经尿道膀胱颈电切术治疗女性膀胱颈梗阻21例分析

目的:探讨经尿道电切治疗女性膀胱颈梗阻的疗效。方法:对21例女性膀胱梗阻患者行径尿道膀胱颈电切术治疗,平均年龄(49±11)岁,病程5个月~3年,尿流率3.5~10.7ml/s,剩余尿150~700ml,术后随诊6~10个月。结果:手术均获成功,手术时间20~45min,平均27min,术中出血20ml。21例患者排尿症状评分,最大尿流率平均21ml/s,剩余尿均50ml。最大尿流率、剩余尿量等均较术前显着改善,随访无尿失禁、尿瘘发生。结论:经尿道电切术治疗女性膀胱颈梗阻疗效较好,并发症少。     

经尿道双极等离子电切术治疗女性膀胱颈梗阻的临床分析

目的探讨经尿道双极等离子电切术治疗女性膀胱颈梗阻的疗效。方法采用经尿道膀胱颈电切术（TURBN）加钩状电极颈口切开治疗63例女性膀胱颈梗阻。术前均行尿流动力学检查和膀胱镜检查,45例行经尿道膀胱颈后唇切除术,18例行经尿道膀胱颈后唇切除术加膀胱颈12点位纵行切开术。结果平均手术时间15（10～46）min,失血〈10ml,无水中毒及尿失禁发生。术后病理报告为膀胱颈黏膜下纤维组织增生伴玻璃样变性,部分平滑肌变性增生及黏膜下炎性细胞浸润。本组63例均获随访,平均13.5（1～24）个月,治疗后生活质量评分由4.3±1.2降至1.6±0.5（P〈0.01）,最大尿流率由4.8±2.6ml/s升至19.2±5.8ml/s（P〈0.01）,残余尿量由320.5±168.5ml降至26.3±16.4ml（P〈0.01）。结论经尿道双极等离子电切术是治疗女性膀胱颈梗阻的有效方法。     

经尿道电切术治疗女性膀胱颈器质性梗阻

目的:探讨女性膀胱颈器质性梗阻经尿道电切术的疗效。方法:采用经尿道膀胱颈部电切术治疗女性膀胱颈器质性梗阻46例。结果:41例获随访,随访时间6个月~24个月,排尿症状均明显改善。尿动力学检查:最大尿流率>19ml/s、平均尿流率>9ml/s、剩余尿量<50ml,均明显改善,未发生尿失禁和尿瘘等并发症。结论:经尿道膀胱颈部电切术是治疗女性膀胱颈器质性梗阻的最佳方法。     

经尿道双极等离子电切术治疗女性膀胱颈梗阻的临床分析

目的探讨经尿道双极等离子电切术治疗女性膀胱颈梗阻的疗效。方法采用经尿道膀胱颈电切术(TURBN)加钩状电极颈口切开治疗63例女性膀胱颈梗阻。术前均行尿流动力学检查和膀胱镜检查,45例行经尿道膀胱颈后唇切除术,18例行经尿道膀胱颈后唇切除术加膀胱颈12点位纵行切开术。结果平均手术时间15(10～46)min,失血<10ml,无水中毒及尿失禁发生。术后病理报告为膀胱颈黏膜下纤维组织增生伴玻璃样变性,部分平滑肌变性增生及黏膜下炎性细胞浸润。本组63例均获随访,平均13.5(1～24)个月,治疗后生活质量评分由4.3±1.2降至1.6±0.5(P<0.01),最大尿流率由4.8±2.6ml/s升至19.2±5.8ml/s(P<0.01),残余尿量由320.5±168.5ml降至26.3±16.4ml(P<0.01)。结论经尿道双极等离子电切术是治疗女性膀胱颈梗阻的有效方法。     

经尿道双极等离子电切术治疗女性膀胱颈梗阻(附18例临床分析)

目的探讨经尿道双极等离子电切术治疗女性膀胱颈梗阻的疗效。方法采用经尿道双极等离子膀胱颈电切术治疗18例女性膀胱颈梗阻患者。结果平均手术时间16(11～48)min,失血<10ml,无水中毒及尿失禁发生。术后病理报告为膀胱颈粘膜下纤维组织增生伴玻璃样变性,部分平滑肌变性增生及粘膜下炎性细胞浸润。本组18例患者均获随访,平均12(4～23)个月,治疗后生活质量评分由4.2±1.1降至1.7±0.5(P<0.01),最大尿流率由(3.8±2.9)ml/s升至(16.0±6.4)ml/s(P<0.01),残余尿量由(355.5±196.5)ml降至(34.5±18.9)ml(P<0.01)。结论经尿道双极等离子电切术是治疗女性膀胱颈梗阻有效的腔内治疗方法。     

经尿道腔内手术治疗女性膀胱颈梗阻（附33例报告）

目的：提高经尿道腔内手术治疗膀胱颈部梗阻的诊治水平。方法：对33例保守治疗无效的膀胱颈部梗阻女性患者行经尿道膀胱颈部电切术。结果：28例患者（84．8％）术后排尿症状明显改善,在手术后6～12周梗阻症状消失。最大尿流率和剩余尿量明显改善,手术前后平均尿流率分别为（6±4）ml／s、（28±10）ml／s（P〈0．05）。切除的膀胱颈部组织病理报告为纤维平滑肌组织增生伴或不伴慢性炎细胞浸润。随访6～58个月,平均18个月,5例在术后2～4年膀胱颈部梗阻症状复发,3例行再次电切后症状改善,2例再次电切,随访3个月无效后行膀胱造瘘术。均未发生尿失禁和尿瘘等并发症。结论：经尿道电切术治疗女性膀胱颈部梗阻手术操作简单、创伤小、出血少,疗效肯定。     

膀胱颈电切术联合益气缩泉汤治疗女性膀胱颈梗阻32例

目的：探讨经尿道膀胱颈电切术联合益气缩泉汤治疗女性膀胱颈梗阻的效果。方法：对32例女性膀胱颈梗阻患者采用经尿道膀胱颈电切术治疗,术后3d起配合口服益气缩泉汤1个月,分别于术后1周、1个月和6个月采用最大尿流率和膀胱残余尿量评价治疗效果。结果：32例术后1周、1个月和6个月的最大尿流率分别为（15.6±5.1）mL/s、（22.2±4.7） mL/s和（21.4±4.8） mL/s,均显著高于术前（6.8±3.2） mL/s（P＜0.001）;膀胱残余尿量分别为（68±18） mL、（31±14） mL和（33±15） mL,均显著低于术前（147±70） mL（P＜0.001）。结论：经尿道膀胱颈电切术联合益气缩泉汤是治疗女性膀胱颈梗阻的有效方法。     

经尿道等离子体双极电切术治疗老年女性膀胱颈梗阻(附37例报告)

目的 探讨治疗老年女性膀胱颈梗阻的有效治疗方法.方法 采用经尿道等离子体膀胱颈双极电切术治疗老年女性膀胱颈梗阻37例.结果 37例平均手术时间17min(10～57min),失血＜10ml,无水中毒及尿失禁发生.治疗后生活质量评分由4.0±1.0降至1.6±0.3(t=4.21,P＜0.01),最大尿流率由(9.7±2.1)ml/s升至(21.4±4.2)ml/s(t=3.74,P＜0.01),残余尿量由(82.0±17.0)ml降至(12.7±7.7)ml(t=2.92,P＜0.01). 结论 经尿道等离子体双极电切术是治疗老年女性膀胱颈梗阻有效的腔内治疗方法.     

经尿道膀胱颈电切术治疗慢性前列腺炎并发膀胱颈梗阻疗效观察

目的 :探讨经尿道膀胱颈电切术治疗慢性前列腺炎并发膀胱颈梗阻的治疗效果。方法 :采用经尿道膀胱颈电切术治疗慢性前列腺炎并发膀胱颈梗阻 11例。 11例慢性前列腺炎病史平均1.67± 0 .34年 ,尿流动力学检查最大尿流率为 11.2 0± 1.33ml/ s,膀胱镜检查见膀胱颈后唇抬高。结果 :术后 1个月复查 ,最大尿流率上升至 19.30± 0 .61ml/ s,前列腺按摩液和精液常规检查未见异常。结论 :对膀胱颈梗阻的男性青壮年患者 ,经药物治疗无效后可慎重选用经尿道膀胱颈电切术来解除膀胱颈梗阻。     

经尿道膀胱颈电切术治疗慢性前列腺炎合并膀胱颈梗阻

目的探讨经尿道膀胱颈电切术治疗慢性前列腺炎合并膀胱颈梗阻的临床效果。方法经尿道膀胱颈部电切术治疗慢性前列腺炎合并膀胱颈梗阻23例,并进行术前术后临床症状和尿流动力学检查及对比。结果所有患者术后排尿通畅,效果满意。随访1～3个月,最大尿流率由（10．78±1．35）mL／s上升至（21．30±0．63）mL／s,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;前列腺液及精液检查正常。结论对于慢性前列腺炎合并膀胱颈梗阻患者经药物治疗无效后,可选用经尿道膀胱颈部电切术治疗膀胱颈梗阻。     

经皮肾镜碎石取石术并发肠道损伤的客观原因分析

目的探讨经皮肾镜碎石取石术术中并发肠道损伤的客观原因。方法回顾2005年1月至2009年12月间收治经皮肾镜碎石取石术并发肠道损伤的12例患者临床资料,分析其主要客观原因。结果 12例患者中,明确为肾后结肠者11例（术后CT确诊7例,术前CT确诊但术者未重视者4例）,其中剖腹探查肠穿孔修补证实肾后结肠3例,证实空肠损伤为肾后结肠及空肠1例,肾与结肠关系不明1例;中度肾积水1例,轻度肾积水4例,无肾积水7例;患肾正常大小者5例,患肾不同程度萎缩者7例;中等体型者2例,消瘦者10例。结论经皮肾镜碎石取石术并发肠道损伤,客观原因主要为肾后结肠。肾后结肠患者,基本具有以下共同特征：体型消瘦、患侧肾正常大小或不同程度萎缩、肾积水轻微或无、肾周脂肪少或缺如等。确诊肾后结肠的主要方法需依靠术前CT检查。     

Treatment of primary bladder neck obstruction in women with transurethral resection of the bladder neck

PURPOSE: We describe the presentation, clinical characteristics, treatment and followup of a series of women with primary bladder neck obstruction (PBNO). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A patient data base was searched for women who underwent transurethral resection for bladder outlet obstruction diagnosed by videourodynamic study (VUDS) according to the Blaivas-Groutz nomogram for female bladder outlet obstruction between 1993 and 2002. A total of 37 women with obstruction were identified. Patients with neurogenic, traumatic, anatomical or iatrogenic causes of obstruction were excluded. Seven patients remained who had been diagnosed with PBNO, of whom all underwent transurethral bladder neck resection. Office records were reviewed for history, presentation, surgical treatment and clinical outcome. RESULTS: Seven patients were diagnosed with PBNO. Age was 39 to 81 years. Six of 7 patients presented with symptoms of obstruction, including a weak or intermittent stream and urinary hesitancy. These 6 patients had unremarkable physical examination findings with normal perianal sensation, anal sphincter tone and lower extremity reflexes. One patient presented with abdominal swelling, which on physical examination was found to be a markedly distended bladder containing more than 1000 cc urine. All patients had overt urethral obstruction on VUDS. In 6 of 7 patients obstruction was clearly at the vesical neck and in 1 the obstruction site was equivocal. Three patients were treated or had previously been treated pharmacologically with alpha-blockers. All patients were subsequently treated with intermittent self-catheterization. All patients then underwent transurethral bladder neck resection at the vesical neck and proximal urethra. Surgical specimens weighed 1 to 5 gm and showed urethral fragments or fibromuscular tissue without specific pathological findings. Followup was 1 to 10 years (median 3) and it included physical examination, uroflowmetry, post-void residual urine measurement and videourodynamic study. Six patients considered themselves cured of lower urinary tract symptoms and 1 was improved. In 1 patient the obstruction site was not clear. One patient had mild stress incontinence under rare circumstances not severe enough to require protective pads. The average change in flow was 6 +/- 10 vs 30 +/- 17 ml per second (p <0.03). The average change in voided volume was 194 +/- 170 vs 416 +/- 206 ml per second (p <0.06). Average change in post-void residual urine was 680 +/- 445 vs 173 +/- 366 ml (p <0.05). CONCLUSIONS: PBNO is an exceedingly rare condition, which is easily treatable when properly diagnosed by VUDS. The presentation of patients in urinary retention in middle age suggests that PBNO may be more common in less apparent forms than has previously been recognized.     

经尿道手术治疗神经性排尿功能障碍

目的 总结经尿道手术治疗神经性排尿障碍的疗效及适应证.方法 神经性排尿功能障碍患者41例.男13例,女28例.年龄12～43岁,平均27岁.其中骶椎裂36例、骶脊膜膨出术后2例、骶神经瘤切除术后1例、腰椎外伤术后2例.临床表现为排尿困难、尿线细.B超检查提示膀胱残余尿及双肾输尿管积水,尿动力学检查提示神经原性膀胱.手术采用局麻,女性患者在5、6、7点电切膀胱颈至环状纤维;男性患者在11、1点垂直部分切断外括约肌.结果 41例均获随访,平均随访85(2～252)个月.手术成功36例(88%),患者排尿通畅,尿流率增加>10 ml/s,肾输尿管积水减少或消失.无效5例(12%).结论 经尿道电切治疗骶神经损伤所致下尿路排尿功能障碍方法简便易行、费用低、效果好.     

女性膀胱颈纤维化导致膀胱出口梗阻的诊治（附22例报告）

目的报告女性膀胱颈纤维化导致膀胱出口梗阻（BOO）的诊断治疗体会。方法膀胱颈纤维化导致BOO女性病例22例，经尿流动力学及膀胱镜检确诊，均行经尿道膀胱颈部分切除术，并联合药物治疗。结果随访2～15个月，排尿情况均有改善，最大尿流率〉15mL／s，国际前列腺症状评分（IPSS）5．2±1．6。病理报告显示所有病例膀胱颈组织纤维增生，其中合并慢性炎症改变10例。结论根据临床症状、尿流动力学检查及膀胱镜检可以明确诊断膀胱颈纤维化导致的BOO，经尿道膀胱颈部分切除术可以取得良好的治疗效果。     

Transurethral incision of the bladder neck and prostate.

Between March 1983 and December 1988, 66 men 50 years old and older with symptomatic bladder outlet obstruction underwent transurethral incision of the bladder neck and prostate. Patients selected for incision had a small, clinically benign, prostate and peak urinary flow rate of less than 15 ml. per second. Preoperative and postoperative evaluation included symptom questionnaires and uroflowmetry. A single midline incision was made extending from the bladder neck to the verumontanum. Results were available in 64 of the 66 men who underwent the procedure with a mean followup of 2.24 years. Mean symptom scores decreased from 9.66 preoperatively to 4.59 postoperatively (p less than 0.001) and peak urinary flow rates increased from 7.4 to 14.7 ml. per second (p less than 0.0001). Antegrade ejaculation was preserved in 83.3% of the men who preoperatively had antegrade ejaculation. Subsequent transurethral resection of the prostate was required in 5 patients (7.6%). With a mean followup of greater than 2 years transurethral incision of the bladder neck and prostate was effective in treatment of bladder outlet obstruction caused by a small prostate while maintaining antegrade ejaculation in the majority of patients.     

Transurethral resection of bladder neck in female patients with neurogenic bladder

Transurethral resection of the bladder neck was performed in 6 female patients with neurogenic bladders who presented with a large volume of residual urine and bladder neck obstruction on voiding cystourethrography without detrusor hyperreflexia on cystometry. In 4 of the patients, transurethral sphincterotomy was performed concomitantly. Five of the patients demonstrated significant improvement in bladder emptying and 4 did not need self-catheterization. No complications of the operation were observed.     

Unilateral transurethral incision for primary bladder neck obstruction: symptom relief and fertility preservation

Our aim was to review the results of unilateral transurethral incision (TUI) of the bladder neck for the treatment of primary bladder neck obstruction. A total of 35 patients with the mean age of 40.31 years were included in the study. The international prostate symptom score (I-PSS), quality of life (QoL) score, uroflowmetry and sperm count were determined. The mean preoperative I-PSS was 32.1 points, peak urine flow rate was 7.8 cc/s and sperm count was 59.2 million/cc. There was a 28% reduction of I-PSS at 3 months, 38% at 6 months and 55% at 1 year. The urine peak flow rate increased by 54% at 3 months, 83% at 6 months and 95% at 1 year. The reduction in the sperm count was 63% at 6 months and 69% at 1 year. The QoL score improved significantly after 1 year compared with the preoperative period. Unilateral TUI of the bladder neck is an effective treatment for primary bladder neck obstruction. However, the postoperative sperm count is significantly reduced at 6-12 months (18-21 million/cc) but is probably sufficient for adequate fertility.