不同穿支蒂足(底)内侧逆行岛状皮瓣修复前足底软组织缺损

目的 介绍不同穿支蒂足(底)内侧逆行岛状皮瓣修复前足底软组织缺损的临床经验.方法 对前足底不同部位软组织缺损8例,采用不同穿支蒂足内侧或足底内侧逆行岛状皮瓣修复:对4例前足底内侧软组织缺损,采用以足底内侧浅支在第一跖骨颈的穿支为蒂的足内侧逆行岛状皮瓣修复;对2例前足底中部软组织,采用足底内侧动脉深支或足背动脉足底深支的穿支为蒂的足底内侧逆行岛状皮瓣修复;对2例前足底外侧软组织缺损采用足底外侧终末穿支或足底动脉的穿支为蒂的足底内侧逆行岛状皮瓣修复.结果 术后7例皮瓣顺利成活,1例皮瓣术后部分坏死,将坏死皮瓣清除后经扩创,肉芽生长良好后,取髂腰部带真皮下血管网皮肤植皮.有5例患者经4～6个月随访,皮瓣血供良好,外观满意,感觉恢复至6～8mm,恢复正常行走功能;另3例失访.结论 采用不同穿支蒂足内侧或足底内侧逆行岛状皮瓣是修复前足底不同部位软组织缺损的好方法.     

游离前移足底内侧皮瓣修复足底远端创面

足底的损伤多见于足跟及足底远端负重区。足底内侧皮瓣的应用,为足底负重区创面的修复提供了有效的方法。和用足底内侧皮瓣修复足跟的多种创面［１］。对于足底远端的创面,有些作者运用逆行的足底内侧岛状瓣修复法,其血供基础来源于足底内侧动脉与足底动脉弓彼此间的穿...     

足底内侧逆行岛状皮瓣修复前足底溃疡的临床分析

目的:探讨应用足底内侧逆行岛状皮瓣修复前足底溃疡的方法。方法:自2008年1月～2011年5月应用足底内侧逆行岛状皮瓣修复前足底软组织缺损10例,其中男性6例,女性4例。年龄15～67岁,平均年龄35.3岁。造成软组织缺损原因:车祸外伤2例,烧伤(包括电击伤)5例,慢性溃疡3例。其中骨外露4例,肌腱外露3例。缺损面积2.0cm×4.0cm～4.0cm×6.0cm。皮瓣切取范围3.0cm×7.0cm～5.0cm×8.0cm。结果:本组8例皮瓣顺利成活,1例皮瓣术后出现蒂部压迫缺血,解除压迫后一期愈合。1例皮瓣出现瘀血坏死,经换药及植皮愈合。术后随访1.5～2年,9例患者局部皮瓣血运、外观、质地、色泽、弹性佳。1例患者局部组织饱满度稍差,但无溃疡发生。结论:足底内侧逆行岛状皮瓣是修复前足底软组织缺损较理想的方法之一。     

超长蒂小腿内侧逆行岛状皮瓣修复前足底大面积皮肤缺损

目的探讨修复前足底大面积皮肤缺损的方法。方法采用超长蒂小腿内侧逆行岛状皮瓣修复前足底大面积皮肤缺损，同时将隐神经与腓深神经或足背外侧皮神经吻合进行感觉功能重建。结果9例患者皮瓣全部成活，经1～2年随访，皮瓣的外形良好，无溃疡，两点间的辨别觉为1，0cm，具有良好的外观、较好的感觉及耐磨功能。结论将小腿内侧逆行岛状皮瓣蒂部较原延长4～5cm，可用于修复足底任何部位的皮肤缺损，能同期进行感觉功能重建，血供安全可靠。     

足底岛状肌皮瓣修复足踝部软组织缺损

目的报道足底岛状肌皮瓣修复踝足部软组织缺损的临床应用体会。方法采用足底内侧岛状皮瓣21例;足底外侧岛状皮瓣8例;足内侧岛状皮瓣14例;坶外展肌皮瓣16例;趾短屈肌皮瓣6例;足底内侧远端蒂逆行皮瓣4例,共修复踝足部软组织缺损69例。结果随访6月～2年,肌皮瓣全部成活,均保留和恢复了踝足部的外形和功能。结论采用足底动脉为蒂的岛状肌皮瓣修复踝足部软组织缺损,有良好的血供,效果满意。     

足底内侧动脉带蒂岛状皮瓣逆行修复足底前部皮肤缺损

利用足底内侧动脉终末支与足底外侧动脉第一跖骨背动脉及足底深支吻合，设计逆行足内侧岛状皮瓣修复足底前部皮肤缺损5例，皮瓣全部成活。随访6个月～8年，外形与功能改善满意。足底内侧动脉带蒂岛状皮瓣逆行修复足底前部皮肤缺损方法简便，安全可靠，效果良好，且并发症少。     

足底内侧逆行岛状皮瓣在修复足底前部创面的应用

目的 探讨足底前部及趾腹创面的修复方法。方法 采用足底内侧逆行岛状皮瓣移位修复足底前部、趾腹创面，皮瓣的神经与创面的神经吻合重建皮瓣感觉，足底内侧静脉与创面皮下静脉吻合以改善皮瓣血液回流。结果 临床应用8例，修复足底前部创面6例，修复足底前部及趾腹创面2例，皮瓣全部成活，随访3个月～2年10个月，皮瓣外形满意，质韧耐磨，无溃疡现象，感觉良好，两点辨别觉8～12mm，足及足趾活动功能良好。结论 足底内侧逆行岛状皮瓣是修复足底前部及趾腹创面的良好方法。     

逆行足底内侧动脉蒂足内侧岛状皮瓣修复前足底皮肤缺损

目的 报道逆行足底内侧动脉蒂足内侧岛状皮瓣修复前足底皮肤缺损的手术方法及临床效果。方法 在解剖学研究基础上利用足底内侧动脉终末支与足底外侧动脉,第一跖骨背动脉及足底深支的吻合设计逆行足内侧岛状皮瓣修复前足底皮肤缺损创面,通过吻合皮下静脉静脉回流。结果 临床应用4例,皮瓣全部成活,随访6－24个月,外形与功能改善满意。结论 逆行足底内侧动脉蒂足内侧岛状皮瓣是修复前足底皮肤缺损的最佳选择之一。     

改良逆行足底内侧动脉浅支岛状皮瓣移位修复前足创面

目的:报道以改良足底内侧动脉浅支皮瓣逆行修复前足皮肤软组织缺损、骨外露、肌腱外露等创面的效果.方法:改良足底内侧动脉浅支岛状皮瓣逆行移位修复前足创面9例,皮瓣面积4cm×5cm～7cm×9cm.结果皮瓣全部成活,随访6～12个月,皮瓣色泽基本正常,耐磨,弹性好,未出现皮瓣坏死及皮瓣摩擦破损,供皮区游离植皮完全成活.结论:改良足底内侧动脉浅支逆行岛状皮瓣治疗前足皮肤软组织缺损创面具有切取方便、手术简捷、创伤小,皮瓣血供可靠、不影响足部血运等优点,可满足前足中小面积创面修复需要.     

足底内侧动脉穿支蒂足背内侧皮神经逆行皮瓣的应用

目的 探讨足底内侧动脉穿支蒂足背内侧皮神经营养血管逆行岛状皮瓣的临床应用效果.方法 2005年6月至2008年3月;应用以足底内侧动脉穿支为蒂的足背内侧皮神经营养血管逆行岛状皮瓣修复足前端软组织缺损12例,皮瓣切取面积3.0 cm×3.5 cm～5.5 cm×8.5 cm.结果 12例皮瓣全部成活,供区创面也愈合顺利.经随访6～24个月,皮瓣质地、弹性均正常,无溃疡发生,感觉获得一定恢复,两点辨别觉为7～10 mm,外观及功能满意.供区创面也顺利愈合.结论 该皮瓣扩大了切取面积和修复范围,具有手术操作相对简单、安全,不损伤主要血管,皮瓣厚薄适中,弹性好,耐磨,色泽与受区一致的优点.     

足内侧皮瓣逆行移植术

目的为足前部软组织缺损提供修复方法。方法（1）在50侧足标本上解剖观察足内侧皮瓣的血供来源、动脉分支及终支远侧吻合情况,皮瓣逆行供血及回流的途径;（2）临床设计应用足内侧皮瓣逆行移植修复前足软组织缺损6例（     

足内侧逆行岛状皮瓣修复前足皮肤缺损

目的　研究修复前足皮肤缺损的新方法。方法　在解剖学研究的基础上 ,利用足底内侧动脉终支与第 1跖骨底动脉、足底深动脉及足底深弓的吻合 ,设计逆行足底内侧血管及足内侧皮穿支蒂岛状皮瓣修复前足皮肤缺损创面。结果　临床应用 6例 ,皮瓣面积 4cm× 3cm～ 11cm× 9cm ,血管蒂长 6～ 11cm ,皮瓣全部成活 ,随访 6～ 2 4个月 ,外形与功能改善满意。结论　本皮瓣是修复前足皮肤缺损的最佳选择之一。     

Reconstruction of distal forefoot burn defect with retrograde medial plantar flap

Burn reconstruction of forefoot remains as a difficult challenge, because the local flap alternatives are limited. We evaluated the efficiency of distally based medial plantar fasciocutaneous island flap in the coverage of forefoot defects resulting from release of toe contracture and burn debridement. Four patients with toe contractures and two patients with third degree burn in forefoot were treated between June 2004 and February 2006. The mean follow-up period was 10.4 months. The flaps were elevated as with a fasciocutaneous base on the distal medial plantar artery. The dimensions of the flaps ranged from 4cmx3cm to 5cmx4cm. The skin over the pedicle was included as a part of flap in three cases. Concomitant vein of the pedicle was anastomosed with the first plantar digital vein in four cases. In the early postoperative period, one flap used to cover third degree burn due to high-voltage electric injury was lost completely. We concluded that this flap was an appropriate alternative reconstructive option for the forefoot defect. Including skin and subcutaneous tissue over the pedicle to flap protects the pedicle against kinking and compression. Venous supercharging of the flap improves venous drainage.     

两种足内侧皮瓣修复前足皮肤缺损的疗效分析

[目的]总结足内侧隐神经营养血管皮瓣(隐神经组)与?母趾底内侧动脉皮穿支血管蒂隐神经营养血管皮瓣(穿支蒂组)逆行修复前足皮肤缺损的疗效。[方法]2005年3月～2010年10月,采用隐神经组皮瓣和穿支蒂组皮瓣逆行修复前足皮肤缺损各16例、20例,对两组移植皮瓣术后淤血、坏死、愈合、负重后肿胀消退、感觉恢复等分析对比。[结果]隐神经组皮瓣淤血8例,表浅及以上坏死6例,Ⅱ期愈合6例;穿支蒂组皮瓣淤血2例,表浅坏死1例,Ⅱ期愈合1例。随访7月～19个月,平均12个月,负重后皮瓣均不同程度肿胀,隐神经组平均1.6个月消肿,穿支蒂组平均0.8个月消肿;感觉恢复:隐神经组S1 2例,S2 5例,S3 4例,S3+3例,S4 2例;穿支蒂组S2 1例,S3 3例,S3+7例,S4 9例。从皮瓣淤血、坏死、愈合、负重后消肿情况及感觉恢复等方面对比穿支蒂组优于隐神经组(P<0.05)。[结论]?母趾底内侧动脉皮穿支血管蒂隐神经营养血管皮瓣逆行修复前足皮肤缺损并发症少,功能恢复好,修复质量高,安全可靠。     

Foot and ankle reconstruction: An experience on the use of 14 different flaps in 226 cases

The aim of this report was to present our experience on the use of different flaps for soft tissue reconstruction of the foot and ankle. From 2007 to 2012, the soft tissue defects of traumatic injuries of the foot and ankle were reconstructed using 14 different flaps in 226 cases (162 male and 64 female). There were 62 pedicled flaps and 164 free flaps used in reconstruction. The pedicled flaps included sural flap, saphenous flap, dorsal pedal neurocutaneous flap, pedicled peroneal artery perforator flap, pedicled tibial artery perforator flap, and medial plantar flap. The free flaps were latissimus musculocutaneous flap, anterolateral thigh musculocutaneous flap, groin flap, lateral arm flap, anterolateral thigh perforator flap, peroneal artery perforator flap, thoracdorsal artery perforator flap, medial arm perforator flap. The sensory nerve coaptation was not performed for all of flaps. One hundred and ninety‐four cases were combined with open fractures. One hundred and sixty‐two cases had tendon. Among 164 free flaps, 8 flaps were completely lost, in which the defects were managed by the secondary procedures. Among the 57 flaps for plantar foot coverage (25 pedicled flaps and 32 free flaps), ulcers were developed in 5 pedicled flaps and 6 free flaps after weight bearing, and infection was found in 14 flaps. The donor site complications were seen in 3 cases with the free anterolateral thigh perforator flap transfer. All of limbs were preserved and the patients regained walking and daily activities. All of patients except for one regained protective sensation from 3 to 12 months postoperatively. Our experience showed that the sural flap and saphenous flap could be good options for the coverage of the defects at malleolus, dorsal hindfoot and midfoot. Plantar foot, forefoot and large size defects could be reconstructed with free anterolateral thigh perforator flap. For the infected wounds with dead spce, the free latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap remained to be the optimal choice. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 33:600–604, 2013.     

跖底外侧动脉逆行岛状皮瓣修复前足底创面

为了探讨跖底前外侧负重区溃疡、缺损的修复方式，采用跖底外侧动脉逆行岛状皮瓣修复跖底前外侧顽固性溃疡、痛性鸡眼及胼胝切除后的缺损共９例１０个皮瓣，宽度为３～４ｃｍ，长度为３～５ｃｍ。术后皮瓣均全部成活。经１～１０年随访，患足能负重行走，无疼痛、无跛行，皮瓣耐磨，经长时间行走，未出现破损。认为，跖底外侧动脉逆行岛状皮瓣是修复跖底前外侧缺损的最佳选择。其缺点是皮瓣面积较小，供瓣区需游离植皮消灭创面。     

足部逆行血管蒂皮瓣修复前足皮肤缺损

目的 探讨足逆行血管蒂皮瓣修复前足皮肤缺损的效果。方法足底内侧皮瓣以足底内侧动脉浅支为蒂逆行转移,足踝背皮瓣以足背动脉分支第一或第二跖背动脉为蒂逆行转移。转移皮瓣均行浅静脉及皮神经吻合修复。结果转移皮瓣全部成活。其中1例未行浅静脉吻合术后出现静脉危象,经减张及药物治疗后存活。术后1年随访皮瓣感觉功能恢复。结论足部逆行血管蒂皮瓣转移修复前足皮肤缺损,具有于术简捷、创伤小、功用好、并发症少等优点。     

Bipedicled distally based medial plantar artery perforator flap for forefoot reconstruction: A case report

Reconstruction of soft-tissue defects in the foot weight-bearing area should encompass sensate and robust skin. Regarding forefoot defects, distally based medial plantar artery (MPA) flap is an ideal option. However, considering variation of the terminal branches of the MPA, reverse flow flaps can be unreliable with an increasing risk of venous congestion or insufficient arterial flow. In this report, we present a case of the use of reverse flow MPA flaps with dual flow vascularization. The patient was a 37-year-old female who presented a 7 × 3 cm soft-tissue defect of the right forefoot after wide local excision following melanoma. Reconstruction happened with a perforator distally based bipedicled flap (8 × 4 cm) on the MPA though keeping an enhanced vascularization through both superficial (sMPA) and deep (dMPA) medial plantar arteries. Donor site was closed with skin graft. Patient was discharged from hospital at postoperative Day 10 and healed uneventfully with progressive start walk was possible again. A full weight bearing with normal shoes was possible after 8 weeks. Good healing and no functional impairment were present after 9 months of follow-up. We believe this dual vascularization concept may be adopted when possible to improve the overall circulation of the flap and to prevent risks of vascular insufficiency or vein congestion.     

隐神经-大隐静脉营养血管与胫后动脉皮支蒂联合皮瓣修复足部慢性溃疡创面

目的探讨应用隐神经-大隐静脉营养血管与胫后动脉皮支蒂联合皮瓣修复足部慢性溃疡的疗效。方法应用隐神经-大隐静脉营养血管与胫后动脉皮支为蒂的联合皮瓣修复足部慢性溃疡共18例,6例手术前创面先行负压封闭引流技术治疗,待创面新鲜肉芽组织生成后再行联合皮瓣移植修复。足部术中清创后创面面积为8cm×13cm至1cm×17cm,设计的皮瓣面积为8cm×14cm至11cm×18cm。结果18例中,经疗效判断标准评定,优10例,良8例。其中17例创面Ⅰ期愈合,1例因静脉回流障碍皮瓣远端小面积坏死,经皮片移植后愈合。术后随访6～24个月,均取得满意效果。结论隐神经-大隐静脉营养血管与胫后动脉皮支蒂联合皮瓣对修复足部慢性溃疡,特别是足跟部创面具有显著的疗效。