保障情况。提出相应的具体对策:加强相关立法;广泛开展医学职业道德和人文精神教育;加强医学生人文素质教育,在医学继续教育中增加人文教育比重;卫生行政主管部门及基层医院管理者更新管理理念;建立专职的管理部门,健全管理制度与措施;建立医院社会工作部,为病人提供权利支持;通过举办讲座,发放宣传单等多种途径加强权利宣传教育。     

Patients' perception of transnasal gastroscopy

INTRODUCTION: Gastroscopy is an excellent technique for investigation of upper gastrointestinal pathology. However, patients frequently request for conscious sedation as the procedure causes pain, pharyngeal reflex and nausea. Administration of conscious sedation incurs additional medical expenditure and risks. Transnasal gastroscopy, which became commercially available in 2005, does not induce pharyngeal reflex. The aim of this study was to examine patients' perception and satisfaction with transnasal gastroscopy performed in an office setting. METHODS: Questionnaires were administered to consecutive patients after the performance of transnasal gastroscopy. Patients received topical ten percent xylocaine spray to the nasal and pharyngeal cavities 1-2 minutes before the procedure. The transnasal endoscope used was a narrow upper gastrointestinal endoscope (EG270N5 [Fujinon, Saitama City, Japan]). RESULTS: Transnasal gastroscopy was attempted in 96 patients. The procedure failed in one patient due to a narrow nasal passage and had to be converted to oral route of intubation. Questionnaires were completed by 96 patients. There were 52 males (54 percent) with the median age of 43 (range 11-85) years. None of them received conscious sedation. 53 patients (56 percent) reported that there was no pain/discomfort during the procedure. On the Lickert visual analogue scale for pain from 0 to 10 points, 91 patients (96 percent) reported severity of pain of below 5 points. 85 patients (89 percent) reported they were satisfied or more than satisfied with the procedure. 84 patients (88 percent) were happy to undergo similar repeat procedure without sedation. 25 patients (26 percent) had undergone previous oral gastroscopy; 22 of these patients reported that transnasal route was definitely more comfortable than the oral route. There were two incidents of nosebleed which were self-limiting. CONCLUSION: Transnasal gastroscopy with a thin endoscope was found to be safe. The procedure is well-tolerated by patients without conscious sedation. Patients reported better preference for transnasal endoscopes in comparison to conventional transoral gastroscopy.     

论患者的就医道德

对患者就医道德的实质进行了探析,阐述了我国患者就医道德现状以及患者就医道德与医务人员职业道德之间的辩证关系,认为要提高患者的就医道德,需要教育患者正确认识医疗行为;医务人员要通过积极的医患沟通,赢得患者的信任,使患者积极配合治疗;医务人员必须加强职业道德修养;大众传媒应客观公正的报道医疗事件,并积极进行医学知识宣传;司法机关要公正执法,维护正常的医疗秩序.