Interleukin 10 gene promoter polymorphisms (rs1800896, rs1800871 and rs1800872) and haplotypes are associated with the activity of systemic lupus erythematosus and IL10 levels in an Iranian population

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease with unknown aetiology. According to the role of interleukin 10 (IL10) in SLE pathogenesis, the genetic alterations in its promoter region could be associated with elevated IL10 levels and exacerbated disease. Here, we investigated the association of genotype and haplotype frequencies of three IL10 gene promoter polymorphisms with susceptibility to SLE, IL10 plasma levels and disease activity of patients in an Iranian population. A total of 116 SLE patients and 131 healthy subjects were enrolled. The PCR‐RFLP technique was used to detect IL10 promoter genotypes at the positions of ?1082 (G/A), ?819 (C/T) and ?592 (C/A) in association with IL10 plasma levels and SLEDAI scores. The GG genotype of ?1082 polymorphism was associated with the increased risk of SLE [OR = 2.65, 95% CI (1.21–5.82), p‐value = 0.046]. The CC genotype in ?819 region was associated with SLE susceptibility [OR = 3.38, 95% CI (1.26–9.07), p‐value = 0.034] and C allele was introduced as risk allele [OR = 1.86, 95% CI (1.15–3.01), p‐value = 0.009] in this region. IL10 plasma levels were overexpressed in CC genotype carriers of ?592 SNP and decreased in AA genotype carriers of ?1082. IL10 was also increased in SLE patients with CGT (?592/?1082/?819) haplotype. The SLEDAI score was higher among CC genotype carriers at the position of ?592 and TT genotype carriers at the region of ?819. SLEDAI was also elevated among patients with CGC (?592/?1082/?819) and CAC (p = 0.011) haplotypes. The present study suggests that the IL10 –819(C/T), ?1082(G/A) and ?592(C/A) polymorphisms and the haplotypes are associated with SLE susceptibility, increased disease activity and elevated IL10 levels. While this is the first time to report such an association in an Iranian population, further studies are needed to confirm these findings.     

P-选择素启动子区C-2123G、T-1817C基因多态性的研究

目的研究P-选择素(P-selectin)基因启动子区C-2123G、T-1817C多态性在中国湖北地区健康汉族人群中的分布,同时比较不同种族间基因型及等位基因频率分布差异.方法应用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)的分析方法,检测200名健康者P-selectin基因启动子区C-2123G、T-1817C的基因型并计算其基因型频率及等位基因频率.结果中国湖北地区健康人群P-selectin C-2123G基因各基因型频率:CC型8.0%,CG型40.5%,GG型51.5%;C,G各等位基因频率分别为28.2%,71.8%,这种基因多态性分布在男女间无显著性差异(P＞0.05).与德国和英国比较,发现不同种族间P-selectin C-2123G基因型分布及等位基因频率均存在显著差异(P＜0.001,P＜0.001).P-selectin T-1817C基因各基因型频率:TT型65.5%,TC型28.5%,CC型6.0%;T,C各等位频率分别为79.75%,20.25%,这种基因多态性分布在男女间无显著性差异(P＞0.05).与英国比较,发现不同种族间P-selectin T-2123基因型分布及等位基因频率均存在显著差异(P＜0.001).结论中国湖北地区汉族人群中存在P-selectin启动子区C-2123G、T-1817C基因多态性,这种多态性在同种族男女间无差异,在各族间存在着较大的差异.     

Functional polymorphisms and haplotypes in the promoter of the MMP2 gene are associated with risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play important roles in cancer initiation and development. Several polymorphisms in the promoters of a number of MMP genes, which can affect the respective MMP production in an allele-specific manner, have been well characterized. We examined whether these functional polymorphisms were related to the risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in Chinese populations. Eight polymorphisms in the promoter of MMP1, MMP2, MMP3, MMP7, MMP9, MMP12, and MMP13 were genotyped in two independent case-control populations; one is from Guangxi province (593 patients with NPC and 480 controls), and the other is from Guangdong province (239 patients and 286 controls). We observed significantly increased susceptibility to NPC for the MMP2 -1306CC (rs243865:C>T) (odds ratio [OR] = 2.01, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.30-3.10) and -735CC (rs2285053:C>T) (OR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.17-2.09) genotype carriers compared with noncarriers in the Guangxi population. This association was confirmed in the Guangdong population (for -1306CC: OR = 2.19, 95% CI = 1.21-3.96; for -735CC: OR = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.13-2.28). The C(-1306)-C(-735) haplotype was also significantly associated with increased susceptibility to NPC in both the Guangxi (OR = 1.64, 95% CI = 1.35-1.99) and Guangdong population (OR = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.29-2.19). Furthermore, stratified analysis indicated that the increased susceptibility to NPC related to the -1306CC and -735CC genotype and the C(-1306)-C(-735) haplotype was more pronounced in heavier smokers. Our findings suggest that the genetic polymorphisms or haplotype in the MMP2 promoter may play a role in mediating the susceptibility to NPC in Chinese populations.     

抵抗素基因启动子-420C/G、细胞色素P4501A1-MspI多态性与吸烟的交互作用对非酒精性脂肪性肝病的影响

目的:探讨抵抗素基因启动子-420C/G、细胞色素P4501A1-Msp I(CYP1A1-Msp I)基因多态性与吸烟的交互作用与非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)的关系。方法:采用病例-对照研究的方法,以1 200例NAFLD患者及1 200例健康对照者的外周血白细胞为样本,利用聚合酶链反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)技术分析了抵抗素基因启动子-420C/G和CYP1A1-Msp I基因多态性。结果:-420C/G(GG)基因型和CYP1A1-Msp I(m2/m2)基因型频率分布分别为49.75%、50.08%(病例组)和24.00%、24.25%(对照组),两者经χ2检验差异显著(P0.01)。-420C/G(GG)基因型者患NAFLD的风险显著增加。CYP1A1-Msp I(m2/m2)基因型者患NAFLD的风险也显著增加。基因突变的协同分析发现-420C/G(GG)/CYP1A1-Msp I(m2/m2)基因型者在NAFLD组和对照组中的分布频率分别为39.83%和12.83%,两者经χ2检验有显著差异(P0.01)。-420C/G(GG)/CYP1A1-Msp I(m2/m2)基因型者患NAFLD的风险显著增加。病例组的吸烟率显著高于对照组的吸烟率(P0.01),吸烟与-420C/G(GG)和CYP1A1-Msp I(m2/m2)基因型均有交互作用。结论:-420C/G(GG)、CYP1A1-Msp I(m2/m2)基因型和吸烟是NAFLD的易患因素,基因多态性与吸烟的交互作用增加了NAFLD的发病风险。     

复发性流产与β-纤维蛋白原基因-455G／A多态性关系的研究

目的探讨血浆纤维蛋白原（Fg）及βFg-455G／A基因多态性与山西地区汉族妇女复发性流产的关系。方法应用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性（PCR—RFLP）方法，检测复发性流产组30例和对照组30例βFg-455G／A基因的多态性，并测定其血浆纤维蛋白原（Fg）的含量。结果经X2检验，各基因型构成比和等位基因频率在两组间均无显著性差异（P〉0.05）；复发性流产纽血浆Fg水平（2.31±0．57g/L）较对照组（3.08±0．57g/L）显著降低（P〈0．05）。结论本研究发现血浆纤维蛋白原水平降低是复发性流产的危险因素，βFg-455G／A基因多态性不会影响复发性流产血浆纤维蛋白原水平。     

Novel polymorphisms in the promoter and 5' UTR regions of the human vascular endothelial growth factor gene

We have characterized 5 novel, single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the promoter and 5′ UTR regions of the human vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene. Transitions C → A at nucleotide position −2578 relative to the translation start site, T → C at position −1455, G → A at position −1154, G → C at position −1001, and C → T at position −7 were observed. In addition, individuals with the A allele at position −2578 also had an insertion of 18 nucleotides, whereas CC homozygotes did not contain this insertion. We have described the frequency distribution of the polymorphic alleles in the population of healthy volunteers and are investigating the functional significance of the 18-nucleotide insertion and of the single-nucleotide polymorphisms on VEGF gene expression.     

SIRT1 gene polymorphisms are associated with nondiabetic type 1 cardiorenal syndrome

Type 1 cardiorenal syndrome (CRS1) is characterized by acute cardiac disease (e.g., acute heart failure [AHF]), leading to acute kidney injury. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), an NAD⁺‐dependent deacylase, has been found to be associated with CRS1. To confirm whether a correlation exists between SIRT1 variants and the risk of CRS1, the association between the prevalence of CRS1 and single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the SIRT1 gene was investigated in AHF patients. A total of 316 Chinese AHF participants (158 patients with CRS1 and 158 age‐ and sex‐matched controls) were recruited for the present observational study to investigate the association between nine common SIRT1 SNPs (i.e., rs7895833 G > A, rs10509291 T > A, rs3740051 A > G, rs932658 A > C, rs33957861 C > T, rs7069102 C > G, rs2273773 T > C, rs3818292 A > G, and rs1467568 A > G) and the susceptibility to CRS1. Significant differences in genotype distribution between the control and CRS1 groups were found for rs7895833 and rs1467568. After applying a Bonferroni adjustment, the A allele of rs7895833 was still found to be protective (p = 0.001; odds ratio [OR] = 0.77) against CRS1 in this study population. The AA genotype of rs7895833 and the GA genotype of rs1467568 were associated with a significantly reduced risk of CRS1 (OR = 0.23 and 0.49, respectively). rs7895833 and rs1467568 were further analyzed as a haplotype, and the GA haplotype (rs7895833‐rs1467568) exhibited a significant association with CRS1 (p = 0.008), while the AA haplotype showed a significant protective effect (p = 0.022). Our study showed that SIRT1 rs7895833 and rs1467568 polymorphisms had a significant effect on the risk of developing CRS1 in a population in China.     

Complement factor H mutations and gene polymorphisms in haemolytic uraemic syndrome: the C-257T, the A2089G and the G2881T polymorphisms are strongly associated with the disease

Mutations in complement factor H (HF1) gene have been reported in non-Shiga toxin-associated and diarrhoea-negative haemolytic uraemic syndrome (D-HUS). We analysed the complete HF1 in 101 patients with HUS, in 32 with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) and in 106 controls to evaluate the frequency of HF1 mutations, the clinical outcome in mutation and non-mutation carriers and the role of HF1 polymorphisms in the predisposition to HUS. We found 17 HF1 mutations (16 heterozygous, one homozygous) in 33 HUS patients. Thirteen mutations were located in exons XXII and XXIII. No TTP patient carried HF1 mutations. The disease manifested earlier and the mortality rate was higher in mutation carriers than in non-carriers. Kidney transplants invariably failed for disease recurrences in patients with HF1 mutations, while in non-mutated patients half of the grafts were functioning after 1 year. Three HF1 polymorphic variants were strongly associated with D-HUS: -257T (promoter region), 2089G (exonXIV, silent) and 2881T (963Asp, SCR16). The association was stronger in patients without HF1 mutations. Two or three disease-associated variants led to a higher risk of HUS than a single one. Analysis of available relatives of mutated patients revealed a penetrance of 50%. In 5/9 families the proband inherited the mutation from one parent and two disease-associated variants from the other, while unaffected carriers inherited the protective variants. In conclusion HF1 mutations are frequent in patients with D-HUS (24%). Common polymorphisms of HF1 may contribute to D-HUS manifestation in subjects with and without HF1 mutations.     

Significant association between TNF-alpha (TNF) promoter allele (-1031C, -863C, and -857C) and cerebral malaria in Thailand

We examined a possible association of three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) promoter -1031T>C (rs1799964), -863C>A (rs1800630), and -857C>T (rs1799724) with severe malaria in 466 adult patients having Plasmodium falciparum malaria in northwest Thailand. Four TNF promoter alleles comprising these three SNPs were detected in the studied population. The frequency of the TNF U04 allele designated -1031C, -863C, and -857C was found to be significantly greater in patients with cerebral malaria than in patients with mild malaria (12.6%, cerebral malaria vs 5.6%, mild malaria; odds ratio =2.5; P=0.002). The association of U04 with susceptibility to cerebral malaria was not caused by linkage disequilibrium with any specific HLA-B and -DRB1 alleles.     

中国南方妇女AhR和ARNT基因多态性与子宫内膜异位症的相关性

目的 探讨中国南方汉族妇女芳香烃受体(arylhydrocarbon receptor,AhR)基因和芳香烃受体核转位子(arylhydroarbon nuclear translocator,ARNT)基因多态性与子宫内膜异位症的相关性.方法 收集经手术证实的431例子宫内膜异位症患者和499名对照人群外周血,采用高分辨率熔解曲线技术检测AhR及ARNT基因多态性.结果 病例组和对照组妇女AhR 1661G/A位点AA、AG、GG基因型频率分别为9.7%、44.6%、45.7%和12.0%、41.9%、46.1%,两组的基因频率差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.234,P=0.629);A和G等位基因频率为32.0%、68.0%和33.0%、67.0%,两组差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.189,P=0.664).病例组和对照组妇女ARNT 567G/C位点GG、GC、CC基因频率分别为13.5%、47.8%、38.7%和15.6%、51.7%、32.7%,两组差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.194,P=0.659);C、G等位基因频率为62.6%、37.4%和58.5%、41.5%,两组差异无统计学意义(χ2=3.30,P=0.07).2组间AhR1661G/A和ARNT 567G/C联合基因型频率分布差异亦无统计学意义(χ2=11.20,P=0.191).结论 中国南方妇女外周血AhR 1661G/A及ARNT 567G/C基因多态与子宫内膜异位症的发病无明显相关.     

中国南方妇女AhR和ARNT基因多态性与子宫内膜异位症的相关性

目的 探讨中国南方汉族妇女芳香烃受体(arylhydrocarbon receptor,AhR)基因和芳香烃受体核转位子(arylhydroarbon nuclear translocator,ARNT)基因多态性与子宫内膜异位症的相关性.方法 收集经手术证实的431例子宫内膜异位症患者和499名对照人群外周血,采用高分辨率熔解曲线技术检测AhR及ARNT基因多态性.结果 病例组和对照组妇女AhR 1661G/A位点AA、AG、GG基因型频率分别为9.7%、44.6%、45.7%和12.0%、41.9%、46.1%,两组的基因频率差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.234,P=0.629);A和G等位基因频率为32.0%、68.0%和33.0%、67.0%,两组差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.189,P=0.664).病例组和对照组妇女ARNT 567G/C位点GG、GC、CC基因频率分别为13.5%、47.8%、38.7%和15.6%、51.7%、32.7%,两组差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.194,P=0.659);C、G等位基因频率为62.6%、37.4%和58.5%、41.5%,两组差异无统计学意义(χ2=3.30,P=0.07).2组间AhR1661G/A和ARNT 567G/C联合基因型频率分布差异亦无统计学意义(χ2=11.20,P=0.191).结论 中国南方妇女外周血AhR 1661G/A及ARNT 567G/C基因多态与子宫内膜异位症的发病无明显相关.     

TGF-β1基因启动子-800G/A、-509C/T多态性与食管癌的研究

目的研究转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)基因启动子多态性各等位基因及基因型在食管癌患者中的分布频率,初步分析其基因型及血清水平与食管癌的相关性.方法采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)技术,检测118例食管癌患者和130例正常对照组TGF-β1的基因多态性,包括TGF-β1基因启动子-800G/A、-509C/T位点,同时采用ELISA检测血清TGF-β1水平.结果食管癌患者血清TGF-β1水平显著高于对照组(P＜0.01),TGF-β1基因-800G/A位点多态性在食管癌组和正常人群中的分布差异无显著性(P＞0.05),而TGF-β1基因-509C/T多态性各等位基因及基因型频率在两组人群中的分布差异存在显著性(P＜0.05);等位基因频率的相对风险分析发现,T等位基因携带者患食管癌的风险是C等位基因的1.624倍(OR=1.624,95%CI1.134～2.324),携带T等位基因的食管癌患者血清TGF-β1水平显著高于不携带者(50.97±8.91μg/LVS44.23±8.54μg/L,P＜0.01).结论TGF-β1基因-509C/T多态性与食管癌的发病具有相关性,其中T等位基因可能是食管癌发病的遗传易感基因;携带T等位基因的个体可能通过促进TGF-β1的高度表达进而增加了食管癌的发病风险.     

Functional polymorphisms in CD86 gene are associated with susceptibility to pneumonia‐induced sepsis

Sepsis is an illness in which the body has a severe response to bacteria or other germs. A bacterial infection in the body such as lungs may set off the response that leads to the disease. CD86 (B7‐2) is expressed on various immune cells and plays critical roles in immune responses. Genetic polymorphisms in CD86 gene may affect the development of several diseases. Here, we evaluated the association between two CD86 polymorphisms (rs1915087C/T and rs2332096T/G) and susceptibility to pneumonia‐induced sepsis. CD86 rs1915087C/T and rs2332096T/G were identified in 186 pneumonia‐induced septic patients and 196 healthy controls in the Chinese population. Results revealed that subjects with rs1915087CT and TT genotypes had significantly lower risk of pneumonia‐induced sepsis than those with CC genotype [odds ratio (OR) = 0.58, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.37–0.91, p = 0.017, and OR = 0.40, 95%CI, 0.21–0.76, p = 0.005]. However, prevalence of rs2332096GG genotype and G allele were significantly increased in patients than in healthy controls (OR = 2.75, 95%CI, 1.46–5.16, p = 0.001, and OR = 1.65, 95%CI, 1.21–2.24, p = 0.001]. We further investigated functions of these two polymorphisms by assessing gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and in monocytes. Data showed subjects carrying rs2332096GG genotype had significantly decreased level of CD86 in monocytes than those carrying rs2332096TT genotype. These results indicate that CD86 polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility to pneumonia‐induced sepsis and may affect gene expression in monocytes.     

Association of Interleukin-10 gene promoter polymorphisms in Saudi patients with vitiligo

The promoter region of human Interleukin -10 gene is highly polymorphic and has been associated with numerous autoimmune diseases. Recent studies have linked vitiligo with defective autoimmune system. This study is aimed to explore a possible association between IL-10 gene polymorphism and vitiligo in Saudi population. This case control study consisted of 184 Saudi subjects including 83 vitiligo patients (40 males, 43 females mean age 27.85 +/- 12.43 years) and 101 matched controls. Genomic DNA was extracted from the blood samples of healthy controls and Vitiligo patients visiting out patient clinic of Department of Dermatology, Riyadh Armed Forces Hospital, using QIA ampR DNA mini kit (Qiagen CA, USA). Interleukin-10 gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using Arms primers to detect any polymorphism involved at positions -592, -819 and -1082. The frequencies of GG genotype at -1082, and CC genotype at positions -592 and 819 were significantly higher in vitiligo patients compared to healthy subjects suggesting that GG and CC genotypes might be susceptible to vitiligo in Saudis. On the other hand genotypes -1082 GA, -819 CT, and -592 CA of IL-10 were more prevalent in healthy controls suggesting protective effects of GA, CT and CA genotypes against vitiligo. This study indicates that the IL-10 gene may play a significant role in the etiology of vitiligo among Saudis.     

中国南方妇女AhR和ARNT基因多态性与子宫内膜异位症的相关性

目的 探讨中国南方汉族妇女芳香烃受体(arylhydrocarbon receptor,AhR)基因和芳香烃受体核转位子(arylhydroarbon nuclear translocator,ARNT)基因多态性与子宫内膜异位症的相关性.方法 收集经手术证实的431例子宫内膜异位症患者和499名对照人群外周血,采用高分辨率熔解曲线技术检测AhR及ARNT基因多态性.结果 病例组和对照组妇女AhR 1661G/A位点AA、AG、GG基因型频率分别为9.7%、44.6%、45.7%和12.0%、41.9%、46.1%,两组的基因频率差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.234,P=0.629);A和G等位基因频率为32.0%、68.0%和33.0%、67.0%,两组差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.189,P=0.664).病例组和对照组妇女ARNT 567G/C位点GG、GC、CC基因频率分别为13.5%、47.8%、38.7%和15.6%、51.7%、32.7%,两组差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.194,P=0.659);C、G等位基因频率为62.6%、37.4%和58.5%、41.5%,两组差异无统计学意义(χ2=3.30,P=0.07).2组间AhR1661G/A和ARNT 567G/C联合基因型频率分布差异亦无统计学意义(χ2=11.20,P=0.191).结论 中国南方妇女外周血AhR 1661G/A及ARNT 567G/C基因多态与子宫内膜异位症的发病无明显相关.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the association between the arylhydrocarbon receptor gene (AhR)1661G/A or arylhydrocarbon nuclear translocator gene (ARNT) 567G/C polymorphism and endometriosis in southern Han Chinese women. Methods The polymorphisms of AhR gene 1661G/A and ARNT gene 567G/C in 431 cases of endometriosis and 499 healthy women were genotyped by fluorescence quantitative PCR-based high resolution melting. Results The frequencies of genotypes AA, AG, GG and alleles A and G in controls were 12.0%, 41.9%, 46. 1%, 33.0% and 67.0%, respectively, which were not significantly different from those in patients with endometriosis (9. 7%, 44. 6%, 45. 7%, 32. 0% and 68. 0%,respectively). The genotype frequencies of GG, GC, CC and alleles C and G in controls (15.6 %, 51.7 %,32. 7%, 58. 5%, 41. 5%) were not significantly different from those in patients with endometriosis (13.5%, 47.8%, 38. 7%, 62. 6%, 37. 4%), either. And no interaction of AhR 1661G/A and ARNT 567G/C on endometriosis was found. Conclusion No association between AhR 1661G/A and ARNT 567G/C genetic polymorphisms and endometriosis was found in the southern Han Chinese women in this study.     

Serotonin transporter gene polymorphisms are associated with anxiety‐related personality traits in women

Several studies have reported an association between anxiety‐related personality traits and a promoter polymorphism in the human serotonin transporter (5‐HTT) gene (5‐HTT gene‐linked polymorphic region, 5‐HTTLPR). In the present study, a population of 251 subjects was assessed with the Karolinska Scales of Personality (KSP) and genotyped both for the 5‐HTTLPR and for a variable number of tandem repeats polymorphism in the second intron of the same gene. The interpretation of previous studies has to some extent been confounded by the studied subjects differing with respect to ethnicity, sex, and age. To circumvent this problem, all included subjects were Caucasians, women, and born in the same year (1956). Associations were found between the 5‐HTTLPR and four of the five anxiety‐related KSP scales (psychic anxiety, muscular tension, psychasthenia, and lack of assertiveness), subjects being homozygous for the short allele displaying higher anxiety scores than those of the long/long or long/short genotype. In addition, an association was found between the intron 2 polymorphism and one anxiety‐related personality trait (somatic anxiety). © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.