腹腔镜辅助下全大肠切除、回肠储袋与直肠肌管吻合术治疗家族性腺瘤性息肉病

目的 探讨腹腔镜辅助下全大肠切除、回肠储袋与直肠肌管吻合术在治疗家族性腺瘤性息肉病(familial adenomatous polyposis,FAP)中的价值.方法 回顾性统计分析7例FAP患者行腹腔镜辅助下全大肠切除、回肠储袋与直肠肌管吻合术的手术、术后恢复情况及随访资料,并与同期开腹手术患者相比较.结果 腹腔镜手术患者手术切口平均长度为4.32 cm,明显短于开腹手术,差异有统计学意义;术后排气时间平均为1.45 d,短于开腹患者,两组间差异无统计学意义;住院时间平均为11.95d,明显短于开腹手术患者,差异有统计学意义.术后6个月随访资料显示回肠储袋与直肠肌管吻合术安全可靠,较回肠储袋肛管吻合术后患者排便次数明显减少,肛管静息压和最大收缩压明显增高.结论 与原有回肠储袋肛管吻合术相比,腹腔镜辅助全大肠切除、回肠储袋直肠肌管吻合术不仅手术创伤小,手术方式简单,手术难度低,而且减少了可能发生的盆底肌肉和肛门括约肌损伤,更好地保留患者控排便功能.     

腹腔镜辅助下回肠储袋与直肠肌管吻合术治疗家族性腺瘤性息肉病的临床体会

目的:探讨腹腔镜辅助下回肠储袋与直肠肌管吻合术治疗家族性腺瘤性息肉病(familial adenomatous polyposis,FAP)的临床价值。方法:回顾分析2006～2011年为13例FAP患者分别行腹腔镜辅助回肠储袋与直肠肌管吻合术及回肠储袋与肛管吻合术的临床资料,并进行对比分析。结果:两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、术后切口长度、进食时间、住院时间、住院费用差异均无统计学意义。术后6个月随访,腹腔镜辅助下回肠储袋与直肠肌管吻合术较回肠储袋肛管吻合术后患者排便次数明显减少,肛管静息压及最大收缩压明显增高。结论:与传统回肠储袋肛管吻合术相比,回肠储袋直肠肌管吻合手术保留了部分直肠肌管,不仅有效减少了盆底肌肉损伤的可能性,而且很好地保护了肛门括约肌,因而可更好地保留患者的控排便功能。     

腹腔镜和开腹全结直肠切除回肠储袋肛管吻合术并发症文献分析

目的：探讨腹腔镜和开腹行全结直肠切除回肠储袋肛管吻合出现术后并发症的危险性。方法：检索、收集已发表的关于腹腔镜和开腹两种方法行全结直肠切除回肠储袋肛管吻合术的对照研究,按meta分析要求,应用Review Manager 4.2软件对其结果进行分析,计算腹腔镜组与开腹组术后并发症危险性的优势比（OR）、95%可信区间（CI）及P值。结果：腹腔镜组术后总并发症、肠梗阻、吻合口漏及尿路感染发生率高于开腹组,但P值均〉0.05;术后腹腔脓肿、切口感染、肺感染及再次手术干预的发生率低于开腹组,但P值均〉0.05。结论：腹腔镜行全结直肠切除回肠储袋肛管吻合术是安全的,可行的。     

家族性腺瘤性息肉病两种术式的对比研究

目的探讨家族性腺瘤性息肉病采用回肠贮袋肛管吻合术与回肠直肠吻合术两种术式的手术效果。方法回顾性分析两组在手术结果、术后排便功能和生活质量的差异。结果30例患者中行回肠直肠吻合术12例,贮袋吻合术18例,术后无死亡,无吻合口瘘等严重并发症,均无膀胱和性功能障碍。平均住院时间、手术时间和失血量直接吻合组优于贮袋组(P<0 01),在并发症发生率、术后排气排便时间和肠蠕动次数两组相似(P>0 05)。随访时间最短6个月,最长16年。3例(25% )直接吻合者术后直肠息肉癌变需切除直肠。两种术式的术后排便功能相似,仅在白天排便次数和肛周刺激方面IRA组优于IPAA组(P<0 05)。结论两组患者术后排便功能和术后生活质量相似,但回肠贮袋肛管吻合术可减少术后残留的直肠黏膜癌变机会,因而是较理想的手术方式。     

全结肠切除术治疗家族性多发腺瘤性息肉病六例

目的 探讨全结肠直肠切除回肠储袋肛管吻合术治疗家族性多发腺瘤性息肉病的效果.方法 回顾性分析2005年6月至2012年6月行全结肠切除术治疗家族性多发腺瘤性息肉病6例的临床资料.结果 6例患者均施行了全结肠直肠切除,回肠储袋肛管吻合术,同时作临时回肠造口术,均3个月后还纳;手术后无严重并发症发生.6例随访6个月至7年,2例患者肿瘤复发,1例死亡,5例仍存活,1例再次行肿瘤切除.6例术后能正常工作和生活,排便功能好.结论 回肠储袋肛管吻合术治疗家族性多发腺瘤性息肉病、切除彻底,术后控便能力比较好,不影响工作和生活,是治疗家族性多发腺瘤性息肉病比较好的手术方式,手术宜早.     

203例直肠结肠切除后回肠贮袋肛管吻合术

直肠结肠切除回肠贮袋肛管吻合术(IPAA）现普遍被用来治疗溃疡性结肠炎和家族性腺瘤性息肉,从而代替全结肠直肠切除回肠造瘘。由于并发症发生率高和功能方面的问题．限制了一些外科医生的使用,且各种贮袋结构的潜在优点仍有争议,本对手术经验,尤其是手术并发症进行了总结,并比较不同贮袋结构的功能。     

溃疡性结肠炎腹腔镜下手术的临床分析

目的观察溃疡性结肠炎采取腹腔镜下全结直肠切除回肠储袋肛管吻合术的效果。方法筛选出本院2015年1月至2019年1月收治的76例溃疡性结肠炎患者,根据不同术式纳入A组与B组各38例,A组应用传统开腹手术治疗,B组应用腹腔镜手术治疗,对比两组的手术指标、并发症以及生活质量。结果 B组的手术时间长于A组,出血量、进食时间、肛门排气时间、住院时间均少于A组,并发症发生率低于A组,术后SF-36评分高于A组,均P0.05。结论溃疡性结肠炎采取腹腔镜下全结直肠切除回肠储袋肛管吻合术的效果理想,可明显改善手术指标及患者的生活质量,且并发症少,值得推行。     

全结肠切除回肠"S"型储袋肛管吻合术治疗家族性腺瘤性息肉病

目的:探讨全结肠切除回肠“S“型储袋肛管吻合术治疗FAP的效果.方法:回顾分析1995至2005年进行的33例FAP全结肠切除术,对治疗效果进行分析.结果:33例患者中良性21例,癌变12例.全部患者均施行了全结肠切除,27例回肠“S“型储袋肛管吻合术,6例永久性回肠造口术; 手术后无严重并发症发生.33例均得到随访1～10年, 5例癌变病人因肿瘤复发、肝转移死亡.余者术后生存质量满意,排便功能良好. 结论:全结肠切除回肠“S“型储袋肛管吻合术治疗FAP息肉切除彻底、术后控便能力理想,该术式是治疗FAP较为理想的手术方式.     

回肠J型储袋癌变的诊断与手术治疗策略

结直肠切除加回肠“J”型储袋肛管吻合术（ileal pouchanal anastomosis，IPAA）是目前溃疡性结肠炎（ulcerative colitis，UC）手术治疗的金标准。回肠储袋取代直肠成为蓄便器官后。其黏膜层的组织也逐渐发生适应性变化，演变成类似结肠黏膜的构造,使之能更有效地吸收粪便中的水分，增强储袋的蓄便功能。由于结直肠癌的发病率大大高于回肠癌，因此适应性变化后．类似结肠黏膜的储袋黏膜，在理论上可能会导致回肠“J”型储袋的癌变率升高。     

年轻患者结直肠切除、回肠储袋肛管吻合术的长期效果

结直肠切除、回肠储袋肛管吻合术是治疗家族性腺瘤性息肉病和药物治疗无效的溃疡性结肠炎的最佳术式,但就实行该手术的年轻患者的长期效果的随访资料却很少。为了探讨家族性腺瘤性息肉病或溃疡性结肠炎的年轻患者在接受结直肠切除、回肠储袋肛管吻合术后的远期效果（如功能恢复、生活质量、形象、性功能等）,vanBalkomKA等人对1992年1月至2008年10月期间在马斯特里赫特大学医学中心因家族性腺瘤性息肉病或溃疡性结肠炎行结直肠切除、回肠储袋肛管吻合术的26例年轻患者的临床资料进行了回顾性分析,本组患者年龄10～24岁,术后至少随访1年。     

Anal sphincter-saving operations for chronic ulcerative colitis.

Three anal sphincter-saving operations--ileorectostomy, ileal pouch-anal anastomosis, and ileal pouch-distal rectal anastomosis--are currently being used in the surgical treatment of chronic ulcerative colitis. All three operations remove the disease, or most of it, and yet they maintain transanal defecation, reasonable fecal continence, and a satisfactory quality of life. All three avoid permanent abdominal ileostomy. Ileorectostomy is the easiest to perform, but it leaves residual disease in the remaining rectum and proximal anal canal that may cause symptoms and that may predispose the patient to cancer. In contrast, ileal pouch-anal anastomosis, although a more technically demanding procedure, totally eradicates the colitis. Its main drawbacks--frequent stooling, nocturnal fecal spotting, and pouchitis--are usually satisfactorily treated with loperamide hydrochloride and metronidazole. Ileal pouch-distal rectal anastomosis is somewhat easier to perform than ileal pouch-anal anastomosis and may result in less nocturnal fecal spotting. Like ileorectostomy, however, the operation leaves residual disease in the distal rectum and proximal anal canal. Considering all of these factors, the ileal pouch-anal operation is preferred today for most patients who require surgery for chronic ulcerative colitis.     

Ileal pouch-anal canal anastomosis for familial adenomatous polyposis: early and late results.

OBJECTIVE: The objective was to review the early and late results of ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) done for patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Patients with FAP will have colorectal adenomas develop and die of colorectal cancer if left untreated. Ileal pouch-anal anastomosis removes all disease-bearing mucosa while preserving transanal passage of stools. METHODS: Between 1981 and 1994, 187 patients with FAP, 11 to 59 years of age with a mean follow-up of 60 months (range, 5-170 months) had proctocolectomy and IPAA at Mayo Medical Center in Rochester, Minnesota. All patients had a proximal anal canal mucosal excision and a hand-sewn anastomosis of the pouch to the anal canal at the dentate line. A temporary ileostomy was used in 85% of the patients. RESULTS: No early postoperative deaths occurred, although two patients died later of metastatic colorectal carcinoma present at their initial operation. More important, no patient had a new cancer develop after IPAA. The overall morbidity after operation was 24%, with small bowel obstruction being the most common complication (13%). Patients had four bowel movements/24 hours and good fecal control, which continued during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: The IPAA eradicates the risk of colorectal cancer in patients with FAP. It can be performed with low mortality, acceptable morbidity, and good functional results over the long term.     

全结肠或全结直肠切除、回肠J-袋直肠或肛管吻合术

目的　评估全结肠或结直肠切除 (TC或PC)后 ,回肠J -袋直肠或肛管吻合术的效果。方法　回顾性总结分析 12例全结肠或结直肠切除后J -袋直肠或肛管吻合术的临床资料。结果　男性 5例 ,女性 7例手术经过顺利 ,除一例于术后第一天有肛门出血外 ,其余均顺利恢复 ,无手术死亡。肛门排便功能随时间推移 ,经三个月逐步改善 ,六个月后随访 ,大便多已成形 ,每天平均 3 -5次。有 2例加作短段回肠倒置术 ,术后第一个月不需口服肠蠕动抑制药 ,每天排便亦仅 4-6次。结论　该手术能保持良好的排便功能 ,病人生活质量感到满意 ,是全结肠或结直肠切除后的一种有效而理想的肠道重建方式 ,若再加作回肠倒置术效果更好     

What happens to the rectal muscular cuff? An experimental study in dogs

The anatomy and histology of the rectal muscular cuff was studied in 15 dogs with an ileal pouch-anal anastomosis. Eight channel, three-dimensional anal manometry showed normal maximal squeeze pressure (128 +/- 20 mm Hg) compared to a control group (135 +/- 4 mm Hg). The rectal muscular cuff showed complete absence of the cuff in three cases. In 12 dogs, the rectal cuff was retracted to a length of less than 1 cm, the muscle fibers were degenerated and fibrotic. The results in the canine model and the clinical results of patients with an ileal pouch-anal anastomosis with a cuff demonstrated that a rectal muscular cuff is not essential to maintain continence after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis.     

全大肠切除回肠贮袋肛管吻合术的远期疗效评价

目的　探讨全大肠切除回肠贮袋肛管吻合术治疗溃疡性结肠炎 (UC)和家族性腺瘤性息肉病 (FAP)的远期疗效。方法　 1985～ 2 0 0 2年间共对 6 1例患者行全结肠直肠切除回肠贮袋肛管吻合术 ,其中UC 2 5例、FAP 34例、其他 2例 ,应用S袋 2 5例、S J袋 13例、J袋 17例以及W袋 6例 ,术后随诊 1～ 18年、平均 8年 ,比较分析术后控便功能及并发症。结果　全部患者存活。并发症发生率为 16 % ( 10 / 6 1) ,其中UC患者 ( 2 4 % ,6 / 2 5 )高于FAP患者 ( 12 % ,4 / 34) ,W袋高于其他各袋 ,手法吻合 ( 2 0 % ,8/ 4 1)高于吻合器吻合 ( 10 % ,2 / 2 0 ) ,但差异均无显著性 (P >0 0 5 )。术后 2 4h大便次数平均为 4 2次。日间 84 % ( 4 3/ 5 1)、夜间 75 % ( 38/ 5 1)的患者排便能自控 ,6 % ( 3/ 5 1)的患者有明显的大便失禁。大部分患者对目前的生活质量表示满意。结论　全大肠切除回肠贮袋肛管吻合术治疗可维持UC与FAP患者肛管自控功能和可接受的大便次数 ,术后并发症较少 ,是较为理想的手术方式     

Anal and neorectal function after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis.

Bowel function varies markedly among patients with colectomy and ileal pouch-anal anastomosis. Little is known of the mechanisms controlling fecal continence and frequency of defecation after operation. The aim of this study was to determine which features of the anal sphincter and neorectum accounted for the variation in clinical outcome. Twenty patients were studied 4 to 35 months after operation and compared to 12 healthy volunteers. Despite several patients exhibiting impaired fecal continence, anal sphincteric length and pressures and ileal pouch capacity and distensibility were similar in patients and controls. Patients with poor results, however, had rapid filling of their ileal pouch, which resulted in early onset of high amplitude propulsive pressure waves in the pouch. As these waves became more frequent, defecation resulted. Patients with poor results also were not able to empty adequately their pouch. The poorer the completeness of evacuation, the more frequent the defecation (r = 0.62, p less than 0.01). The authors conclude that rapid pouch filling and impaired pouch evacuation can lead to increased stool frequency in patients after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis.     

Female fecundity before and after operation for familial adenomatous polyposis

BACKGROUND: Knowledge about the fertility of women suffering from familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is scarce and inconclusive. The purpose of this study was to investigate the fecundity of women with FAP before and after operation, and to compare the findings with those of a general population database and women with ulcerative colitis. METHODS: A questionnaire concerning reproductive experiences and waiting times to pregnancy was sent to all 230 women on the polyposis registers in Denmark, Finland, Sweden and Norway in whom primary surgery had consisted of ileorectal anastomosis or ileal pouch-anal anastomosis. Data on the general population and women with ulcerative colitis came from an existing database. Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier plots were used for analysis. RESULTS: The fecundity of women with FAP before operation and after colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis was similar to that of the general population. However, fecundity dropped to 54 per cent (P = 0.015) following proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis, although it was greater than the postoperative fecundity of women with ulcerative colitis. CONCLUSION: The significant reduction in female fecundity after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis should be communicated to young women with FAP before it is decided which surgical option to follow.     

Cumulative risk of developing polyps or malignancy at the ileal pouch-anal anastomosis in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis

Restorative proctocolectomy with an ileal pouch-anal anastomosis is performed in an increasing number of patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). Two techniques are currently used to construct an ileal pouch-anal anastomosis: (1) a double-stapled anastomosis between the pouch and the anal canal and (2) mucosectomy with a hand-sewn iteoanal anastomosis at the dentate line. Although this procedure is thought to abolish the risk of colorectal adenoma, an increasing number of case reports have been published concerning the development of adenoma at the anastomotic site. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the overall cumulative risk of developing adenomatous polyps after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis and to compare the cumulative risk after either anastomotic technique. A total of 126 consecutive FAP patients undergoing a restorative proctocolectomy were identified from polyposis registries in The Netherlands, Denmark, Italy, Germany, and New York. Life-table analysis was used to calculate the cumulative risk of developing polyps in 97 patients with at least 1 year of endoscopic follow-up (median 66 months, range 12 to 188 months). A double-stapled anastomosis was used in 35 patients, whereas in 62 patients a handsewn anastomosis with a mucosectomy was performed. In 13 patients polyps developed at the anastomotic site, four with severe and four with moderate dysplasia. None of the patients developed a carcinoma at the anastomotic site. The cumulative risk of developing a polyp at the anastomotic site was 8% (95% confidence interval 2% to 14%) at 3.5 years and 18% (95% confidence interval 8% to 28%) at 7 years, respectively. The risk of developing a polyp at the anastomotic site within 7 years was 31 % for patients with a double-stapled vs. 10% for patients with a hand-sewn anastomosis with mucosectomy (P = 0.03 [log-rank test]). Because FAP patients undergoing a restorative proctocolectomy with either a double-stapled or hand-sewn anastomosis have a substantial risk of developing adenomatous polyps at the anastomotic site, lifelong endoscopic surveillance is mandatory in both groups. Presented at the Thirty-Ninth Annual Meeting of The Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract, New Orleans, La., May 17–20, 1998.     

Functional outcome of stapled ileal pouch-anal canal anastomosis versus handsewn pouch-anal anastomosis

This study was conducted to determine whether stapled ileal pouch-anal canal anastomosis (IACA) preserving the anal transitional zone (ATZ) or hand-sewn ileal pouch-anal anastomosis with mucosectomy (IPAA) is more beneficial in achieving disease eradication and better postoperative function. IACA was performed in 10 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and 10 patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), 15 of whom were examined proctoscopically. IPAA was performed in 4 patients with UC and 8 patients with FAP. The mean maximum resting pressure (MRP) was 55 mmHg in the IACA group and 34 mmHg in the IPAA group (P < 0.01). The anorectal inhibitory reflex was positive in 18 patients (90%) from the IACA group and 5 (42%) from the IPAA group (P < 0.05). The pre- and postoperative MRPs were 61 mmHg and 55 mmHg, respectively, in the IACA group vs 63 mmHg and 34 mmHg, respectively, in the IPAA group (P < 0.01). Whereas 16 (80%) of the 20 IACA patients could discriminate feces from gas, only 4 (33%) of the 12 IPAA patients could (P < 0.05). The mean observation period was 2.3 years, the mean length of the columnar cuff was 2.8 cm, and no case of dysplasia or adenoma was seen. Postoperative function is more favorable following IACA than following IPAA, both physiologically and symptomatically. However, long-term surveillance of the residual mucosa is necessary before making a final recommendation. Received: April 20, 1999 / Accepted: January 7, 2000