经皮肾微造瘘输尿管镜钬激光碎石结合ESWL治疗复杂性肾结石

目的：探讨经皮肾微造瘘输尿管镜钬激光碎石结合ESWL治疗复杂性肾结石的效果。方法：对26例复杂性肾结石患者采用经皮肾微造瘘输尿管镜钬激光碎石结合一次或多次ESWL碎石治疗。结果：经皮肾微造瘘输尿管镜钬激光碎石结合一次ESWL治疗后结石清除率为73．1％,二次ESWL治疗后结石清除率为84．6％,三次ESWL治疗后结石清除率为88．5％。结论：经皮。肾微造瘘输尿管镜钬激光碎石结合一次或多次ESWL治疗复杂性肾结石是安全、有效的方法。     

经皮肾微造瘘钬激光碎石取石术治疗复杂性肾结石

目的总结经皮肾微造瘘钬激光碎石取石术(MPCNL)治疗复杂性肾结石的经验。方法本组复杂性肾结石患者110例,男60例,女50例;其中单侧复杂性肾结石85例,双侧25例。先采用经皮肾微造瘘钬激光碎石取石术治疗,较大残留结石再次行二期MPCNL。结果110例复杂性肾结石(25例为双侧肾结石)患者行123侧MPCNL术,一次取尽结石90例,12例行二期PCNL取尽结石,21例术后残余结石,配合体外冲击波碎石术(ESWL)治疗,总结石取净率82.9%(102/123),平均手术时间为100±20min,出血50±30ml,无大出血、尿瘘、动静脉瘘、腹腔脏器损伤等严重的并发症。结论MPCNL联合钬激光碎石取石术治疗复杂肾结石安全、有效。具有损伤小、恢复快、出血少等优点。     

大功率钬激光碎石术与气压弹道碎石术治疗肾结石的疗效比较

目的：比较经皮肾微穿刺造瘘（MPCN）大功率钬激光碎石术与气压弹道碎石术治疗肾结石的有效性和安全性。方法：回顾性分析我院自2003年6月～2005年8月使用MPCN大功率（30～60w）钬激光碎石术与气压弹道碎石术治疗肾结石患者87例94侧的临床资料,比较两种碎石方法的碎石时间、结石排净率、并发症发生率、平均单侧碎石费用等指标的差异。结果：钬激光组39侧患肾,气压弹道组55侧患肾。钬激光组平均碎石取石时间77min（41～134min）,低于气压弹道组89min（46～142min）。钬激光组Ⅰ期治疗结石排净率为79％,Ⅱ期治疗后结石总排净率为86％;气压弹道组Ⅰ期治疗结石排净率为75％,Ⅱ期治疗后结石总排净率为83％。尿液转清平均时间钬激光组为40h,低于气压弹道组平均时间58h。手术并发症发生率钬激光组为4％,低于气压弹道组7％。术后平均血红蛋白下降钬激光组为5．1％,低于气压弹道组7．3％。平均单侧碎石机费用钬激光组为5000元,高于气压弹道组300元。结论：MPCN大功率钬激光碎石术较气压弹道碎石术碎石时间短,效率高,手术并发症低,是治疗包括巨大铸形结石在内的各种肾结石的有效方法,但费用较高。     

多通道微造瘘经皮肾输尿管镜钬激光碎石术治疗复杂肾结石

目的 评估多通道微造瘘经皮肾输尿管镜钬激光碎石或气压弹道术碎石术治疗复杂肾结石的安全性和有效性.方法 回顾分析2001年到2009年间利用多通道微造瘘经皮肾输尿管镜钬激光碎石术或气压弹道碎石治疗复杂肾结石58例患者的临床资料.结果 58例患者共62个肾脏接受微造瘘经皮肾输尿管镜碎石术,共建立130条经皮肾通道,最多3个通道,一般仅为2个.58%的通道建立在第11肋间,其余分别位于第12肋下或第10肋间.12例患者术中术后需输血,5例患者出现感染性休克.48例患者经多期手术结石完全清除,清除率达77.4%.结论 多通道经皮肾镜取石术安全、有效,是复杂肾结石的治疗方式之一.     

大功率钬激光经皮肾微造瘘输尿管镜治疗复杂性肾结石(附65例报告)

目的：探讨大功率钬激光经皮肾输尿管镜治疗复杂性肾结石的方法与效果。方法：应用大功率（60w,3．0J,20Hz）钬激光经皮肾输尿管镜治疗复杂性肾结石65例,其中多发性肾盂肾盏结石48例（平均直径3．1cm）,鹿角状结石17例（平均直径5．3cm）,统计大功率钬激光碎石术碎石时间、结石取净率以及手术并发症等。结果：平均每次手术碎石取石时间为65（36～128）min,一次治疗结石取净率为69％（45／65）,总的取净率为91％（59／65）,术后5例出现发热,6例结合ESWL排净,3例有少量残留结石,1例术后出血较多行超选择性动脉栓塞后治愈,无其他并发症。结论：大功率钬激光经皮肾输尿管镜治疗复杂性肾结石能快速粉碎结石,缩短手术时间,出血量少,效率高,是治疗结石的安全、有效方法。     

微创经皮肾镜钬激光碎石术治疗复杂性肾结石58例疗效分析

目的：探讨采用微创经皮肾镜钬激光碎石术（MPCNL）治疗肾脏复杂性结石的安全性和有效性。方法：2007年3月～20lO年10月采用MPCNI。治疗。肾脏复杂性结石患者58例,在超声引导下穿刺患肾中盏,也可根据需要穿刺其他肾盏。扩张后置人F14.0-18.0套鞘,采用F8.9输尿管硬镜,直视下配合钬激光将结石粉碎,一次或分次清除结石。必要时术后辅助ESWL治疗。结果：本组中70．7％（41／58）患者可通过一次手术将结石清除;29．3％（17／58）患者接受了二次取石术。平均手术时间（168±40）min,24．1％（14／58）患者术后或二次手术之间接受了ESWI。治疗。3个月后随访,结石清除率为86．0％。主要并发症包括术中大出血3例（5．1％）,伤口尿漏4例（6．7％）,液气胸2例（3．4％）。结论：采用MPCNL治疗肾脏复杂性结石具有创伤小、安全、并发症少、恢复快等优点,操作熟练、技术改进以及辅助ESWL可以大大提高手术清除结石效率,减少残留结石。     

微造瘘经皮肾镜大功率钬激光碎石术治疗复杂性肾结石

目的探讨微造瘘经皮肾镜大功率钬激光碎石术治疗复杂性肾结石的疗效。方法 2008年2月～2011年3月68例复杂性肾结石在B超引导下进行穿刺,以筋膜扩张器逐级扩张至F16,建立皮肾操作通道,置入F8/9输尿管硬镜,科以人100 W钬激光碎石机将结石击碎取出,常规留置F14肾造瘘管。结果 59例（86.8%）一期单通道碎石取石,其中54例一次取净结石,一次结石清除率为79.4%（54/68）;余5例残留小结石配合体外震波碎石治疗后排净结石。2例中转开放手术取石,7例二期碎石或取石。手术时间105～220 min,（120.5±39.1）min;术后住院8～13 d,（10.6±2.5）d。68例随访3～36个月,（21.6±7.8）月,3例结石复发,体外震波碎石后治愈。结论微造瘘经皮肾镜下大功率钬激光碎石治疗复杂性肾结石安全、高效,对患者创伤小、出血少、恢复快、结石清除率高,是治疗肾结石安全、有效的方法。     

微创经皮肾镜钬激光碎石治疗肾结石150例报告

目的探讨微创经皮肾镜钬激光碎石治疗肾结石的临床疗效。方法连续硬膜外麻醉,经皮肾穿刺,建立手术通道,插入肾镜(WolfF8.5/11.5),见结石后,用200μm钬激光传导光纤(设置功率0.6～1.2J/6～10Hz)将结石粉碎并取出碎石屑。术后保留肾造瘘管3～5d,尿管5～7d,双J管4～8周。结果130例一期手术取石,手术时间40～150min,平均60min,术后住院时间7～10d,平均8.5d;15例二期手术取石,术后住院时间12～16d,平均14d;5例三期手术取石,术后住院时间15～20d,平均17d。150例均为单通道取石,一次手术结石取净率86.0%(129/150),总结石取净率92.0%(138/150)。150例无严重并发症发生。结论微创经皮肾镜钬激光碎石治疗肾结石微创、安全、有效。     

经皮肾镜取石术联合输尿管软镜钬激光碎石治疗复杂性肾结石临床分析

目的 探讨经皮肾镜取石术联合输尿管软镜钬激光碎石治疗复杂性肾结石的临床效果.方法 回顾性分析2018-10—2020-07间禹州市人民医院收治的60例复杂性肾结石患者的临床资料.根据治疗方法分为经皮肾镜取石术组(对照组)和联合输尿管软镜钬激光碎石术组(观察组),每组30例.比较2组患者的基线资料、手术和住院时间、一次性...     

微创经皮肾穿刺输尿管镜钬激光碎石术治疗肾结石

目的 探讨微创经皮肾穿刺输尿管镜钬激光碎石术治疗肾结石的安全性、效果及优点.方法 回顾性分析20例肾结石患者,在B超或C臂X线监视下建立经皮肾通道,并行输尿管镜钬激光治疗.结果 结石一次取净率90%,无术后大出血及尿瘘.结论 mini-PCNL术治疗肾结石具有创伤小、操作安全可靠,结石一次取净率高、术后恢复快等优点.     

Treatment of renal stones in infants: comparing extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy and mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy

The objective of the study is to compare the efficacy and safety of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) and mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy (MPCNL) in treating renal stones sizing 15–25 mm in infants <3 years. Forty-six infants with renal stones sizing 15–30 mm were treated by either ESWL (22 renal units in 22 infants) using Dornier compact delta lithotripter or MPCNL (25 renal units in 24 infants) using 14F–18F renal access under general anesthesia. The operation time, stone-free rate, re-treatment rate, and complications between the two groups were compared with the χ², Mann–Whitney U, and Student’s t tests. No significant differences in mean age and stone size were observed between the two groups. The 1- and 3-month postoperative stone-free rates were 84 and 96 % in MPCNL group and were 31.8 and 86.4 % in ESWL group. The re-treatment and complication rates were significantly higher in ESWL group than in MPCNL group (50 vs. 12 %, P = 0.004; 16.0 vs. 45.5 %, P = 0.028). The stone recurrence rate was similar between the two groups. No significant changes of serum creatinine (Cr) level and glomerular filtration rate were observed in both groups. In conclusion, MPCNL is an effective and feasible alternative monotherapy for large renal stones (15–25 mm) in infants, with a higher stone-free rate and a lower complication rate when compared with ESWL.     

钬激光碎石术与体外冲击波碎石术治疗输尿管结石的疗效比较

目的　比较输尿管镜钬激光碎石术与体外冲击波碎石术 (ESWL)治疗输尿管结石的有效性和安全性。　方法　采用输尿管镜钬激光碎石术治疗输尿管结石 15 9例 16 8侧 ,其中结石直径≥ 1cm者 76侧 ,<1cm者 92侧。ESWL治疗输尿管结石 319例 334侧 ,其中结石直径≥ 1cm者 14 3侧 ,<1cm者 191侧。比较两组手术时间 结石排净率 手术并发症发生率指标的差异。　结果　对直径≥ 1cm和 <1cm的输尿管结石钬激光碎石术治疗平均手术时间分别为 5 8min和 4 3min ,短于ESWL的平均手术时间 6 8min和 5 6min(P <0 .0 1) ;钬激光碎石术对直径≥ 1cm的输尿管结石 3个月结石排净率为 92 % ,高于ESWL的 6 1% (P <0 .0 1) ;对直径 <1cm的输尿管结石钬激光碎石术和ESWL的 3个月结石排净率分别为 95 %和 85 % (P >0 .0 5 )。钬激光碎石术组并发症发生率为 4 .8%( 8/ 16 8) ,ESWL组无明显并发症发生。　结论　输尿管镜钬激光碎石术治疗直径≥ 1cm的输尿管结石疗效明显优于ESWL ,而直径 <1cm的结石二者疗效差异无显著性 ,ESWL为直径 <1cm结石的首选治疗方法     

急诊输尿管镜钬激光碎石与体外冲击波碎石治疗输尿管结石并急性肾绞痛的疗效比较

目的比较急诊输尿管镜钬激光碎石（URL）与急诊体外冲击波碎石（ESWL）两种方法治疗输尿管结石引起的急性肾绞痛的疗效。方法2006年1月至2008年9月,采用Storz8／9F硬质输尿管镜、钬激光碎石机和DornierCompactS型低能量电磁式碎石机分别急诊治疗输尿管结石并肾绞痛175例和110例。所有病例均先行药物治疗症状无缓解后在急诊初诊12h之内接受急诊URL或急诊ESWL。结果对于输尿管上段结石,术后疼痛缓解率URL组虽优于ESWL组（93．94％和66．67％,P〈O．05）,但碎石成功率（84．85％和83．33％,P〉0．05）及二周结石排净率（81．81％和77．78％,P〉0．05）均无显著差异。而对于输尿管中下段结石,术后疼痛缓解率（98．59％和92．39％）、碎石成功率（98．59％和91．30％）以及二周结石排净率（97．18％和94．78％）URL组均优于ESWL组fP〈0．05）。最大径10mm以内的结石URL组碎石成功率优于ESWL组（96．38和88．10％,P〈0．05）。最大径10mm以上的结石,术岳疼痛缓解率及2周排净率URL组均优于ESWL组（97．30％和69．23％,91．89％和61．23％,P〈0．05）。5RL及ESWL组并发症率分别为3．46％和2．73％（P〉0．05）。结论急诊URL和急诊ESWL均是输尿营结石并急性肾绞痛的安全、有效的治疗方法,对于输尿管上段结石或最大径不超过10mm的结石二首效果相当,而对于输尿管中下段结石或直径大于10rllm的结石来说,URL疗效优于ESWL。     

Monotherapy with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy for renal and ureteral stones]

We performed extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) as a monotherapy using the Medstone STS lithotripter on 288 patients with renal and ureteral stones between June, 1989 and June, 1991. We compared our results with previous reports on ESWL as used in combination therapy. Our cases consisted of 121 patients with renal stones and 167 patients with ureteral stones. A total of 437 sessions of lithotripsy were performed on 288 patients, for an average of 1.52 sessions of lithotripsy per patient. The percentage of stones measuring less than 4.0 mm in diameter that were fragmented was 94.3% for renal stones and 87.6% for ureteral stones. The stone-free rates 3 months after ESWL were 60.3% and 90.4%, respectively. Our results of the monotherapy with ESWL did not differ from those reported on ESWL as used in combination therapy, in terms of the rate of stone destruction and stone-free rates. We studied the other reports carefully and determined that ESWL monotherapy could have been performed in most those cases. We concluded that ESWL monotherapy is an excellent therapeutic method in the light of fewer complications and side effects compared with those from combination therapy, and the fact that the rate of recurrence for renal and ureteral stones is high makes ESWL monotherapy very useful because the procedure can be repeated.     

Anaesthesia-free extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in patients with renal calculi

Modern extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy can be performed with combined ECG and respiratory triggered shock wave release. Disconnecting the ECG triggering increases the risk of ventricular arrhythmias, including potentially malignant ones. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship of any sympatho-adrenal excitation as a possible explanation for the occurrence of cardiac arrhythmia. Plasma catecholamine levels were assessed in 5 patients during and after 50 min of anaesthesia-free extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy for the treatment of calculi in the upper pole of the left kidney. Venous blood sampling showed no significant increase in catecholamines (epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine) during or after treatment. The heart rate and arterial blood pressure were measured simultaneously and showed no significant increase when shock waves were released during ECG triggering. However, when disconnecting the ECG-triggering mode, the incidence of ventricular extrasystoles on Holter monitoring became more apparent during respiratory triggered shock wave release only, although there was no rise in plasma catecholamine levels. These data suggest that cardiac arrhythmias are related to direct and accidental mechanical stimulation of the heart rather than to any sympatho-adrenal discharge during shock wave release.     

Treatment of proximal ureteral calculi: holmium:YAG laser ureterolithotripsy versus extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy

PURPOSE: We compared the safety and efficacy of ureteroscopy with intracorporeal holmium:YAG laser lithotripsy and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) (Dornier Medical Systems, Inc., Marietta, Georgia) for proximal ureteral calculi. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 67 patients underwent 81 primary procedures, including in situ ESWL with a DoLi 50 lithotriptor (Dornier Medical Systems, Inc.) or ureteroscopy combined with holmium:YAG laser lithotripsy for proximal ureteral calculi. RESULTS: Of the primary procedures 81 involved proximal ureteral calculi, including 35 done for calculi 1 cm. or greater. The initial stone-free rate in patients with calculi 1 cm. or greater was 93% for ureteroscopy combined with holmium:YAG laser lithotripsy and 50% for in situ ESWL. The efficiency quotient for treating proximal ureteral calculi 1 cm. or greater was calculated as 0.76 for ureteroscopic lithotripsy and 0.43 for ESWL. For proximal ureteral calculi less than 1 cm. the initial stone-free rate was 100% and 80% for ureteroscopic laser lithotripsy and ESWL, respectively. The efficiency quotient was calculated as 0.81 for ureteroscopic lithotripsy and 0.72 for ESWL for treating proximal ureteral calculi less than 1 cm. There were no major complications in either group and all procedures were performed on an outpatient basis. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates that ureteroscopy combined with holmium:YAG laser lithotripsy is an acceptable treatment modality for all proximal ureteral calculi and excellent results are achieved for calculi 1 cm. or larger. Although the stone-free rate was better for smaller stones with ureteroscopic laser lithotripsy, efficiency quotients were similar. Therefore, ESWL should remain first line therapy for proximal ureteral calculi less than 1 cm. because of less morbidity, and a lesser anesthesia and analgesic requirement.