跳跃性脊柱骨折并脊髓损伤的治疗

目的：探讨跳跃性脊柱骨折的诊断和治疗方法。方法 22例手术治疗12例,保守治疗10例,结果 漏诊率达22．7％,按Frankel功能分级,手术治疗和保守治疗脊髓功能均有恢复但差异不明显。结论 对该类损伤要明确受伤机制,仔细检查,以防漏诊。适当放宽手术指征,警惕其他脏器合并伤。     

无骨折脱位型颈髓损伤的治疗

目的 探讨无骨折脱位型颈髓损伤治疗方式及手术时机选择.方法 回顾性分析62例无骨折脱位型颈髓损伤患者的临床资料:非手术治疗12例,受伤1周内行手术治疗39例,受伤8～26 d行手术治疗11例;经随访比较治疗前后ASIA分级的变化.结果 经12～48个月随访,非手术治疗者症状改善比例为91.67%,1周内手术者症状改善比例为87.18%,1周后手术者症状改善比例为54.55%;经x2检验,3组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 1周内手术及非手术治疗疗效优于1周后手术,但非手术治疗需严格选择病例才能达到满意疗效.     

颈椎骨折合并急性颈髓损伤的手术时机探讨

目的：探讨颈椎骨折合并急性颈髓损伤的手术时机。 方法：回顾性分析2000年1月~2011年1月我科治疗的颈髓损伤患者42例,其中急诊手术组（≤24h）18例,延期手术组（>24h）24例,对比分析手术前后神经功能变化、术后并发症和住院时间等临床资料,并进行统计学分析。 结果：急诊手术组感觉和运动功能改善明显,并发症发生率、重症监护时间和住院时间均低于延期手术组。 结论：颈椎骨折合并急性颈髓损伤的急诊手术减压是可行的,对神经功能的恢复有积极作用,并减少围手术期并发症。     

Cardiac arrhythmias associated with spinal cord injury

Abstract

Context/Objectives

To review the current literature to reveal the incidence of cardiac arrhythmias and its relation to spinal cord injury (SCI).

Methods

Data source: MEDLINE database, 304 hits, and 32 articles were found to be relevant. The relevant articles all met the inclusion criteria: (1) contained original data (2) on cardiac arrhythmias (3) in humans with (4) traumatic SCI.

Results

In the acute phase of SCI (1–14 days after injury) more cranial as well as more severe injuries seemed to increase the incidence of bradycardia. Articles not covering the first 14 days after injury, thus describing the chronic phase of SCI, showed that individuals with SCI did not have a higher incidence of cardiac arrhythmias compared with able-bodied controls. Furthermore, their heart rate did not differ significantly. Penile vibro-stimulation was the procedure investigated most likely to cause bradycardia, which in turn was associated with episodes of autonomic dysreflexia. The incidence of bradycardia was found to be 17–77% for individuals with cervical SCI. For individuals with thoracolumbar SCI, the incidence was 0–13%.

Conclusion

Bradycardia was commonly seen in the acute stage after SCI as well as during procedures such as penile vibro-stimulation and tracheal suction. These episodes of bradycardia were seen more often in individuals with cervical injuries. Longitudinal studies with continuous electrocardiogram recordings are needed to uncover the true relation between cardiac arrhythmias and SCI.     

Alcohol use associated with cervical spinal cord injury

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether alcohol use at time of spinal cord injury (SCI) is more common with cervical injury than with lower levels of spinal injury. METHODS: Veterans and nonveterans with SCI were assessed at a Veteran's Affairs Medical Center from 1994 through 2002 and completed a health questionnaire that included information on alcohol use at time of traumatic injury. RESULTS: Of 362 men, 45% had neurologically complete or incomplete cervical injuries. Participants with cervical injury were more likely to have used alcohol when injured (62/162, 38%) compared with participants without cervical injury (45/200, 23%). Adjusting for age at injury and accident type, participants with cervical SCI had an increased relative odds of having used alcohol at injury compared with participants without cervical SCI (2.06, 95% confidence interval = 1.24-3.43). CONCLUSION: Alcohol use at time of SCI is a risk factor for cervical injury. This finding is of public health concern and should be included in alcohol educational programs.     

Nogo抗体治疗脊髓损伤的实验研究

目的探讨Nogo抗体应用于脊髓损伤动物模型中的疗效。方法压迫法制成Wistar大鼠T10脊髓损伤模型共40例，随机分为两组，实验组采用Nogo抗体治疗，对照组注入生理盐水。术后第1天及4、8、12周，对两组动物的双后肢进行躯体感觉诱发电位（somatosensory evoked potentials，SEP）和运动诱发电位（motor evoked potentials，MEP）检查，记录N1及D波潜伏期和波幅；术后第1天及2、4、6、8、10、12周对动物进行Basso Beatlie Bresnahan（BBB）运动功能评分。术后12周处死动物，取出脊髓组织，冷冻切片后进行HE染色和免疫组化染色，观察神经元中丝改变；神经纤维免疫荧光染色观察神经纤维再生情况，并测量染色阳性面积，综合评估脊髓损伤后功能恢复的程度。结果术后第1天及4、8、12周，实验组SEP-N1潜伏期分别为（38．51±0．70）ms、（37．54±0．47）ms、（35．43±0．30）ms、（34．88±0．27）ms，对照组为（38．76±0．33）ms、（38．55±0．49）ms、（36．61±0．38）ms、（36．06±0．20）ms，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。两组SEP-N1波幅及MEP-D潜伏期和波幅、BBB评分的差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。实验组神经纤维免疫荧光染色阳性面积高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05），实验组的疗效优于对照组。结论Nogo抗体治疗脊髓损伤能促进神经元的再生，恢复脊髓功能。Nogo抗体的获取比较方便，技术操作简便易行，为其真正应用于临床奠定良好的基础。     

细胞移植治疗脊髓损伤

细胞移植治疗脊髓损伤(spinalcord injury,SCI)是近年来研究热点,主要是通过细胞移植来促进变性神经元的再生和抑制胶质瘢痕形成,达到修复受损的神经通路和突触连接。细胞移植根据移植物的不同大体分为神经细胞和非神经细胞移植,移植物包括周围神经源性神经元、嗅鞘细胞、活化巨噬细胞、骨髓基质细胞、少突胶质细胞前体细胞、胚胎干细胞以及转基因细胞等。这些实验方法已经陆续开始应用于临床,给曾经被认为完全不可治愈的SCI带来了希望。1SCI的机制和治疗策略SCI一般分为两个阶段:①原发性损害:SCI早期,局部脊髓组织的挫伤导致细胞坏…     

A multilevel noncontiguous spinal fracture with cervical and thoracic spinal cord injury

Introduction and importanceA multi-level non-contiguous spinal fracture (MNSF) caused by a high-energy impact is a type of complex traumatic injury that is been frequently initially missed, and resulting in delayed diagnosis which adversely affects can result in spinal deformity and neurological deficit. This report describes the operative management of a patient with MNSF with spinal cord injury involving the cervical and thoracic vertebrae by cervical orthosis and posterior thoracic decompression and fusion.Case presentationAn 18-year-old male presented with extensive neck pain and paraplegia (ASIA A), following a motor vehicle accident. Radiographic imaging revealed MNSF: a non-displaced spinous process fracture of C5 (AO Spine subaxial cervical injury classification A0) with spinal cord injury combined with fracture-dislocation of T5 to T9 (AO Spine thoracolumbar injury classification C3). Posterior thoracic decompression and fusion was performed at T3 to T8. After the patient underwent the thoracic spine and cervical orthosis treatment, He received rehabilitation program and training transfer with wheelchair without caregiver. His sitting and balance were significantly improved at the 6 months follow-up. Although the lower extremity functions (ASIA A) may not improve due to the severe spinal cord injury.Clinical discussionMNSF with spinal cord injury following a high-velocity accident is an unstable and complex injury. Important of the clinical assessment and according to the injuries the treatment may vary.ConclusionsCervical orthosis was alternative treatment to preserve cervical motion treatment and posterior thoracic decompression with fixation is an effective option for patients in this MNSF with spinal cord injury.     

Adiponectin is associated with bone strength and fracture history in paralyzed men with spinal cord injury

Summary

We explored the association between adiponectin levels and bone strength in paralyzed men with spinal cord injury. We found that bone strength was inversely associated with circulating adiponectin levels. Thus, strength estimates and adiponectin levels may improve fracture risk prediction and detection of response to osteogenic therapies following spinal cord injury.

Purpose

Previous research has demonstrated an inverse relationship between circulating adiponectin and bone mineral density, suggesting that adiponectin may be used as a biomarker for bone health. However, this relationship may reflect indirect effects on bone metabolism via adipose-mediated mechanical pathways rather than the direct effects of adipokines on bone metabolism. Thus, we explored the association between circulating adiponectin levels and bone strength in 27 men with spinal cord injury.

Methods

Plasma adiponectin levels were quantified by ELISA assay. Axial stiffness and maximal load to fracture of the distal femur were quantified via finite element analysis using reconstructed 3D models of volumetric CT scans. We also collected information on timing, location, and cause of previous fractures.

Results

Axial stiffness and maximal load were inversely associated with circulating adiponectin levels (R ²?=?0.44, p?=?0.01; R ²?=?0.58, p?=?0.05) after adjusting for injury duration and lower extremity lean mass. In individuals with post-SCI osteoporotic fractures, distal femur stiffness (p?=?0.01) and maximal load (p?=?0.005) were lower, and adiponectin was higher (p?=?0.04) than those with no fracture history.

Conclusions

Based on these findings, strength estimates may improve fracture risk prediction and detection of response to osteogenic therapies following spinal cord injury. Furthermore, our findings suggest that circulating adiponectin may indeed be a feasible biomarker for bone health and osteoporotic fracture risk in paralyzed individuals with spinal cord injury.     

脊柱损伤并脊髓损伤患者的早期手术处理

本文以１９８９年３月～１９９０年１月收治陈旧性脊柱脊髓损伤患者５３例为甲组，本院早期治疗３２例为乙组。就其整复骨折脱位与内固定进行对比分析，以提高对早期手术康复的认识．作者强调对脊柱骨折脱位合并脊髓损伤患者，早期手术中过伸复位可达到复位完全，后弓角小于１０°，椎体张开达８０％以上这三项指标。脊髓减压，并给以短节段椎弓根螺丝内固定，以保持复位，早期进行康复．     

急性无骨折脱位型颈脊髓损伤的治疗与预后

我院自1996-2002年收治无骨折脱位颈脊髓损伤24例，全部手术治疗，术后恢复满意。     

地震伤致颈椎骨折伴脊髓损伤的现场护理救治与转运

目的 探讨地震伤致颈椎骨折伴脊髓损伤患者现场护理救治及安全转运方法,为提高抢救成功率提供借鉴.方法 对地震中被困16～55 h致颈椎骨折伴脊髓损伤的5例患者,紧急实施现场抢救、伤情评估、正确搬运、保持生命体征稳定和呼吸道通畅等,选择合适的时机及载体转运患者.结果 5例中4例现场抢救成功,安全送往医院,经综合治疗康复出院;1例因呼吸衰竭抢救无效死亡.结论 正确有效的现场护理救治及正确的转运,可有效提高地震中颈椎骨折伴脊髓损伤患者的救治成功率.     

GM-1治疗急性脊髓损伤

在外伤性急性脊髓损伤（ＳＣＩ）的治疗中,外科治疗的主要目的是通过减压等方法恢复脊髓的残存功能,稳定脊柱和限制脊髓的继发性损害,而对原发性脊髓损伤尚无有效的治疗方法。目前,急性脊髓损伤的药物治疗受到了重视〔１〕。单唾液酸四己糖神经节苷脂（Ｍｏｎｏｓｉａ...     

脊髓胸腰段迟发性损伤的治疗

目的探讨胸腰段脊髓迟发性损伤的治疗方式及疗效。方法 对伤后３个月－６年发生迟发性脊髓损伤１２例病人进行椎管造影和ＣＴ，ＭＲＩ检查，出现症状时用侧前方减压术治疗。结果 证实损伤原因来自前方的压迫。１１例完全恢复，１例恢复不明显。结论胸腰段脊髓迟发性损伤及时诊断，治疗可获满意的疗效。     

膀胱壁内注射A型肉毒毒素治疗脊髓损伤患者神经原性膀胱的初步临床观察

目的：观察膀胱壁内注射A型肉毒毒素治疗脊髓损伤患者神经原性膀胱的临床效果。方法：78例脊髓损伤后神经原性膀胱患者，男59例，女19例，平均年龄38．9岁。将300单位A型肉毒毒素溶解于15ml生理盐水，使用膀胱镜注射针分30个点注射于膀胱壁，0．5ml／点。治疗前后均记录患者排尿日记，并观察药物毒副作用。结果：78例患者经第1次治疗后平均尿失禁次数由13．5次／d降至2．7次／d、平均导尿量由131ml／次增至389ml／次，平均尿失禁量由1690ml／d降至281ml／d，起效的平均时间为7．6d。10例患者在第1次注射8,9个月后接受第2次注射，平均尿失禁次数由9．7次/d降至3．7次/d，平均导尿量由108ml／次增至387ml／次。6例患者在第2次注射后5．8个月接受第3次注射，平均尿失禁次数由9．2次／d降至3．9次／d，平均导尿量由116ml／次增至364ml／次。随访期间未观察到任何毒副作用。结论：经尿道膀胱壁内A型肉毒毒素注射是治疗脊髓损伤患者神经原性膀胱的有效、安全、可多次重复应用的微创方法。     

无脊髓神经损伤胸腰段椎体骨折脱位的临床治疗

目的探讨无脊髓神经损伤胸腰段椎体骨折脱位的治疗方法.方法 15例无脊髓神经损伤的胸腰段椎体骨折脱位患者中,12例为不稳定性行手术治疗,3例为稳定性行保守治疗.结果全部病例随访观察,神经症状均获得改善.结论稳定性的无脊髓神经损伤胸腰段椎体骨折脱位采用保守治疗,不稳定性的应选择手术治疗.     

46例胸腰椎骨折并脊髓损伤患者围手术期护理

目的探讨胸腰骨折并脊髓损伤护理效果。方法对我科在1997年5月～2009年10月收治46例胸腰椎骨折并脊髓损伤患者应用GSS(General Spine System)椎弓根内固定系统治疗,通过术前术后各项护理措施进行回顾性分析。结果所有病例均获随访,时间6～28个月,平均14个月,经X线照片或/和CT检查示固定的椎弓根钉位置良好。神经功能判定(Frankel法):C级1例,D级12例,E级33例。结论 GSS内固定系统能最大限度保留脊柱的活动度固定牢靠,创伤小,并发症少的特点。提高围手术期的各项护理质量对保证手术成功,促进患者全面恢复具有至关重要的意义。