化疗诱发异基因造血干细胞移植后急性T淋巴细胞白血病复发患者移植物抗宿主病及其Th17／Treg细胞动态观察

 【摘要】　目的　探讨化疗诱发异基因造血干细胞移植（allo-HSCT）后急性T淋巴细胞白血病（T-ALL）髓外复发患者发生移植物抗宿主病（GVHD）的临床特征及Th17／Treg细胞及相关细胞因子的动态变化。方法　以20名健康体检者为健康对照。1例诊断为T-ALL患者在2个疗程化疗后血液学完全缓解时,行同胞供者HLA配型全相合的allo-HSCT。移植后对患者进行随访,同时采用流式细胞术和酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）检测患者在供者细胞植入状态、疾病复发、GVHD各个时期外周血Th17／Treg细胞及相关因子的动态变化。结果　患者+27天获得完全供者嵌合体（FDC）,+34天造血功能完全恢复,+110天出现慢性GVHD（cGVHD）,+264天在cGVHD状态下髓外复发,Hyper-CVAD方案化疗后,+347天相继出现表现为口腔溃疡的cGVHD及伴有Ⅳ度肠道GVHD的重叠综合征。患者外周血中Th17细胞占CD+4 T细胞比例在发生重叠综合征时（1.70 %）较健康对照组[（0.56±0.35）%]有所增高,Treg细胞占CD+4 T细胞的比例在患者发生cGVHD时（4.66 %）较健康对照组[（0.59±0.33）%]及患者复发时（0.39 %）、造血干细胞植入时（1.15 %）高,发生重叠综合征时升高更加明显（7.83 %）,同时在复发时Th17／Treg比例＞1,而发生GVHD时Th17／Treg比例＜1。血清中白细胞介素-17A 在患者发生cGVHD时（6.11 pg／ml）及化疗后诱导重叠综合征时（6.81 pg／ml）均较健康对照组[（5.19±0.77）pg／ml]有所增高,TGF-β1浓度在患者移植后不同时期均较健康对照[（48.81±4.90）ng／ml]高。结论　化疗可诱发allo-HSCT术后复发的急性白血病患者发生GVHD;Th17／Treg细胞及相关细胞因子的失衡可能与疾病复发、GVHD的发生相关。     

化疗联合亲缘HLA不全相合造血干细胞输注治疗血液系统恶性疾病

 目的　明确化疗联合亲缘HLA不全相合造血干细胞输注治疗血液系统恶性疾病的疗效及安全性。 方法　9例血液系统恶性疾病患者化疗后36 h回输亲缘HLA不全相合造血干细胞,评价其疗效、造血恢复时间及并发症。结果　9例患者包括4例急性髓系白血病、1例急性B淋巴细胞白血病、2例多发性骨髓瘤、1例霍奇金淋巴瘤、1例弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤;年龄29～67岁;共接受治疗19例（次）,每个疗程平均回输单个核细胞计数（3.12±1.29）×108／kg,CD+34 细胞计数（1.71±1.00）×106／kg;CD+3 细胞计数（2.13±0.99）×108／kg。完全缓解4例,部分缓解1例,疾病进展4例。随访2～14个月,生存4例,死亡5例。9例患者输注亲缘HLA不全相合造血干细胞过程顺利,无病例检测到供者嵌合状态,未出现移植物抗宿主病。结论　化疗联合亲缘HLA不全相合造血干细胞输注治疗血液系统恶性疾病操作简单且经济,供者来源丰富且易获得,具有良好的安全性和耐受性。     

粒细胞集落刺激因子对供体造血干细胞移植物中树突状细胞的影响

 目的　探讨粒细胞集落刺激因子（G-CSF）对正常异基因造血干细胞移植供者外周血与骨髓移植物中I型树突状细胞（DC1）、Ⅱ型树突状细胞（DC2）的数量及DC2／DC1比例的影响。方法　以G-CSF 每天10 μg／kg动员5 d后,以流式细胞术（FCM）检测11例G-CSF动员的异基因外周血造血干细胞移植物及20例G-CSF动员的异基因骨髓移植物中的DC1、DC2数量及DC2／DC1比例,并与8例正常供者动员前外周血及10例健康者动员前骨髓进行比较。结果　动员前后骨髓DC2由14.37×106／L增至29.68×106／L（t＝2.433,P＝0.022）,而骨髓DC1分别为13.77×106／L和18.88×106／L（t＝0.625,P＝0.541）;DC2／DC1比例在动员后为1.83±0.81,较动员前的1.12±0.32明显升高（t＝2.685,P＝0.013）。正常供者以G-CSF动员前、后移植物中外周血 DC2数量分别为14.92×106／L和26.76×106／L（t＝2.390,P＝0.029）,DC2／DC1比例分别为1.00±0.37和2.02±1.43（t＝2.158,P＝0.044）,但外周血DC1分别为14.21×106／L和18.02×106／L（t＝0.625,P＝0.541）。结论　移植前以 G-CSF动员正常异基因干细胞移植供者,可选择性提高外周血及骨髓移植物中DC2的数量,而DC1数量无明显增加。     

自体和供者外周血干细胞动员效果观察

 目的 探讨自体和供者外周血造血干细胞动员的方法及其效果。方法 自体干细胞移植者,采用化疗加G-CSF方案动员,WBC降至最低点又回升至2×109／L以上时,开始皮下注射G-CSF 5 μg·kg-1·d-1到采集结束前1天,采集日予地塞米松（DEX）10 mg／d。当WBC上升到>10×109／L时,用CS 3000 plus或MCS +血细胞分离机采集外周血干细胞,连续采集2 d。6名供者予G-CSF 10 μg·kg-1·d-1皮下注射共6 d,动员第5,6天采集外周血干细胞,采集当天清晨给予DEX 10 mg静脉滴注。结果 自体和供者均连续采集2次,采集单个核细胞（MNC）数分别为（3.72±2.17）×108／kg 和（6.07±1.64）×108／kg ,CD+34细胞总数分别为（6.22±2.38）×106／kg和（13.33±1.72）×106／kg。均无严重不良反应。结论 化疗联合G-CSF方案动员自体外周血干细胞和单用G-CSF进行供者干细胞动员是一种简便、经济、高效、低毒的方法。     

供者外周血干细胞动员采集198例临床分析

 目的　研究外周血造血干细胞移植（PBSCT）供者外周血干细胞动员采集的方法及其效果。方法　198名健康供者每天皮下注射重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子（rhG-CSF）（5～10）μg／kg进行外周血干细胞动员,第5天开始采集。采用血细胞分析仪行单个核细胞（MNC）计数,流式细胞术（FCM）行CD+34 细胞计数。分析供者性别、身高、年龄、采集当天外周血白细胞（WBC）计数对动员采集效果的影响。结果　所有供者均成功动员采集,采集当天的MNC计数平均为（4.19±1.96）×108／kg,CD+34 细胞计数平均为（2.98±1.40）×106／kg;MNC和CD+34细胞计数与供者性别、身高、年龄无关;采集当天外周血WBC计数与MNC、CD+34 细胞计数呈正相关（r＝0.9201,P＝0.0035;r＝0.8420,P＝0.0149）;采集当天外周血WBC计数≥20.0×109／L的供者比＜20.0×109／L的供者采集效果更显著（F＝4.688,P＝0.0013;F＝4.622,P＝0.0006）。结论　rhG-CSF动员的健康供者采集当天外周血WBC计数是一项预测CD+34细胞采集数量的简单、可行的指标。     

异基因造血干细胞移植治疗恶性血液病20例临床疗效观察

 【摘要】　目的　探讨异基因造血干细胞移植（allo-HSCT）治疗恶性血液病的疗效,观察造血重建、移植物抗宿主病（GVHD）发生、移植相关并发症及疾病的转归。方法　回顾性分析allo-HSCT治疗恶性血液病患者20例,男15例,女5例,中位年龄39岁（8～59岁）。供者于移植前3 d采用重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子（rhG-CSF）行干细胞动员;预处理方案：人类白细胞抗原（HLA）亲缘全相合移植患者采用改良Bu／Cy方案;HLA亲缘不全相合者采用改良Bu／Cy+ATG方案;急性T淋巴细胞白血病（T-ALL）和多发性骨髓瘤（MM）患者采用Flu+Bu／Cy方案。GVHD预防方案：麦考酚酸酯+环孢素+短疗程甲氨蝶呤。结果　20例患者均成功获得造血重建,中性粒细胞计数＞0.5×109／L的中位时间为13 d（12～17 d）,血小板＞20×109／L的中位时间为16 d（12～23 d）,且供者CD+34 细胞采集量＞2.5×106／kg（受者体质量）或单个核细胞采集量＞5.0×108／kg（受者体质量）所移植的患者造血重建较快。12例供受者血型不合,移植后未出现严重溶血反应;11例（55 %）发生急性GVHD（aGVHD）,包括Ⅰ度4例,Ⅱ度4例,Ⅲ度2例,Ⅳ度1例,均经治疗后好转。移植后所有患者均达到完全缓解（CR）,中位随访6个月（2～14个月）,1例白血病患者移植后5个月复发死亡,1例移植后4个月因自行停用环孢素发生自身免疫性溶血、慢性GVHD（cGVHD）、多器官衰竭死亡,其余患者仍处于CR状态。结论　allo-HSCT是治疗恶性血液病的有效方法。造血重建与采集物中造血干细胞的数量密切相关。ABO血型不合不是移植的障碍。复发、GVHD、感染是移植后死亡的重要原因。     

低剂量粒细胞集落刺激因子动员健康供者造血干细胞的研究

 目的　探讨低剂量（5 μg·kg-1·d-1）粒细胞集落刺激因子（G-CSF）对健康供者CD+34细胞动员的效果及造血干细胞最佳采集时间。方法　对2006年2月至2009年4月108例健康供者给予G-CSF 5 μg·kg-1·d-1,在动员后的第4天至第6天收集标本,检测相应时间点的外周血白细胞（WBC）计数、采集物单个核细胞（MNC）计数、采集物中CD+34细胞的比例、粒-巨噬细胞集落形成单位（CFU-GM）培养。结果　动员后采集物中第4天至第6天CD+34细胞比例分别为（0.71±0.08）%、（1.09±0.09）%、（0.57±0.08）%,第4天至第6天CFU-GM产率分别为：（93.33±44.51）／105 MNC、（124.61±57.85）／105 MNC和（80.25±49.24）／105 MNC。CD+34细胞比例和CFU-GM产率均在第5天达到峰值（P＜0.05）,第4天次之（P＜0.05）,第6天再次之（P＜0.05）。动员后采集物中第4天至第6天CD+34细胞量分别为（3.33±1.36）×106／kg、（4.14±1.67）×106／kg、（2.79±1.47）×106／kg,第5天达到峰值（P＜0.05）,第4天次之（P＜0.05）,第6天再次之（P＜0.05）。108例供者采集2次（第4天、第5天）均可满足移植标准。所有供者均无严重不良反应发生。结论　单一低剂量G-CSF能够有效动员健康供者造血干细胞。动员后于第4、第5天行干细胞采集优于第5、第6天。     

急性淋巴细胞白血病异基因造血干细胞移植后合并急性大疱剥脱性Ⅳ度皮肤移植物抗宿主病一例并文献复习

 【摘要】　目的　探讨急性淋巴细胞白血病异基因造血干细胞移植（allo-HSCT）后合并急性大疱剥脱性Ⅳ度皮肤移植物抗宿主病（GVHD）的临床治疗效果。方法　1例急性淋巴细胞白血病患者行allo-HSCT,预处理方案为TBI+Cy,回输HLA相合同胞供者外周血造血干细胞。应用环孢素A（CsA）、短程甲氨蝶呤（MTX）预防GVHD。结果　患者移植后+15天造血重建,+32天诊断为急性大疱剥脱性Ⅳ度皮肤GVHD,给予无菌环境保护、加强局部皮肤护理,应用甲泼尼龙（MP）+MTX联合CsA控制GVHD,未发生皮肤感染。结论　急性淋巴细胞白血病allo-HSCT后合并急性大疱剥脱性Ⅳ度皮肤GVHD临床少见,发展迅速,早期联合用药及局部预防感染等可取得满意疗效。     

急性髓系白血病患者异基因骨髓移植后复发行同一供者二次移植一例

 目的　探索血缘HLA全相合骨髓造血干细胞移植（HSCT）后复发病例进行同一供者外周血造血干细胞二次移植（HSCT2）的可行性。方法　1例急性髓系白血病（M4）患者接受血缘HLA全相合供者骨髓移植后18个月复发,染色体检查提示为受者复发型。给予CY-TBI预处理后输注同一供者外周血HSCT2,同时降低预防移植物抗宿主病（GVHD）强度。结果　患者HSCT2后获得稳定植入,患者并发急性GVHD（肠道Ⅳ级,皮肤Ⅲ级）,完全缓解至+8月。结论　对于血缘造血干细胞供者移植后复发的患者,HSCT2同一供者HSCT是可行的。     

马利兰+氟达拉滨预处理异基因造血干细胞移植治疗白血病的临床研究

目的:探讨马利兰+氟达拉滨（Bu/Flu）预处理方案异基因造血干细胞移植治疗白血病的临床疗效。方法:30例患者中,急性淋巴细胞白血病（ALL)12例,急性髓系白血病（AML）12例,其中1例为MDS转化,慢性粒细胞白血病（CML）6例;其中急性白血病未缓解或复发状态下移植6例,CML加速期患者1例。供者干细胞为G-CSF动员后采集的HLA配型全相合或一个位点不合的同胞（21例）或非血缘（9例）外周血造血干细胞,有1例成人ALL患者接受HLA配型相合的双份脐带血移植。预处理方案包括:注射用马利兰3.2mg/(kg·d)×3-4d,氟达拉滨30mg/(m2·d)×4-6d,同胞不全相合和非血缘移植患者加用兔抗人胸腺细胞免疫球蛋白（ATG）2.5mg/(kg·d)×3d。输注外周血单个核细胞数7.73（0.36-16.0）×108/kg,CD34+造血干细胞数3.26（0.77-17.6）×106/kg。用环孢素+短疗程甲氨喋呤或环孢素+吗替麦考酚酯预防移植物抗宿主病（GVHD）。采用DNA短串联重复序列多态性（STR）分析方法鉴定供者干细胞植入情况。结果:29例患者重建造血,检测外周血白细胞STR-DNA证实均为100%完全供者植入,1例非血缘全相合患者未植入于短期内死亡外,其余患者为完全供者型,植入率为96.7%。血缘相关HSCT和非血缘相关HSCT白细胞植活的中位时间分别为11（8-17）d和13(9-15)d;血小板植活的中位时间分别为13（7-22）d和14(8-25)d。出现急性GVHD 14例,占46.7%,其中I-II度10例（33.3%）,III-IV度者4例（13.3%）;6例发生慢性局限性GVHD,发生率为20.0%。随访1-66个月（中位时间20个月）,总体生存率（OS）为63.3%,无事件生存率（DFS）为51.7%。结论:Bu/Flu预处理方案移植治疗白血病相关并发症轻,有很好耐受性和较好疗效,是值得推广应用的预处理方案。     

Higher doses of CD34+ peripheral blood stem cells are associated with increased mortality from chronic graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic HLA-identical sibling transplantation.

Allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) has emerged as an alternative to bone marrow transplantation. PBSCT can be associated with a higher incidence of chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD). In this study, we investigated whether there was a correlation between the composition of PBSC grafts (CD34+ and CD3+ cells) and hematological recovery, GVHD, relapse, and relapse-free survival (RFS) after myeloablative HLA-identical sibling PBSCT. The evolution of 100 acute or chronic leukemia patients was analyzed. Neither hematological recovery, acute or cGVHD, nor relapse, was significantly associated with CD3+ cell dose. Increasing CD34+ stem cells was associated with faster neutrophil (P=0.03) and platelet (P=0.007) recovery. Moreover, 47 of the 78 patients evaluable for cGVHD (60%; 95% CI, 49-71%) developed extensive cGVHD. The probability of extensive cGVHD at 4 years was 34% (95% CI, 21-47%) in patients receiving a 'low' CD34+ cell dose (<8.3 x 10(6)/kg), as compared to 62% (95% CI, 48-76%) in patients receiving a 'high' CD34+ cell dose (>8.3 x 10(6)/kg) (P=0.01). At a median follow-up of 59 months, this has not translated into a difference in relapse. In patients evaluable for cGVHD, RFS was significantly higher in patients receiving a 'low' CD34+ cell dose as compared to those receiving a 'high' CD34+ cell dose (P=0.04). This difference was mainly because of a significantly higher cGVHD-associated mortality (P=0.01). Efforts to accelerate engraftment by increasing CD34+ cell dose must be counterbalanced with the risk of detrimental cGVHD.     

Allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell and bone marrow transplantation for hematologic malignancies: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Peripheral blood stem cells have emerged as an alternative to bone marrow for allogeneic transplantation. To elucidate the advantages and disadvantages of research evidence related to the effects of allogeneic peripheral blood stem cells transplantation (PBSCT) and bone marrow transplantation (BMT) for hematological malignancies, we conducted a systematic review of the literature of randomized controlled trials comparing PBSCT to BMT. We systematically searched Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE and CNKI up to May 2011. Two reviewers independently identified the eligible studies and assessed the methodological quality of included trials. The relevant data were extracted and analysed using RevMan 5.1. Ten trials totaling 1224 patients have been assessed. Pooled comparisons of studies of PBSCT and BMT found that the overall survival in PBSCT group was non-significantly different from that in BMT group [RR 0.92, 95% CI (0.80-1.07)]. The disease-free survival and relapse rate in PBSCT group were significantly different from that in BMT group [RR 0.67, 95% CI (0.52-0.86) and RR 0.51, 95% CI (0.34-0.76), respectively]. The number of days to reach the absolute neutrophil and platelet count were shorter with PBSCT. The rates of acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in PBSCT group were significantly higher than that in the BMT group. The mortality in PBSCT group was non-significantly different from that in BMT group. We concluded that PBSCT was associated with a similar overall survival and mortality, improved disease-free survival and a decrease in relapse, faster engraftment, more GVHD when compared with BMT in transplantation for hematologic malignancies.     

Possible clinical benefits of the use of peripheral blood stem cells over bone marrow in the allogeneic transplantation setting for the treatment of childhood leukemia

BACKGROUND: The benefits of allogeneic peripheral blood stem/progenitor cell transplantation (PBSCT) over bone marrow transplantation (BMT), if any, have not been seriously evaluated in a pediatric population. We report here our experience with this procedure and demonstrate rapid engraftment to reduce procedure-related complications and enhanced allogeneic immune reaction to reduce leukemic relapse. METHODS: The feasibility of PBSCT was reviewed retrospectively. Four patients (2 AML and 2 ALL, aged 8-18 years) underwent allogeneic PBSCT for relapsed leukemia after primary allogeneic BMT (n = 2), for active hepatosplenic fungal abscess (n = 1) or for refractory relapse with conventional chemotherapy (n = 1). Four healthy donors (aged 10-49 years) received granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) 10 microg/kg/day by subcutaneous injection for 5 days. An individualized cytoreductive regimen was used before transplantation. RESULTS: No significant toxicities were observed in normal donors on G-CSF treatment or at collection of PBSC. After PBSCT, no significant acute toxicities were observed and the median duration to an absolute granulocyte count of 0.5 x 10(9)/l and a platelet count of 20 x 10(9)/l was 16 and 21 days, respectively. Although none of our patients developed acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), two developed chronic GVHD involving the liver and skin. Among those who developed chronic GVHD, one died of recurrent disease and another died of pneumonia 235 days after PBSCT. The two remaining patients have been alive without evidence of disease with follow-ups of 193 and 123 days, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Allogeneic PBSCT can be a safe procedure in a pediatric population with fewer acute complications, although the potential risk of G-CSF treatment in normal donors should be seriously weighed against the existing risks of marrow aspiration under general anesthesia. The risk of chronic GVHD may need to be balanced against a possible graft-versus-leukemia benefit in patients at higher risk of leukemic relapse.     

外周血造血干细胞移植治疗恶性血液病53例

背景与目的:造血干细胞移植使恶性血液病的预后得到很大的改观,外周血造血干细胞移植(transplantation of peripheral blood stem cells,PBSCT)逐渐取代了骨髓移植(bone marrow transplantation,BMT)而成为造血干细胞移植的主要方式.本研究观察了自体或异基因外周血造血干细胞移植对53例恶性血液病患者的治疗效果.方法:53例恶性血液病患者于2003年7月～2006年5月在郑州大学第一附属医院血液科接受PBSCT治疗,中位年龄37岁.采用G-CSF或化疗联合G-CSF动员外周血干细胞.自体移植患者接受CD34 细胞的中位数为3.0×106/kg,异基因移植患者接受CD34 细胞的中位数为6.2×106/kg;自体移植采用MAC预处理方案,异基因移植采用改良的Bu/Cy预处理方案;移植物抗宿主病(graft versus host disease,GVHD)的预防采用MTX、环孢菌素A联合骁悉,1例1个点不合患者加用抗淋巴细胞球蛋白.结果:移植后中性粒细胞≥0.5×109/L、血小板≥20×109/L的天数在自体移植中分别为13天和19天,在异基因移植中分别为12天和15天;异基因移植中Ⅰ～Ⅲ度急性GVHD(aGVHD)的发生率为31.4%,慢性GVHD(cGVHD)的发生率为71.4%,复发率在自体移植和异基因移植患者中分别为38.9%和5.7%,700天无病生存率在自体移植和异基因移植患者中分别为57.9%和69.5%.结论:自体和异基因外周血造血干细胞移植均能很快地重建造血,是治疗恶性血液病的重要手段之一.     

异基因外周血和骨髓干细胞联合移植治疗白血病的初步研究

 目的 探讨异基因造血干细胞移植治疗白血病的新方法。方法 23例白血病患者,HLA 配型全相合9例,1～3个位点不相合14例,采用粒细胞集落刺激因子（G-CSF）动员的骨髓和外周血干细胞联合移植,采用环孢素A（CsA）和霉酚酸酯（MMF）及短程甲氨蝶呤（MTX）方案预防移植物抗宿主病（GVHD）。结果 1例植入失败,22例完全植入,HLA全相合受者未发生急性GVHD,13例HLA不全相合受者中Ⅱ～ Ⅳ度急性GVHD发生率46.2 %。20例可评估的患者中,慢性 GVHD 13例,广泛型5例,累积发生率65 %。随访6至32个月,预期一年生存率86.6 %。结论 骨髓和外周血联合移植对HLA配型全相合和部分相合患者是安全、有效的移植方法。     

Acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic peripheral-blood stem-cell and bone marrow transplantation: a meta-analysis.

PURPOSE: Controversy exists as to whether the incidence of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is increased after peripheral-blood stem-cell transplantation (PBSCT) when compared with bone marrow transplantation (BMT). We performed a meta-analysis of all trials comparing the incidence of acute and chronic GVHD after PBSCT and BMT reported as of June, 2000. Secondary analyses examined relapse rates after the two procedures. METHODS: An extensive MEDLINE search of the literature was undertaken. Primary authors were contacted for clarification and completion of missing information. A review of cited references was also undertaken. Sixteen studies (five randomized controlled trials and 11 cohort studies) were included in this analysis. Data was extracted by two pairs of reviewers and analyzed for the outcomes of interest. Meta-analyses, regression analyses, and assessments of publication bias were performed. RESULTS: Using a random effects model, the pooled relative risk (RR) for acute GVHD after PBSCT was 1.16 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04 to 1.28; P=.006) when compared with traditional BMT. The pooled RR for chronic GVHD after PBSCT was 1.53 (95% CI, 1.25 to 1.88; P <.001) when compared with BMT. The RR of developing clinically extensive chronic GVHD was 1.66 (95% CI, 1.35 to 2.05; P <.001). The excess risk of chronic GVHD was explained by differences in the T-cell dose delivered with the graft in a meta-regression model that did not reach statistical significance. There was a trend towards a decrease in the rate of relapse after PBSCT (RR = 0.81; 95% CI, 0.62 to 1.05). CONCLUSION: Both acute and chronic GVHD are more common after PBSCT than BMT, and this may be associated with lower rates of malignant relapse. The magnitude of the transfused T-cell load may explain the differences in chronic GVHD risk.     

异基因造血干细胞移植治疗血液肿瘤5例

目的；探讨基因造血干细胞移植对血液肿瘤的疗效。方法：采用异基因造血干细胞移植治疗血液肿瘤５例，包括２例第一次完全缓解（ＣＲ１）急性粒细胞白血病，１例ＣＲ１急性淋巴细胞白血病，１例急性粒细胞白血产现任昨发和１例非霍奇金氏淋巴瘤Ⅳ期ＣＲ１。其中异基因骨髓移植４例，异基因外周血造血干细胞移植１例。所有病例均采用ＴＢＩ＋ＣＹ＋ＣＣＮＵ作预处理。结果：所有病例均移植成功。２例发生急性移植抗宿主病，２例发生慢     

Treatment with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for acute leukemia increases the risk of graft-versus-host disease and death: a study from the Acute Leukemia Working Party of the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation.

PURPOSE: Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is given after bone marrow transplantation (BMT) to shorten the neutropenic phase. Its effects have not been evaluated in a large patient population. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We studied 1,789 patients with acute leukemia receiving BMT and 434 patients receiving peripheral-blood stem cells (PBSCs) from HLA-identical siblings from 1992 to 2002 and reported the findings to the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation. Among the BMT and PBSC patients, 501 (28%) and 175 (40%), respectively, were treated with G-CSF during the first 14 days after the transplantation. The outcome variables were entered into a Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS: BMT and PBSC patients treated with G-CSF had a faster engraftment of absolute neutrophils greater than 0.5 x 10(9)/L (P <.01), but platelet engraftment ( > 50 x 10(9)/L) was slower (P <.001). In the BMT patients, acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) grades II to IV was 50% +/- 5% (+/- 95% CI) in the G-CSF group versus 39% +/- 3% in the controls (relative risk [RR], 1.33; P =.007, in the multivariate analysis). The incidence of chronic GVHD was also increased (RR, 1.29; P =.03). G-CSF was associated with an increase in transplantation-related mortality (TRM; RR, 1.73; P =.00016) and had no effect on relapse but reduced survival (RR, 0.59; P <.0001) and leukemia-free survival rates (LFS; RR, 0.64; P =.0003). No such effects of G-CSF were seen in patients receiving PBSC. CONCLUSION: After BMT, platelet engraftment was delayed, and GVHD and TRM were increased. Survival and LFS were reduced. This suggests that G-CSF should not be given shortly after BMT.     

HLA相合同胞供者异基因造血干细胞移植治疗慢性粒细胞白血病的疗效及预后因素分析

目的探讨HLA相合同胞供者异基因造血干细胞移植（allo-HSCT）治疗慢性粒细胞白血病（CML）的疗效及预后因素。方法35例CML患者,11例行HIA相合同胞供者异基因骨髓移植（allo-BMT）,24例行异基因外周血干细胞移植（allo-PBSCT）。全身照射（TBI）＋环磷酰胺（CY）方案预处理8例,白消安（BU）＋CY方案预处理27例。结果造血重建34例（97．1％）,3年无病生存率（DFS）为60．0％,5年累积生存率为57．1％。复发2例,移植相关死亡12例。并发症包括出血性膀胱炎（HC）5例,肝静脉闭塞病（HVOD）1例,急性移植物抗宿主病（GVHD）18例,慢性GVHD 17例。单因素分析显示,年龄≤30岁、慢性期移植、Ⅰ和Ⅱ度急性GVHD患者3年DFS分别高于年龄〉30岁、加速期移植及Ⅲ和Ⅳ度急性GVHD患者。多因素Cox回归分析结果表明,年龄、疾病状态、急性GVHD的严重程度是allo-HSCT患者长期生存的独立影响因素。结论年龄≤30岁、慢性期、轻度GVHD的CML患者行allo-HSCT治疗,可获得较高的长期生存率。     

Avascular necrosis in long-term survivors after allogeneic or autologous stem cell transplantation: a single center experience and a review

BACKGROUND: The most debilitating skeletal complication of stem cell transplantation (SCT) is avascular necrosis (AVN). METHODS: Two hundred seven consecutive patients were evaluated prospectively for AVN. They survived disease free for more than 180 days after autologous or allogeneic SCT for hematologic malignancies. The diagnosis of AVN in suspicious cases was confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging. Possible correlations with treatments, bone mineral density (BMD), graft versus host disease (GVHD), and in vitro growth of fibroblast progenitors were investigated. Bone mineral density was evaluated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in 100 transplanted patients, and the in vitro growth of fibroblast progenitors was monitored by a fibroblast colony-forming unit (CFU-F) assay in 30 patients after allogeneic SCT. RESULTS: Twelve patients developed AVN 3-114 months (median, 26 months) following SCT: 10 (10%) after allogeneic SCT and 2 (1.9%) after autologous SCT (P = 0.04). Twenty-five joints were affected by AVN. All patients had femoral head involvement, which was managed with hip replacement in six of them. All but one patient who developed AVN after allogeneic SCT suffered from chronic GVHD (cGVHD). Avascular necrosis occurred 1-4 months after exacerbation or progression of cGVHD. Cumulative dose of steroids was similar in both SCT groups (including steroids given pretransplant for the basic disease), whereas treatment duration was significantly longer in the allogeneic SCT group. Avascular necrosis was related to the decreased number of bone marrow CFU-F colonies in vitro, but not to BMD values. CONCLUSIONS: Avascular necrosis is a skeletal complication that occurs more often after allogeneic than after autologous SCT. Occurrence of AVN symptoms after clinical follow-up of cGVHD suggests that cGVHD requiring long-term steroid therapy is one of the main risk factors for AVN. Avascular necrosis may be facilitated by a severe deficit in the repopulating capacity of bone marrow stromal stem cells after SCT.