吻合皮下静脉治疗手掌部皮肤逆行撕脱伤

手掌部皮肤逆行撕脱伤在临床上较多见，常合并深部组织损伤。临床上常用的方法有直接原位缝合，撕脱皮肤经处理后回植原处，皮片移植，皮瓣修复等。由于手掌部浅静脉较纤细，既往文献多不主张吻合。我们于1998年开始，在临床上采用吻合皮下静脉治疗手掌部皮肤逆行撕脱伤，效果较好，现报告如下。     

额部皮瓣内颞浅静脉额支的应用解剖学研究

目的 研究颞浅静脉额支的变异情况及其与颞浅动脉额支的关系,为避免颢浅血管蒂额部皮瓣发生淤血性坏死提供解剖学依据.方法 观察颢浅静脉额支的变异情况,以颧弓上缘为X轴、过骨性外耳门前缘点X轴的垂线为Y轴的二维坐标系定位颞浅静脉额支,测量颞浅动静脉额支之间的距离.结果 颞浅静脉额支缺如率为50%(10/20),多数(9/10)位于颞浅动脉额支的上方,颞浅静脉额支与颞浅动脉额支的平均距离为(17.3±8.4)mm,且越向颅顶方向,动静脉之间的距离越大.结论 颞浅静脉额支解剖变异较大,颞浅血管额支动静脉伴行多不紧密.因此,颞浅血管蒂额部皮瓣蒂部应较宽(3～4 cm)设计成逐渐增宽的扇形,可避免皮瓣发生静脉回流障碍.     

吻合静脉修复手掌皮肤逆行撕脱伤

目的 探讨一种手掌皮肤逆行撕脱伤的手术修复方法。方法 在显微镜下行清创术，术中仔细寻找损伤的静脉，然后将其吻合，建立血运以修复手掌皮肤逆行撕脱伤。结果 14例撕脱皮肤全部成活，手部外形正常，皮肤感觉在3个月－1年内恢复正常。结论 该手术方法操作简单，安全可靠，值得推广。     

小儿手指掌侧浅静脉显微解剖及吻合指掌侧浅静脉的断指再植

手指背侧损伤较重的断指再植，因指背静脉挫伤重不能吻合，未节断指无可供吻合的指背静脉，以往将此类断指列为再植之禁忌。我们对４０指小儿尸体手指指掌侧浅静脉进行了显微解剖，在此基础上，临床４０指不能吻合指背静脉的断指实施了吻合指掌侧浅静脉的再植，成活３６指，失败４指，成活率９１％。由于指掌侧浅静脉口径粗，解剖较恒定，吻合后通畅率高。本研究提供了指掌侧浅静脉的显微解剖学数据和临床应用经验。     

以撕脱手掌皮肤预制游离皮瓣修复手掌缺损一例

1 病例介绍 患者男,43岁.因机器碾压伤致"左手掌大面积皮肤撕脱伤,左手第2～4掌骨开放性骨折"半小时后人院.检查:左手掌部皮肤与皮下组织从掌腱膜表面撕脱,遗留手掌部软组织缺损创面6cm×9cm,创口内可见掌腱膜及第1、2指总神经外露,屈指肌腱未裸露.     

吻合静脉治疗手掌部皮肤逆行撕脱伤

目的探讨手掌部皮肤逆行撕脱伤的修复方法。方法利用显微外科技术吻合掌侧皮下浅静脉,重建血液循环通路治疗手掌部皮肤逆行撕脱伤18例,吻合静脉共计125条。结果18例中有15例掌部皮肤全部成活,另外3例除掌心部有约1.5×1.0cm的皮肤坏死外,其余部分成活。掌部皮肤外形美观,功能基本恢复。结论该术式一次修复成功,皮肤功能优于游离植皮,也使病人免除了需从他处转移皮瓣的痛苦。     

手指末节指掌侧浅静脉的显微解剖及临床应用

目的 研究手指末节指掌侧浅静脉分布规律,指导指末节离断再植术.方法 取100例手指标本分别进行乳胶灌注显微解剖法、断层解剖法、明胶-氧化铅灌注显微-解剖加X线摄片法研究指末节掌侧浅静脉的解剖学特点.临床对10例13指的离断末节指,进行吻合掌侧浅静脉的再植术.结果 在甲根水平通常可以找到1～3条指掌侧浅静脉,管径为0.2～0.5 mm.10例13指末节指离断再植均获成功.术后随访3～18个月,外观功能良好.结论 末节指掌侧浅静脉分布具有规律性,末节指再植吻合掌侧静脉有利于提高再植的成功率,并能减少其他静脉回流方法所带来的并发症.

Abstract：

Objective To study the anatomy of superficial palmar digital veins in fingertip,and explore the clinical application of superficial palmar digital veins as venous drainage in fingertip replantation.Methods One hundred fingers were studied with three methods: microanatomy,sectional anatomy,and X-ray.According to microanatomical observation,thirteen fingers in 10 cases with fingertip amputations and dorsal veins defect were replanted by anastomosis of palmar digital veins to reconstruct the venous drainage of the amputated digits. Results ( 1 ) 1 to 3 tiny superficial palmar digital veins can be found at the level of the onychorrhiza.The average diameters of the superficial palmar digital veins were 0.2-0.5 mm.(2)In clinical practice,13 replanted fingers were survived.After 3-18 months following-up,the appearance and function were satisfactory. Conclusion The distribution of the palmar digital veins was in some pattern.Anastomosis of the superficial palmar digital veins can not only improve the success rate of the fingertip replantation,but also avoid the complications of the other venous drainage methods.     

颞中静脉和颞浅动脉的解剖学特征：基于3D-CTA的研究

目的 通过颞部的三维图像,探究颞浅动脉和颞中静脉在颞区的解剖特征。方法 回顾性分析自2022年1—7月,浙江省人民医院整形外科收治成年患者头颅CTA影像资料,共28例患者纳入研究,将原始数据传输到计算机,导入3D-Slicer软件系统重建56侧颞浅动脉（superficial temporal artery, STA）、颞中静脉（middle temporal vein, MTV）以及颅面骨的三维图像,对血管分叉点的位置、距骨性标记点的距离、距皮肤表面的深度、血管的内径和变异类型等进行测量和评估。结果 发现颞浅动脉额支（superficial temporal artery-frontal branch, STA-Fbr）的出现率为100%,颞浅动脉顶支（superficial temporal artery-parietal branch, STA-Pbr）的出现率为91.7%(51/56),96.1%(49/51)的分叉点位于颧弓上（32.3±8.2）mm。额支分叉处血管内径为（2.2±0.5）mm,距离皮肤表面的平均深度为（3.7±1.1）mm。颞中静脉（middle tempo...     

枕部皮肤的神经分布及临床意义

枕部皮肤的神经分布及临床意义单云官，魏焕萍，潘曦东近年来，对头面部的疼痛及神经支配，有许多文献报道，而涉及枕部神经解剖研究的较少。掌握枕部神经来源、走行、分布是临床上对枕部疼痛诊断治疗的基础。为此，就枕部的解剖学界限，各枕神经的分布概况及其临床意义综...     

手指末节指掌侧浅静脉的显微解剖及临床应用

目的 研究手指末节指掌侧浅静脉分布规律,指导指末节离断再植术.方法 取100例手指标本分别进行乳胶灌注显微解剖法、断层解剖法、明胶-氧化铅灌注显微-解剖加X线摄片法研究指末节掌侧浅静脉的解剖学特点.临床对10例13指的离断末节指,进行吻合掌侧浅静脉的再植术.结果 在甲根水平通常可以找到1～3条指掌侧浅静脉,管径为0.2～0.5 mm.10例13指末节指离断再植均获成功.术后随访3～18个月,外观功能良好.结论 末节指掌侧浅静脉分布具有规律性,末节指再植吻合掌侧静脉有利于提高再植的成功率,并能减少其他静脉回流方法所带来的并发症.     

Engpaß-Syndrom des Nervus peronaeus superficialis

Zusammenfassung Operationsziel Dekompression des Nervs durch Spaltung und Resektion der ihn einengenden Faszie. Indikationen L?nger bestehende und konservativ nicht beeinflu?bare Schmerzen und Dys?sthesien. Kontraindikationen Fortbestehen der Beschwerden nach Infiltration des Engpasses mit einem Lokalan?sthetikum. Operationstechnik L?ngsinzision über der markierten Stelle des Hauptdruckschmerzes. Aufsuchen des Nervs und seiner Durchtrittsstelle durch die Unterschenkelfaszie. Spaltung und Resektion der Faszie um den Engpa?. Ergebnisse Sechs Patienten (ein Mann, fünf Frauen; Durchschnittsalter 50,2 Jahre) wurden operiert und nach durchschnittlich 48,5 Monaten (drei Monate bis 10,5 Jahre) kontrolliert. Bei fünf Patienten rasche Beseitigung der Schmerzen und Dys?sthesien. Bei einer Patientin wurde lediglich Besserung erzielt; es lag hier offenbar eine zweite, weiter peripher gelegene Druckstelle vor, die von einem früheren Gipsverband herrührte und nicht beachtet worden war.     

Couverture d’une perte de substance palmaire par un lambeau synovial des fléchisseurs superficiels des doigts

Post-traumatic palmar soft tissue defects are a difficult problem in plastic surgery and many techniques have been described. We report the case of a 41-year-old patient with a large palmar soft tissue defect of the right hand due to a work accident. The classical flaps used in this indication were not usable. So, we chose the synovial flap of the Flexor digitorum superficialis to cover this palmar defect. We discuss the coverage possibilities for a hand palmar defect in emergency, and the use of the synovial flap in this indication. This case report shows that the synovial flap could be an option for the coverage of palmar soft tissue defects.     

The prevalence of functional absence of flexor digitorum superficialis to the little finger: A study in a Turkish population

Abstract

This prospective study was conducted to determine the prevalence of absence of flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS)-V tendon and to investigate the clinical usefulness of symmetry patterns, differences between sex, laterality, and dexterity in a Turkish population. Four hundred randomly-selected adult patients were examined for the absence of FDS-V function. The absence of FDS-V on both sides, results of the examination tests, age, sex, and dexterity were recorded and analysed statistically. The overall prevalence of absence of FDS-V was 18.5% in the Turkish population. The prevalence of functional absence of FDS-V was statistically similar between the body sides and sex (p = 0.258 and p = 0.333). The prevalence of symmetric occurrence of the variations in both hands was 87.2%. If a functional FDS is demonstrated in one hand, the probability of having a functional FDS-V in the contralateral hand is 91.8%. However, when the FDS-V is absent in one hand, the probability of having an absent FDS-V in the contralateral hand is 51.1%. The symmetric occurrence of variations was equally distributed in both sex and dexterity (p = 0.223 and p = 0.201). Prediction of FDS-V function in one hand through examining the opposite hand may cause false negative or false positive results. However, if the uninjured hand has independent FDS-V function, the inability to flex the PIP joint in the injured hand can be accepted as an injury to the FDS and surgical exploration should be performed. However, if the uninjured hand has an absent function, assumption of symmetric distribution should not be used.     

A case of trigger finger following partial laceration of flexor digitorum superficialis and review of the literature

Trigger finger is a common condition, and the usual cause is stenosing tenosynovitis. Trigger finger caused by trauma is extremely rare. We examined a patient in whom an apparently trivial laceration caused partial laceration of the flexor tendon, leading to trigger finger. In this case, ultrasonography was useful in establishing the presurgical diagnosis. Removal of the impinging tag cured the trigger finger. We also review nine previously reported cases. When triggering occurs after an injury near the base of a finger, partial laceration of the flexor tendon should be kept in mind as the cause. Ultrasonography may be valuable for the diagnosis.     

正中神经指浅屈肌肌支移位修复尺神经运动支的应用解剖

目的 通过对正中神经指浅屈肌肌支和尺神经运动支的解剖学研究,为正中神经指浅屈肌肌支移位修复尺神经运动支,恢复手内在肌功能的临床应用提供解剖学基础.方法 选用20例40侧近期经福尔马林浸泡固定的成人上肢标本,暴露正中神经、尺神经,测量正中神经指浅屈肌肌支各项解剖学数据;应用图像分析系统对组织切片做定量分析,测算该肌支有髓神经纤维数目.临床模拟操作正中神经指浅屈肌肌支移位修复尺神经运动支.结果 正中神经第4肌支发出部位距离桡骨茎突和尺骨茎突连线(48.4±2.4)mm,入肌部位距离桡骨茎突和尺骨茎突连线(21.4±1.8)mm,可分离长度(27.1±1.2)mm,横径(1.2±0.2)mm,前后径(0.7±0.1)mm;尺神经的运动支和感觉支之间自然分束无损伤分离.长度为(7.1±0.70)cm;组织切片及图片系统测得正中神经指浅屈肌第4肌支有髓神经纤维数目为(1378.9±107.9)条.结论 正中神经指浅屈肌第4肌支可修复尺神经运动支,以期恢复手内在肌的功能.     

Participation of human superficialis flexor tendon segments in repair in vitro

We analyzed the healing capability of the human superficialis (sublimus) flexor tendon in response to injury in vitro by performing a morphologic study of tendon repair. Tendon segments were cultured in cell-free medium for 2, 4, or 8 weeks, and the cut-end repair sites were compared with those in fresh control segments on light and electron microscopy. Tendon encapsulation had occurred at 2 weeks, by the proliferation and migration of elongated fibroblasts from the epitenon and from collagen bundles of the endotenon to cover the surface of the cut tendon ends. As migrating epitenon cells approached the cut margin, they consistently shifted from a parallel to a circumferential orientation with respect to the tendon axis. By 4 weeks, the encapsulating surface cells had lost their membranous ruffles and had become flattened. Within the capsule, phagocytic cells engulfed collagen debris, and fibroblasts containing extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum profiles and secretory vesicles participated in protein synthesis. The surface of the capsule was smooth and, at 8 weeks, was almost indistinguishable from the epitenon surface of uncultured controls. The capsule now had a collagen-synthesizing layer of fibroblasts superimposed on layers of maturing collagen bundles that separated resting-phase fibroblasts. These findings demonstrate that segments of human superficialis flexor tendons participate in an intrinsic repair response without contributions from extrinsic cells.     

Anomalous flexor digitorum superficialis muscle belly presenting as a mass within the palm

Anomalies of the flexor digitorum superficialis muscle are extremely uncommon and usually present as a painful mass or pseudotumour within the palm. Diagnosis may be difficult because many other soft tissue tumours (lipomas, ganglions, giant cell tumours and hamartomas) may present similarly. Magnetic resonance imaging helps to define the extent and characteristics of this anomalous muscle belly and to distinguish it from a soft tissue sarcoma, whereas plain radiographs are of little value. Three types of flexor digitorum superficialis muscle anomalies have been described, and treatment consists of subtotal or total surgical debulking of the mass if symptoms persist or if the diagnosis is in question. Most patients have complete resolution and full recovery. To date, 20 cases have been reported in the literature, usually involving the right small finger. In the present paper, the case of an anomalous flexor digitorum superficialis muscle in a 17-year-old male patient’s left index finger is reported. Symptoms were relieved following surgical debulking and hand-based occupational therapy.     

肝后腔静脉损伤12例临床处理体会

目的 探讨肝后腔静脉损伤时损伤静脉的显露与修复。方法 本组清创性切除毁损肝组织并修补损伤静脉４例;游离肝周韧带,将肝翻向中线,修补静脉３例;改良全肝血流阻断修补４例;术者在未明确出血来源情况下盲目修补肝脏造成大量出血１例。结果 本组肝后腔静脉损伤共１２例,其中术中死于大量失血５例,术后６ｈ死于不可逆休克１例。痊愈６例。结论肝后腔静脉损伤时术前急救复苏,术中及时显露损伤静脉与正确修复是影响治疗效果的