经尿道钬激光内切开术治疗尿道狭窄（附32例报告）

目的探讨经尿道钬激光内切开术治疗尿道狭窄的可行性和安全性。方法分析2002年5月至2008年3月32例尿道狭窄和闭锁患者行经尿道钬激光内切开术治疗的临床资料。结果31例患者一次性腔内钬激光内切开治疗成功，1例因狭窄段长达3cm，钬激光内切开失败而改开放手术。无大出血、尿瘘、尿失禁等并发症发生。术后随访3～12个月，均排尿通畅。结论经尿道钬激光内切开术是治疗尿道狭窄的一种简单安全有效的手术方法，创伤小，并发症少，疗效确切。     

经输尿管镜钬激光治疗男性尿道狭窄的临床体会

目的探讨经输尿管镜钬激光治疗男性尿道狭窄的安全性及有效性。方法经尿道输尿管镜直视下钬激光内切开术治疗男性尿道狭窄31例,术后留置导尿2-4周。结果 31例患者均顺利完成手术,术毕均能通过F24尿道扩张器,术中术后无明显出血及直肠损伤、尿漏、尿失禁等并发症,所有患者在拔除导尿管后均自行排尿。术后随访3-24月,3个月内有3例尿道狭窄复发,3个月后另有8例尿道狭窄复发,均予定期尿道扩张至治愈。结论经尿道输尿管镜下钬激光内切开术治疗尿道狭窄是安全有效的。     

2μm铥激光尿道内切开治疗男性尿道狭窄及尿道闭锁(附23例报告)

目的探讨2μm铥激光尿道内切开治疗男性尿道狭窄及尿道闭锁的手术方法。方法使用德国LISA公司RevoLix 2μm连续波医用铥激光手术治疗系统,最大功率40 W,行手术治疗男性尿道狭窄17例,男性尿道闭锁6例。手术均在尿道镜直视下配以寻光法引导进行。后续治疗采用传统的尿道扩张方法,每周1次尿道扩张,连续10次以上,之后每月1次尿道扩张持续1年以上。结果平均手术时间52(35~70)min,术后4~8周拔除导尿管,患者均排尿通畅,术后配合尿道扩张巩固疗效。1例患者术后4个月时尿道扩张困难,再次行经尿道狭窄激光内切开术,术后排尿通畅。结论 2μm铥激光尿道内切开术治疗尿道狭窄及尿道闭锁操作简便,创伤小,并发症少,疗效可靠且安全性高。     

输尿管镜下手术内切开治疗尿道狭窄的临床效果观察

目的总结腔镜技术治疗尿道狭窄的效果。方法对40例男性尿道狭窄患者采用输尿管镜下实施冷刀,钬激光、电切技术等行尿道内切开术治疗,回顾性分析患者的临床资料结果 40例中腔镜手术成功38例(95.00%),拔除尿管后排尿恢复通畅,2例失败转开放手术后治疗痊愈。患者均获随访12个月,其中10例术后1~2个月再狭窄,行二次腔内手术治疗,经扩尿道后痊愈。结论腔镜直视下应用电切、钬激光等及时实施内切开治疗尿道狭窄,疗效确切。     

输尿管镜联合铥激光内切开术治疗尿道狭窄

目的:探讨输尿管镜联合铥激光内切开治疗尿道狭窄的疗效。方法:尿道狭窄或闭锁36例,采用输尿管镜联合铥激光行尿道内切开,汽化切除尿道瘢痕组织,恢复尿道的连续性,观察其临床疗效及并发症。结果:手术时间10~90 min,平均35 min,术后留置尿管2~6周后均排尿通畅,无尿失禁。随访4~24个月,平均12个月。27例患者无需尿道扩张,5例患者拔管后出现尿线变细,经定期尿道扩张后治愈,3例因未及时行尿道扩张需再次行尿道内切开术,1例行尿道狭窄段切除成形术。结论:输尿管镜联合铥激光行尿道内切开治疗短段尿道狭窄,安全有效,并发症少,住院时间短,亦可作为严重尿道狭窄、尿道闭锁的可选治疗手段,早期疗效良好,但远期效果尚待观察。     

男性长段尿道狭窄的经尿道腔内治疗分析(附12例报告)

目的:探索经尿道腔内治疗男性长段尿道狭窄的要点及临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析12例男性长段尿道狭窄患者的临床资料、治疗方法及长期随访结果。结果:12例患者尿道狭窄长度3~9cm,均一期成功进行经尿道尿道狭窄内切开术(7例使用钬激光,5例使用2μm激光),术后规律进行尿道扩张。随访时间6~72个月。所有患者均完成术后前6个月的规律尿道扩张,排尿持续通畅,术后6个月时尿道造影示狭窄段尿道管腔通畅、光滑,最大尿流率11~23ml/s,与手术前(2~8ml/s)相比差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。9例随访超过2年患者中,7例坚持完成2年规律的尿道扩张,排尿持续通畅,痊愈;2例未坚持后续尿道扩张,均逐渐出现排尿不畅情况,1例及时恢复尿道扩张后痊愈,1例再次行经尿道内切开术并规律尿道扩张后痊愈。结论:经尿道尿道狭窄内切开术配合术后规律尿道扩张是治疗男性长段尿道狭窄的有效方法之一。     

后尿道狭窄内镜下处理的临床体会

目的:探讨输尿管镜下钬激光内切开治疗后尿道狭窄的疗效和手术技巧。方法:回顾性分析11例患者的临床资料,均采用经尿道联合经膀胱造瘘口输尿管镜下钬激光内切开治疗复杂后尿道狭窄或闭锁。结果:11例患者均一次性手术成功。术中尿外渗1例,表现为阴囊水肿,术中予阴囊穿刺,保持引流管通畅,术后3d水肿消退。术后轻度尿失禁1例,经加强盆底肌锻炼1周后好转。术后随访3个月~6年,均排尿通畅。结论:输尿管镜下钬激光内切开治疗后尿道狭窄或闭锁创伤小,安全有效。术中采用经膀胱造瘘口行后尿道镜检可更加明确后尿道近端走行和狭窄情况,可减少假道并发症并提高疗效。对瘢痕较多者联合电切可提高术中效率和远期疗效。     

经尿道输尿管镜钬激光治疗男性尿道狭窄的临床效果

目的分析经尿道输尿管镜钬激光治疗男性尿道狭窄的临床效果。方法对21例男性尿道患者生实施经尿道输尿管镜下狭窄段疤痕钬激光切除,部分患者术后定期尿道扩张,观察治疗效果。结果 21例患者顺利完成手术,术中术后均未发生大出血、尿液外渗、直肠损伤等并发症。患者获随访6~18个月,18例排尿恢复通畅,2例行定期尿道扩张,1例治愈,1例钬激光行二次手术后治愈。结论钬激光创伤小、并发症少、疗效确切,是治疗尿道狭窄的首选方法。     

小儿输尿管镜钬激光内切开术治疗男性尿道狭窄

目的探讨小儿输尿管镜钬激光内切开术治疗男性尿道狭窄的安全性及临床疗效。 方法回顾性分析2014年8月至2017年4月我院42例行经尿道小儿输尿管镜钬激光内切开术治疗的男性尿道狭窄患者病历资料,患者年龄23～72岁,平均43岁,其中膜部尿道狭窄18例,前列腺部尿道狭窄5例,前尿道狭窄19例;狭窄段长度：0.3～2.5 cm,平均（1.4±0.3）cm,其中2例狭窄段长度2.0～2.5 cm;38例术前行自由尿流率检查,最大尿流率（Qmax）2.5～7.8 ml/s,平均（4.5±1.2）ml/s;术后留置尿管4～6周,拔除尿管后常规行尿道扩张3～4次,每次间隔1周,定期复查尿流率。 结果42例患者均顺利完成手术,手术时间30～70 min,平均（48±9）min,出血量少,无尿外渗、穿孔、感染等并发症,拔除尿管后排尿通畅。随访6～12个月,39例患者排尿通畅,最大尿流率明显改善,为12.6～22.5 ml/s,平均（16.3±3.7）ml/s,3例术后3个月尿线变细、尿流率下降行尿道扩张3～4次后排尿正常。 结论经尿道小儿输尿管镜钬激光内切开术治疗男性尿道狭窄安全、创伤小、并发症少,近期疗效满意。     

钬激光联合电切治疗后尿道狭窄与开放手术的疗效比较

目的:评价钬激光联合电切与传统开放手术治疗后尿道狭窄及闭锁的疗效及安全性。方法:收治后尿道狭窄及闭锁患者40例,非选择性对其中18例采用钬激光联合电切尿道狭窄内切开术,22例患者行传统开放手术切除瘢痕加尿道吻合术。40例随访12～20个月,平均15个月,比较两组术中及术后的相关临床指标,包括手术时间、术中出血量、留置尿管时间、术后尿道扩张次数、住院时间、治愈率及尿失禁、尿外渗及继发出血等并发症发生情况。结果:钬激光联合治疗组治愈率83.3%,开放组治愈率86.3%,2组术后最大尿流率均明显改善,组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);钬激光联合治疗组平均手术时间,术中出血量,住院时间,留置尿管时间,并发症发生率,尿失禁及阴茎勃起功能障碍等均少于开放手术组(P<0.05)。术后尿道扩张次数组间无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论:钬激光联合电切是治疗单纯性后尿道狭窄的首选方法。开放手术在复杂性尿道狭窄的治疗上有明显优势,而且是解决尿道狭窄的最终方法。     

Low-power holmium:YAG laser urethrotomy for treatment of urethral strictures: functional outcome and quality of life

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of endourethrotomy with the holmium:YAG laser as a minimally invasive treatment for urethral stricture. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between January 2002 and January 2004, 32 male patients with symptomatic urethral strictures (8 bulbar, 9 penile, 9 combined) were treated with Ho:YAG-laser urethrotomy in our department. The stricture was iatrogenic in 60% (N = 18), inflammatory in 16.6% (N = 5), traumatic in 13.3% (N = 4), and idiopathic in 7% (N = 3). The stricture was incised under vision at the 12 o'clock location or the site of maximum scar tissue or narrowing in asymmetric strictures. Laser energy was set on 1200 to 1400 mJ with a frequency of 10 to 13 Hz. Postoperatively, drainage of the bladder was performed for 4 days using a 18F silicone catheter. Triamcinolone was instilled intraurethrally after removal of the catheter in all patients. Patients were followed up by mailed questionnaire, including International Prostate Symptom Score and quality of life. RESULTS: Retrograde endoscopic Ho:YAG laser urethrotomy could be performed in all 32 patients. Most patients (22; 68.7%) did not need any reintervention. Ten patients developed recurrent strictures that were treated by another laser urethrotomy in 4 patients (12.5%), while 6 patients (18.7%) needed open urethroplasty with buccal mucosa. Including 2 patients treated with repeat laser urethrotomy, 24 patients (75%) were considered successful after a mean follow-up of 27 months (range 13-38 months). No intraoperative complications were encountered, although in 5% of patients, a urinary-tract infection was diagnosed postoperatively. No gross hematuria occurred. CONCLUSIONS: The Ho:YAG laser urethrotomy is a safe and effective minimally invasive therapeutic modality for urethral stricture with results comparable to those of conventional urethrotomy. Further data from long-time follow-up are necessary to compare the success rate with that of conventional urethrotomy and urethroplasty. Nevertheless, the Ho:YAG laser urethrotomy might at least be an alternative to urethroplasty in patients with high comorbidity who are not suitable for open reconstruction.     

Neodymium-YAG laser core through urethrotomy in obliterative posttraumatic urethral strictures after failed initial urethroplasty

OBJECTIVE: To assess the feasibility, problems and results of Nd-YAG laser core through urethrotomy in the management of failed urethroplasty for posttraumatic bulbomembranous urethral strictures. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 61 patients with obliterative posttraumatic urethral strictures were treated by Nd-YAG laser core through urethrotomy between May 1997 to April 2000. Of these, 5 patients had failed end-to-end urethroplasty done as an initial procedure at various periods of time. The procedure was performed as day care and patients were discharged within 6 h of procedure. RESULTS: At 24-30 months of follow-up, all patients are voiding well and are continent. Auxiliary procedures were required in 2 cases. CONCLUSION: Nd-YAG laser core through urethrotomy is a feasible day care option for patients of obliterative urethral strictures following failed initial urethroplasty with successful outcome.     

经尿道钬激光治疗男性尿道狭窄

目的:探讨经尿道钬激光治疗男性尿道狭窄的方法、安全性和疗效。方法:对38例男性尿道狭窄患者行经尿道狭窄段疤痕钬激光切除(功率10~45W),狭窄段长度:<1.0cm者18例,1.0~1.5cm者9例,>1.5cm者7例,完全闭锁者4例,并发膀胱结石者6例。平均最大尿流率为(5.6±2.3)ml/s。结果:36例手术成功,无大出血、尿外渗、直肠损伤等并发症发生,术后平均最大尿流率为(17.5±3.4)ml/s,2例中转开放手术,32例获随访3~18个月,其中4例行定期尿道扩张,2例以钬激光行二次手术后治愈。结论:经尿道钬激光治疗男性尿道狭窄安全、有效、创伤小、可重复治疗。     

Endoscopic management of post-traumatic prostatic and supraprostatic strictures using Neodymium-YAG laser.

We assessed the feasibility, efficacy and long-term results of endoscopic management using Neodymium-YAG (Nd-YAG) laser as a day care procedure in patients with post-traumatic supraprostatic and prostatic strictures. Three patients with post-traumatic prostatic and supraprostatic obliterative strictures underwent Nd-YAG laser core through urethrotomy as a day care procedure. Patient age ranged between 12 and 14 years. Mean duration of injury was 16 months. The length of stricture was assessed by bi-directional endoscopy prior to the procedure in all cases. Core through procedure was carried out using Nd-YAG laser under the guidance of a cystoscope placed antegradely. Patients were discharged on the same day with urethral catheter. Foley catheters were removed at 6 weeks. Nd-YAG laser core through procedure was carried out successfully in all cases with negligible blood loss in a mean time of 48 min. There were no intraoperative or postoperative complications. Patients were discharged on the same day. Follow-up cystogram was conducted at 6 weeks and urethroscopy at months. At a mean follow-up of 23 months, patients were asymptomatic and voiding well. Nd-YAG laser core through urethrotomy is a safe and effective procedure. It is a less invasive alternative to more complex urethroplasty procedures for patients with post-traumatic prostatic and supraprostatic strictures. It can be carried out as a day care procedure in carefully selected patients and has no complications.     

尿道下裂术后尿道狭窄的处理

目的 提高尿道下裂术后尿道狭窄的手术治疗水平.方法 尿道下裂术后尿道狭窄患者37例,年龄2～36岁,中位年龄5岁.其中尿道末段狭窄6例、吻合口狭窄30例,尿道末段及吻合口同时狭窄1例.单纯狭窄13例中行尿道末段切开4例、行加盖术6例、行经尿道钬激光狭窄切开术3例.复杂尿道狭窄24例,狭窄长度>0.5 cm,其中伴复杂尿道瘘8例、尿道憩室6例、阴茎弯曲4例、多次手术后尿道狭窄6例,行狭窄段切开加盖术或狭窄段切除、带蒂皮瓣尿道成形术,同时矫正阴茎弯曲、憩室切除、瘘口修补.结果 单纯狭窄组一次手术治愈12例,1例狭窄内切开术后尿道狭窄者二次手术治愈.复杂狭窄组中8例伴复杂尿道瘘一次矫治术治愈7例,二次手术治愈1例;6例伴尿道憩室者均一次手术治愈;4例伴阴茎弯曲者一次手术成功3例;二次手术治愈1例;6例多次矫治术后尿道狭窄者均一次手术治愈.37例随访12～24个月,立位排尿通畅.结论 尿道下裂术后单纯尿道末段狭窄采用狭窄切开术或加盖术,单纯吻合口狭窄采用加盖术或经尿道钬激光狭窄切开术,复杂性尿道狭窄采用狭窄切开加盖术或狭窄段切除阴茎或阴囊中隔皮管尿道成形肉膜蒂加盖术,效果良好.     

输尿管镜辅助下双极等离子体电切治疗尿道狭窄的疗效观察

目的评价输尿管镜辅助下双极等离子体电切治疗尿道狭窄的疗效和安全性。方法 2004年1月至2008年12月,运用27 F GYRUS双极等离子体电切镜在8~9.8 F WOLF输尿管镜辅助下治疗41例男性尿道狭窄患者,年龄18～69岁,平均28岁。其中外伤性尿道狭窄27例,炎症性狭窄3例,前列腺术后狭窄8例,成人尿道下裂术后狭窄3例。所有患者经尿道造影及尿流率检查。狭窄段长度0.3～3.0 cm,平均1.23 cm。其中狭窄段内径>3 F者28例(A组);狭窄段内径<3 F,且部分病例为尿道闭锁、假道者13例(B组)。术后随访12～18个月。结果全组手术成功率78%(32/41),其中A组28例中23例(前尿道11例,后尿道10例,球膜连接部2例)手术1次成功,成功率82.1%(23/28);出现并发症5例(再狭窄3例,并发尿道穿孔、尿外渗各1例),并发症发生率17.9%(5/28);尿道穿孔、尿外渗2例患者经留置导尿管后自行愈合,3例再狭窄患者行开放性手术。B组13例中成功9例(前尿道3例,后尿道5例,球膜部1例),成功率69.2%(9/13);失败4例(1例因狭窄超过3.0 cm术后再发狭窄,1例合并假道,2例因尿道连续性完全破坏),并发症发生率30.8%(4/13),失败原因均为术中无法标记真道。B组4例内镜失败患者同样行开放性手术治疗。结论双极等离子体电切可以有效去除尿道瘢痕组织,在输尿管镜辅助下提高了治愈成功率,适宜于可以标引真道、且狭窄段长度不超过2.0 cm者,效果较好,为内镜治疗尿道狭窄的选项之一。     

直视下尿道内切开术联合尿道扩张治疗男性尿道狭窄36例疗效分析

目的:探讨直视下尿道冷刀内切开术联合尿道扩张治疗尿道狭窄的疗效。方法:36例尿道狭窄患者,均接受直视下尿道内切开术联合留置尿管治疗,现对其临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果:36例中,32例一次手术成功,4例行二次手术成功。36例患者中34例获随访6～24个月,平均15个月,5例排尿通畅,27例行尿道扩张后排尿通畅,2例术后3～4个月再次因尿道狭窄行开放手术。结论:直视下尿道内冷刀切开术联合尿道扩张治疗尿道狭窄疗效是肯定的,但远期疗效尚待长期观察。     

腔内手术治疗尿道狭窄及闭锁10年回顾(附203例报告)

目的：提高腔内手术治疗尿道狭窄及闭锁的治疗效果。方法：总结10年来经腔内手术治疗尿道狭窄及闭锁患者203例的体会。结果：203例中手术成功194例（96％）,其中行2次腔内手术者9例,3次腔内手术者5例。手术失败9例（4％）改行开放手术,失败原因与狭窄段较长（＞3cm)、反复腔内操作及严重瘢痕化等因素有关。获随访者157例（6个月－8年）,143例排尿顺畅,14例需定期尿道扩张。结论：腔内手术可以作为治疗尿道狭窄及闭锁的首选方法,应争取一次成功,尽量避免重复手术。     

Core through urethrotomy with the neodymium:YAG laser for posttraumatic obliterative strictures of the bulbomembranous urethra

PURPOSE: We studied the safety and efficacy of core through urethrotomy with the neodymium (Nd):YAG laser for posttraumatic obliterative strictures of the bulbomembranous urethra. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eight patients a mean of 27.5 years old with posttraumatic (motor vehicle accidents) obliterative strictures of the bulbomembranous urethra were treated from May to December 1997. Laser treatment selection criteria were stricture length 2.0 cm. or less, good alignment between the urethral ends and no history of rectal injury or erectile dysfunction. All patients underwent core through urethrotomy with the Nd:YAG contact laser delivered with the 600 micro bare fiber at 15 to 25 W. The urethrotomy was guided only by a metal sound introduced through the suprapubic tract. RESULTS: Blood loss was negligible and excellent visualization was maintained throughout the procedure. Operating time ranged from 45 to 70 minutes. There were no perioperative complications. Hospital stay was 24 hours in the first case and 6 to 8 hours in subsequent cases. All patients returned to work within 5 days. Urethroscopy was performed 4 and 12 weeks after catheter removal in all patients. Only 1 patient required repeat internal urethrotomy. Voiding cystourethrography revealed a stricture-free urethra in 7 cases. At last followup 7 to 14 months (mean 10.25) after the procedure mean maximum flow rate was 18.6 ml. per second (range 16.5 to 22.4) in the patients who were stricture-free and 11.8 ml. per second in 1 with recurrent stricture. CONCLUSIONS: Core through urethrotomy with the contact Nd:YAG laser seems to be a safe and effective treatment option for select strictures. The hospital stay is remarkably short and complications are negligible. Re-stricture rates are likely to be low but more experience and longer follow-up are needed.