心腔内单极电图在右侧游离壁显性旁路射频消融术中应用

应用导管法射频消融根治房室折返性心动过速已有很高的成功率。而相对于左侧旁路。右侧旁路消融的成功率相对偏低,标测消融靶点是主要难点,应用心腔内单极电图可以补充双极电图不足．迅速、直观地确定有效消融靶点。自2003年我院应用心腔内单极电图指导下消融右侧游离壁显性旁路15例取得了很好的疗效,结果报道如下。     

局部单极电图在房室结折返性心动过速射频消融术中的应用

目的探讨在特殊情况下,单极电图能否代替双极电图运用于房室结折返性心动过速射频消融术中弥补体表心电图中的不足。方法将冠状窦、希氏束及大头消融电极与胸导联相连,记录局部单极电图,运用于５例病人,观察心动过速、射频消融过程中心房波、心室波的关系,并与２０例房室结折返性心动过速病人双极记录的特征相比较。结果（１）心动过速均显示出逆Ａ呈向心性分布的特征（１００％ｖｓ１００％,Ｐ＞０．０５）;（２）消融过程中单极电图可清楚显示交界心律时的传导情况（１００％ｖｓ１００％,Ｐ＞０．０５）。结论在特殊情况下,使用局部单极电图可代替双极记录,弥补体表心电图在诊断房室结双径路以及射频消融术中的不足,避免完全性房室传导阻滞的发生。     

冷冻消融治疗房室结折返性心动过速的应用

房室结折返性心动过速,是目前最为常见的使用导管消融治疗的室上性心动过速,虽然目前射频消融术治疗房室结折返性心动过速具有很高的成功率,但是也伴有房室传导阻滞的风险。而冷冻消融技术作为近十年来在经皮导管消融治疗心律失常领域兴起的一项新兴技术,则与传统的射频消融术不同,它在对靶点进行消融形成永久性损伤之前,便可在进行冷冻标测时对消融靶点进行功能性的评价,确保消融的电生理安全性,避免了术后房室传导阻滞的风险,弥补了射频消融术的不足。现对应用冷冻消融治疗房室结折返性心动过速进行综述。     

射频消融术治疗房室折返性心动过速

目的 报告射频消融术治疗房室折返性心动过速的经验.方法 回顾性分析经心内电生理检查,明确诊断为房室折返性心动过速275例患者接受射频消融术的临床资料.结果 房室折返性心动过速275例,其中左侧旁路168条,右侧旁路113条.消融总成功率为99.2%.结论 射频消融术是治疗房室折返性心动过速的安全有效手段.     

能量滴定法在慢径改良术中预防房室传导阻滞的作用研究

目的探讨“能量滴定法”在射频消融治疗房室结折返性心动过速术中对房室传导阻滞的预防作用。方法收集经射频消融术治疗的房室结折返性心动过速865例;消融过程采用“下位法+能量滴定法”。结果治疗成功率98.9%,复发率为2.08%,10例患者出现I°房室传导阻滞,无III°房室传导阻滞发生。靶点数≥5.0、有效靶点/总靶点<70%和累计消融能量(W*S)≥2300的患者房室传导阻滞的发生率明显增高(P<0.05),而复发率则无明显差异。结论射频消融术治疗房室结折返性心动过速减少累计消融能量、控制总靶点数和提高靶点有效率能有效减少房室传导阻滞的发生。     

射频消融术治疗心动过速前无创性检测的诊断价值

目的探讨射频消融术（RR、A）治疗心动过速术前无创性检测的诊断价值。方法分析97例心动过速患者术前行无创性检查分型诊断。结果97例患者中AVNRT25例,AVRT60例,房室结多径路2例,旁路并房室结多径路2例,LVVT7例,AF1例,手术前后诊断符合率这95％,RFCA总成功率这98％。结论RFCA术前采用无创性方法能够确定心动过速的类型、折返机制、旁路定位、具有简便、易行、安全、准确可靠的优点。     

射频消融术治疗阵发性室上性心动过速

目的 总结12例射频消融术(RFCA)治疗室上性心动过速(SVT)临床资料。方法 用RFCA技术治疗难治性SVT。结果 房室折返性心动过速9例，共10条旁道皆消融成功，成功率100％，房室结折返性心动过速(AVNT)3例，成功率100％，本组无1例严重并发症，随访2个月—10个月，无1例复发。结论 RFCA为治疗SVT安全有效方法，有条件基层医院可以开展此项技术。     

射频消融治疗儿童室上性心动过速

目的 :探讨射频消融 （RFCA）在治疗儿童室上性心动过速 （SVT）中的应用价值。方法 :回顾分析唐都院近 5年接受 RFCA治疗的 4 9例患儿的疗效。结果 :房室折返性心动过速 （AVRT） 38例 ,占 77.6 % ;其中左侧房室旁路2 9例 ,右侧房室旁路 9例 ,房室结折返性心动过速 （AVNRT） 11例 ,占 2 2 .4 %。全部消融成功。术后无 1例复发 ,亦无严重并发症。结论 ;AVRT和 AVNRT是儿童 SVT中最常见类型 ;RFCA是治疗儿童 SVT安全、有效的方法     

温度控制系统在射频消融治疗室上性心动过速的应用

本文介绍应用新型的自动温度控制射频消融系统的临床应用体会。一、病人和方法32例室上性心动过速（SVT）患者，男18例，女14例，平均年龄31．6岁。16例应用温度控制RF系统，SVT类型如下，左侧旁路折返性心动过速7例，其中5例为隐匿性旁路，2例为显性分路；右侧分路折返性心动过速4例，均为显性旁路；另外5例为房室结折返性心动过速。另16例患者采用普通的能量输出控制RF方式作为对照，其中6例为左侧旁路，5例为右侧旁路，房室结折返性心动过速5例。射频消融仪采用MedtronicATAKR自动温度控制系统，此系统可自动调节输出功率（0．5～…     

射频消融治疗快速心律失常54例次报告

本文报告用射频消融术治疗快速心律失常53例病人共54例次消融结果。总成功率96.3％。其中房室旁路伴房室折返性心动过速32例（32次），房室结双径路伴房室结折返性心动过速17例（18次），均无器质性心脏病，定性早搏3例（3次），心房纤额行房室结改良1例次。本组54例次消融治疗无任何并发症，提示对快速心律失常射频消融可作为常规的选择治疗方法。     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Rate of Change of Glucose on Measurement Error of Continuous Glucose Monitors

Background

A 5-day in-patient study designed to assess the accuracy of the FreeStyle Navigator® Continuous Glucose Monitoring System revealed that the level of accuracy of the continuous sensor measurements was dependent on the rate of glucose change. When the absolute rate of change was less than 1 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (75% of the time), the median absolute relative difference (ARD) was 8.5%, with 85% of all points falling within the A zone of the Clarke error grid. When the absolute rate of change was greater than 2 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (8% of the time), the median ARD was 17.5%, with 59% of all points falling within the Clarke A zone.

Method

Numerical simulations were performed to investigate effects of the rate of change of glucose on sensor measurement error. This approach enabled physiologically relevant distributions of glucose values to be reordered to explore the effect of different glucose rate-of-change distributions on apparent sensor accuracy.

Results

The physiological lag between blood and interstitial fluid glucose levels is sufficient to account for the observed difference in sensor accuracy between periods of stable glucose and periods of rapidly changing glucose.

Conclusions

The role of physiological lag on the apparent decrease in sensor accuracy at high glucose rates of change has implications for clinical study design, regulatory review of continuous glucose sensors, and development of performance standards for this new technology. This work demonstrates the difficulty in comparing accuracy measures between different clinical studies and highlights the need for studies to include both relevant glucose distributions and relevant glucose rate-of-change distributions.     

Study of constancy of hydrogen-consuming flora of human colon

The constancy of the hydrogen consuming flora of the human colon was studied in 15 healthy subjects via two measurements obtained 18 to 36 months apart. Hydrogen disappearance rate and the major products of H₂-consuming bacteria, methane and sulfide, were measured during incubation of fecal homogenates with excess hydrogen and sulfate. In 11/15, the hydrogen consumption rate and the predominant hydrogen-consuming pathway (methanogenesis, sulfate reduction, or neither) remained constant. However, major shifts in these pathways were observed in four subjects, with two losing and two gaining the ability to produce methane. Methanogenesis was associated with the highest hydrogen consumption rate. This study demonstrates that clinically unrecognizable, major alterations of the colonic flora occur in healthy subjects. Understanding of the factors responsible for these alterations might allow for therapeutic manipulation of the colonic flora.Supported in part by the Department of Veterans Affairs and NIDDKD RO1 DK 13309-25.