作用于VEGF信号通路的血管生成抑制剂

分类介绍作用于血管内皮细胞生长因子信号通路的血管生成抑制剂研究近况以及该类药物存在的缺陷。血管生长促进因子和血管抑制因子的活性及其表达水平对肿瘤的发生和发展具有关键性的作用,所以,针对于血管生成,尤其是靶向于血管内皮细胞生长因子的药物已成为近年来抗肿瘤药物研究的热点之一。     

甲氧雌二醇抗肿瘤作用研究进展

目的:对甲氧雌二醇的抗癌作用机理及其应用进行综述.方法:查阅大量文献资料,分类总结.结果:甲氧雌二醇具有抗血管生成、抑制实体瘤生长并促进其凋亡等作用,对多发性骨髓瘤、肉瘤等多种肿瘤均有抗肿瘤活性.结论:甲氧雌二醇是小分子的血管生成抑制剂,具有抗血管生成和抗肿瘤作用,是有发展潜力的抗肿瘤药物.     

靶向血管生成的抗肿瘤海洋药物的研制策略

实体瘤的生长、发育以及转移都依赖于新生血管生成提供营养,阻断肿瘤的血管生成成为新型抗肿瘤药物研究的重要方向.针对血管生成的不同生物学过程发展新型的血管生成抑制剂为肿瘤的治疗形成了新的研究领域.迄今为止,多种以血管生成为靶点的抗肿瘤药物已经在国内外上市.海洋生物是新型药物的重要分子库,由海洋生物中发现的多种血管生成抑制剂显示了独特的分子结构与作用机制.现对发现的数种海洋来源的血管生成抑制剂的作用机制进行论述,提出了研发新型抗肿瘤药物的发展战略.     

血管内皮细胞生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂

血管生成是人体肿瘤生长和转移的必要条件，抑制肿瘤细胞介导的血管生成已成为近年来寻找新型抗肿瘤药物的一个主要研究方向，血管内皮细胞生长因子（VEGF）是体内活性最强，专属性最高的促血管生成因子，故成为寻找血管生成抑制剂的重要靶点，其中靶向VEGF受体酪氨酸激酶的抑制剂令人最为关注，本文综述VEGF及其受体酪氨酸酶抑制剂的研究进展，探讨了各类抑制剂的构效关系。     

天然抗肿瘤成分筛选的研究进展

天然产物是发现抗肿瘤药物的重要途径,建立天然抗肿瘤活性成分快速有效的筛选方法对研究抗肿瘤药物具有重要意义。本文从DNA拓扑异构酶、端粒酶、微管蛋白、肿瘤新生血管生成抑制和DNA G-四链体等方面综述了近年来天然抗肿瘤活性成分的筛选方法,为抗肿瘤药物的研究与开发提供参考。     

天然抗肿瘤成分筛选的研究进展

天然产物是发现抗肿瘤药物的重要途径,建立天然抗肿瘤活性成分快速有效的筛选方法对研究抗肿瘤药物具有重要意义.本文从DNA拓扑异构酶、端粒酶、微管蛋白、肿瘤新生血管生成抑制和DNA G-四链体等方面综述了近年来天然抗肿瘤活性成分的筛选方法,为抗肿瘤药物的研究与开发提供参考.     

中药抗肿瘤血管生成的研究进展

目的介绍抗肿瘤血管生成的中药研究进展。方法广泛查阅有关资料，综述具有抗肿瘤血管生成作用的单味中药、中药单体成分和中药复方的研究概况。结果目前已有多种中药的单体或复方制剂表现出良好的抗肿瘤血管生成，从而抑制生长与转移的作用。结论从中药中筛选抗具有肿瘤血管生成作用的活性成分或单体，将是未来抗肿瘤药物研发的重要方向之一.     

血管内皮生长因子受体及其小分子抑制剂的研究进展

目前抗血管生成治疗是抗肿瘤研究的热点.血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)是刺激血管生成的重要因子之一,血管内皮生长因子受体(VEGFR)在肿瘤新生血管中高表达,因此成为肿瘤靶向治疗的理想靶点.以VEGF、VEGFR为靶点的抗肿瘤药物除了常见的单克隆抗体药物阿伐斯汀外,小分子抑制剂舒尼替尼、索拉非尼等也已经广泛使用;另外,一些...     

抗肿瘤药物研究进展

综述和分析了抗肿瘤药物近年来的新进细胞毒性抗肿瘤药物、以细胞信号转导分子的抗肿瘤药物、新生血管生成抑制剂、肿瘤耐剂、内分泌治疗药等。     

血管生成抑制剂的研究进展

目的探讨血管生成抑制剂的作用靶点及其分类,对临床研究进展进行综述,尤其在肿瘤方面,为新药合成和发现提供参考。方法综述了近年来国内外相关报道,根据血管生成抑制剂的作用靶点进行分类,并对临床研究和作用机制进行讨论,重点强调了小分子酪氨酸激酶(protein-tyrosine kinases,PTK)抑制剂的分类和作用机制。结果血管生成抑制剂分为八大类,分别进行抗肿瘤治疗的讨论,并就其代表药物及开发上市状况进行概述,同时阐明血管生成抑制剂的其他应用。结论血管生成抑制剂与传统的化疗药物抑制肿瘤细胞相比,能够直接抑制血管生成,这将在抗肿瘤转移方面有广阔的前景。     

Targeting RGD recognizing integrins: drug development, biomaterial research, tumor imaging and targeting

Integrins constitute an important class of cell adhesion receptors responsible not only for cell-matrix adhesion but also for signaling bidirectionally across the membrane. Integrins are involved in many biological processes such as angiogenesis, thrombosis, inflammation, osteoporosis and cancer. Integrins thus play a key role in many severe human diseases. In this review we will describe recent research and development of RGD-containing integrin ligands for medical applications including drug design, radiolabeling, drug targeting, as well as biomaterial research. Many ligands have been developed for targeting the avb3 integrin in order to block angiogenesis or osteoporosis, but there are also other integrins like avb5 and a5b1 which become more and more interesting for similar purposes. aIIbb3 constitutes a potent target in thrombosis therapy; but the search for suitable ligands is still ongoing. We will reconstruct the drug development process for these integrin subtypes considering selected examples with focus on structure based design. Different structural requirements are pointed out concerning integrin activity and particularly the selectivity towards the distinct integrin types. Furthermore, we will show recent progress in tumor and thrombosis imaging based on radiolabeled RGD-containing ligands binding avb3 or aIIbb3, respectively. Additionally further advances in biomaterial research are presented. We describe the coating of different implant materials with various avb3 recognizing ligands for the purpose of increasing cell attachment and biocompatibility.     

Advances in the study of structural modifications and biological activities of betulinic acids

Betulinic acids are lupine-type pentacyclic triterpenoid saponins commonly found in some plants of Betulaceae family, especially in the bark of betula alba (birch). The potent anti-HIV and anti-tumor activities of betulinic acids have been greatly concerned. The natural betulinic acids include betulinic acid, 23-hydroxy betulinic acid, betulin and so on. Some investigations on the structural modifications of betulinic acids were carried out, and many derivatives with excellent biological activity have been obtained nowadays. In this paper, the research advances of the structural modification of betulinic acids, as well as their anti-HIV and anti-tumor activities are reviewed.     

1,3,4‐Thiadiazole and its Derivatives: A Review on Recent Progress in Biological Activities

The 1,3,4‐thiadiazole nucleus is one of the most important and well‐known heterocyclic nuclei, which is a common and integral feature of a variety of natural products and medicinal agents. Thiadiazole nucleus is present as a core structural component in an array of drug categories such as antimicrobial, anti‐inflammatory, analgesic, antiepileptic, antiviral, antineoplastic, and antitubercular agents. The broad and potent activity of thiadiazole and their derivatives has established them as pharmacologically significant scaffolds. In this study, an attempt has been made with recent research findings on this nucleus, to review the structural modifications on different thiadiazole derivatives for various pharmacological activities.     

CD36-TSP-HRGP interactions in the regulation of angiogenesis

Thrombospondin (TSP)-1 and -2 are potent inhibitors of angiogenesis in vivo and of microvascular endothelial cell responses to angiogenic factors in vitro. The anti-angiogenic activity of thrombospondins is contained in a structural domain known as the TSP type I repeat or TSR. TSR domains are present in many other proteins, several of which have also been shown to have anti-angiogenic activity and a peptide-mimetic drug based on the domain is in clinical trials as an anti-angiogenic anti-cancer therapy. We have identified CD36 as the endothelial cell receptor for TSP-1 and -2 and showed that it is necessary for their anti-angiogenic activity. CD36-mediated anti-angiogenic activity in endothelial cells is due to its ability to activate a specific signaling cascade that results in diversion of a pro-angiogenic response to an apoptotic response. Recently we identified a circulating protein, histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRGP), that contains a CD36 homology domain and that acts as a soluble decoy to block the anti-angiogenic activities of TSPs, thereby promoting angiogenesis. The tripartite interactions among CD36, TSR domains and HRGP in tissues may play an important role in regulating physiological and pathological angiogenesis.     

Kringle structures and antiangiogenesis

The quiescent vascular system in the adult body represents the balanced net outcome of overproduction of endogenous angiogenesis inhibitors and reduced levels of angiogenic factors. While these inhibitors are expressed under physiological conditions, they are also generated in association with tumor growth. Angiostatin is such a specific angiogenesis inhibitor produced by tumors. It inhibits primary and metastatic tumor growth by blocking tumor angiogenesis. Encouraged by its potent anti-tumor activity, angiostatin is in clinical trials for cancer therapy. Angiostatin contains the first four triple loop structures, known as kringle domains, of plasminogen. The disulfide bond-linked kringle architectures are essential for the antiangiogenic activity of angiostatin. Based on this initial finding, recent work shows that kringle fragments of several other proteins also inhibit angiogenesis. Thus, kringle domains may provide a structural basis for identification of novel angiogenesis inhibitors. Surprisingly, most kringles only inhibit angiogenesis when cleaved as fragments from their parental proteins that lack antiangiogenic activity. These findings suggest that they are cryptic fragments hidden in large protein molecules. Thus, proteolytic processing plays a critical role in down regulation of angiogenesis. The kringle structure may provide the first example of a conserved architecture that specifically inhibits blood vessel growth. This review will focus on the structural and functional relationships of kringle domains in regulation of angiogenesis and tumor growth.     

Development of heparanase inhibitors for anti-cancer therapy

Heparanase is an endo-beta-D-glucuronidase that degrades heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycan side chains of the proteoglycans in extracellular matrix and basement membrane. Heparanase enzymatic activity is important in the promotion of tumor angiogenesis, primary tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. Expression of heparanase in many tumor types conversely correlates with prognosis. Much progress has been made in studying the regulation of heparanase expression, processing and activation. The interaction between heparanase and its substrate heparan sulfate has been well characterized. The fact that heparanase was identified as the single predominant heparan sulfate-degrading enzyme in human cancer sparked considerable interest in developing heparanase inhibitors for potential therapeutic applications. Recent progress in drug development led to several classes of heparanase inhibitors, including chemically modified natural products, small molecule inhibitors, and antibodies. Some of these inhibitors have demonstrated potent activities to inhibit tumor angiogenesis, tumor progress, or tumor metastasis. A leading compound, PI-88, is currently being evaluated in clinical phase II trials in patients with melanoma, liver, or lung cancers. This review summarizes the recent progress in heparanase biochemical research and the development of heparanase antagonists as novel anti-cancer therapeutics.     

1,3,4-oxadiazole: a privileged structure in antiviral agents

1,3,4-oxadiazole, a privileged structure, endows its derivatives with broad and potent biological functions, especially in antiviral activities, including anti-HIV, anti-HCV, anti-HBV, anti-HSV activities, etc. Molecular modeling and pharmacokinetic studies have demonstrated that the introduction of 1,3,4-oxadiazole ring to the inhibitors can change their polarity, flexibility as well as metabolic stability, and 1,3,4-oxadiazole scaffold can also act as acceptors of hydrogen bonds formation, which make it possible to be used as a isosteric substituent for amide or ester groups. This review focuses on the recent advances in the synthesis of 1,3,4-oxadiazole ring and mainly the discovery, biological activities investigations and structural modifications of several distinct classes of 1,3,4-oxadiazoles as potent antiviral agents. In addition, the binding models of some representative 1,3,4-oxadiazoles were also discussed, which provide rational explanation for their interesting antiviral activities, and also pave the way for further optimization of 1,3,4- oxadiazole based antiviral agents.     

Effects of camptothecin on tumor cell proliferation and angiogenesis when coupled to a bombesin analog used as a targeted delivery vector

The camptothecin-bombesin conjugate termed DC-51-43, as a novel targeted drug delivery system, was examined in over 10 human tumor cell lines and shows a potent antiproliferative activity. This conjugate has also demonstrated its antitumor activity in our previous experiments. In our present study, we evaluate this conjugate for its antiangiogenic activity by in-vitro and in-vivo experiments. The camptothecin-bombesin conjugate and free camptothecin show potent in-vitro inhibitory activities of cell adhesion to various extracellular matrix components and integrins alphaVbeta3 and alphaVbeta5, not beta1/alphabeta1. This conjugate displays inhibitory activity to cell migration and invasion at concentrations of 10 micromol/l or above. This conjugate is also effective against in-vitro capillary-like tube formation of endothelial cells (at 40 micromol/l), and in-vivo angiogenesis as seen by blocking the spread of host mice endothelial cells into matrigel plugs. These experimental results support the fact that the camptothecin-bombesin conjugate has therapeutic activities against angiogenesis. By binding to bombesin receptor-expressing sites, this bombesin analog, consisting of 11 amino acids, is potentially a novel delivery vector for nonspecific cytotoxic agents.     

吴茱萸碱类衍生物的生物活性研究进展

吴茱萸碱是一类从传统中药吴茱萸中分离得到的咔啉喹唑啉酮类生物碱,具有抗肿瘤、抗炎、抗肥胖、抗阿尔茨海默病、抗菌、杀虫等作用.近年来,吴茱萸碱因其较低的细胞毒性、广泛的生物活性及优良的理化性质而成为药物研发领域的热点,尤其在抗肿瘤先导化合物的寻找研究中取得了较大的进展.本文将从生物活性、作用机制及抗肿瘤活性相关的衍生物设计合成等方面对吴茱萸碱的研究进展作一综述.     

天然产物汉黄芩素的研究进展

天然产物汉黄芩素(wogonin)具有广泛的生物活性,如抗氧化、抗炎、神经保护、抗肿瘤和抗病毒活性等,目前引起了国内外学者的广泛关注。本文综述了近年来国内外关于汉黄芩素的植物提取、人工合成、生物活性及其作用机制方面的研究进展。