共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Introduction
In July 2015, the antiabortion Center for Medical Progress released a covertly filmed video of a Planned Parenthood official discussing the dispensation of postabortion remains for research, a practice the general public was not familiar with. Research shows that people use preexisting frameworks (such as support for or opposition to abortion rights) to make sense of new information. We examine the presence and use of abortion-related movement heuristics, language, and framing in the lay public's engagement with this video and their response to it.Methods
Using modified grounded theory, we analyzed user comments on five online news articles about the video, drawn from sources representing different segments of the spectrum of support for abortion rights, to serve as a proxy for the public conversation.Results
Commenters used language and framing consistent with the abortion rights and antiabortion social movements to debate basic information about this practice (i.e., the language of “fetal tissue” vs “baby parts” and whether the abortion provider profited from the exchange). Discussion of the abortion provider's casual demeanor, however, did not always use movement language and association consistently, with some commenters demonstrating inconsistency between their support for abortion and response to the video.Conclusions
Online commenters largely used language consistent with the contemporary abortion movements’ ideological frames in their engagement about the video. The presence of this language suggests that people may draw on existing frameworks about abortion when they engage with abortion-related information, which could have implications for efforts to address abortion misinformation. 相似文献6.
Elena G. Gibson Julia C. Gage Philip E. Castle Isabel C. Scarinci 《Women's health issues》2019,29(1):38-47
Background
Although preventive measures have greatly decreased the national burden of cervical cancer, racial/ethnic and geographic disparities remain, including the disproportionate incidence and mortality among African American women in the Mississippi Delta. Along with structural barriers, health perceptions and cultural beliefs influence participation in cervical screening. This study examined perceived susceptibility to cervical cancer among African American women in the Delta across three groups: 1) women attending screening appointments (screened), 2) women attending colposcopy clinic following an abnormal Papanicolaou test (colposcopy), and 3) women with no screening in 3 years or longer (unscreened/underscreened).Methods
Data were collected during a study assessing the feasibility/acceptability of self-collected sampling for human papillomavirus (HPV) testing as a cervical screening modality. A questionnaire assessed demographics, health care access, and cervical cancer knowledge and beliefs (including perceived susceptibility). Participants were asked, “Do you think you are at risk for cervical cancer?”, and responses included yes, no, and I don't know. Multinomial logistic regression models compared variables associated with answers among each group.Results
Of 524 participants, one-half did not know if they were at risk of cervical cancer (50%) or HPV exposure (53%). Between the unscreened/underscreened (n = 160), screened (n = 198), and colposcopy (n = 166) groups, age (p < .001), education (p = .02), and perceived risk of HPV exposure (p < .01) differed. Older age and younger age at first intercourse (unscreened/underscreened), family history and screening recommendations (screened), and family history and perceived risk of HPV exposure (colposcopy) were associated with perceived susceptibility to cervical cancer.Conclusions
Differences in the perceived susceptibility to cervical cancer exist between African American women in the Delta. Understanding these variations can help in developing strategies to promote screening among this population with a high burden of disease. 相似文献7.
Kathryn P. Derose Bing Han Stephanie Williamson Deborah A. Cohen 《Women's health issues》2018,28(1):6-13
Introduction
Physical inactivity is more prevalent among women than men and is related to poor health outcomes. Neighborhood parks constitute an important resource for physical activity (PA), however, previous studies of park users have found fewer women being physically active.Methods
We conducted a hierarchical mixed-effect regression analysis of the independent associations between gender and park use and PA among a population-based sample in high-poverty neighborhoods in Los Angeles. Data sources included 1) structured interviews with adults (≥18 years of age) in randomly selected households within 1 mile of study parks (n = 2,973), 2) systematic observations of study parks (n = 48), and 3) neighborhood characteristics from the 2010 U.S. Census.Results
After controlling for race/ethnicity, education, body mass index of 30 kg/m2 or greater, health status, proximity to park, having children under the age of 18, perceived park safety, estimated screen time, and park- and neighborhood-level variables, statistically significant differences were found between women and men on all outcomes. Compared with men, women reported fewer park visits in the past week (?0.28 times/week; p < .001) and shorter durations of a typical park visit (?11.11 min/visit; p < .001). Women were also less likely than men to report levels of PA that meet national guidelines (≥150 minutes of moderate to vigorous PA per week; risk difference = ?0.06; p < .01) or to exercise in the park (risk difference = ?0.13; p < .001) or elsewhere (risk difference = ?0.13; p < .001).Conclusions
Women living in high-poverty neighborhoods use parks less for PA than men. Improved park-level design, programming, and other policy interventions may be needed to mitigate disparities in park use and PA for all. 相似文献8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Background
A large body of research has documented disparities in health and access to care among sexual minority populations, but very little population-based research has focused on the health care needs among pregnant sexual minority women.Methods
Data for this study came from 3,901 reproductive-age (18–44 years) women who identified as lesbian or bisexual and 63,827 reproductive-age women who identified as heterosexual in the 2014–2016 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Logistic regression models were used to compare health care access, health outcomes, and health behaviors by sexual orientation and pregnancy status while controlling for demographic characteristics and socioeconomic status.Results
Approximately 3% of reproductive-age sexual minority women were pregnant. Pregnant sexual minority women were more likely to have unmet medical care needs owing to cost, frequent mental distress, depression, poor/fair health, activity limitations, chronic conditions, and risky health behaviors compared with pregnant heterosexual women. Nonpregnant sexual minority women were more likely to report barriers to care, activity limitations, chronic conditions, smoking, and binge drinking compared with nonpregnant heterosexual women. Health outcomes were similar between pregnant and nonpregnant sexual minority women, but pregnant sexual minority women were more likely to smoke cigarettes every day compared with other women.Conclusions
This study adds new population-based research to the limited body of evidence on health and access to care for pregnant sexual minority women who may face stressors, discrimination, and stigma before and during pregnancy. More research and programs should focus on perinatal care that is inclusive of diverse families and sexual orientations. 相似文献13.
Ashley C. Lima William L. Jeffries Hui Zhang Kudon Guoshen Wang Donna Hubbard McCree 《Women's health issues》2018,28(4):358-366
Background
Black women who are positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are more likely than other HIV-positive women to experience poor health outcomes. Given these disparities, we compared receipt of HIV testing and other preventive services among Black, White, and Hispanic women participating in HIV prevention programs funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 2015.Methods
Data came from 61 health department jurisdictions and 123 community-based organizations. Using Wald χ2 tests, we assessed racial/ethnic differences in HIV testing by demographic characteristics, risk factors, HIV status, HIV service delivery, and (using unlinked data) participation in evidence-based HIV prevention interventions among women. We also assessed temporal changes in Black women's receipt of preventive services (2012–2015).Results
In 2015, there were 1,326,589 HIV testing events (single sessions in which one or more HIV tests are performed to determine HIV status) that occurred among Black, White, and Hispanic women, resulting in 4,868 positive diagnoses. Proportionally fewer Black (vs. White and Hispanic) women were linked to HIV medical care within 90 days (64.4% vs. 69.1% and 73.7%), interviewed for partner services (50.4% vs. 54.4% and 63.5%), and referred to risk reduction services (55.5% vs. 57.7% and 59.8%). From 2012 to 2015, HIV testing events among Black women decreased by 15.2%, but linkage to care within 90 days increased by 30.6% and participation in one or more evidence-based intervention increased by 46.8% among HIV-positive Black women.Conclusions
Black HIV-positive women were less likely than White and Hispanic women to receive services that prevent HIV-related morbidity and mortality. Additional programmatic efforts are needed to increase the proportion of HIV-positive Black women who are linked to services to reduce HIV disparities among women. 相似文献14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
Martina T. Caldwell Hwajung Choi Phillip Levy Vanessa K. Dalton Dawn Phillips Misra 《Women's health issues》2018,28(4):306-312
Introduction
Women using emergency departments (ED) or urgent care facilities for their usual care may lack access to contraception. This study examined the relationship between effectiveness of current contraception use (highly effective/effective methods vs. less effective/no method) and usual source of care in the clinic (referent group), urgent care, ED, or none among U.S. reproductive-aged females at risk for unintended pregnancy.Methods
Using the National Survey of Family Growth, we conducted logistic regression analyses using pooled, as well as age- and insurance-stratified, data.Results
Less effective/no contraception was associated with ED (odds ratio [OR] = 1.9 [95% CI = 1.3, 3]) and no usual source of care (OR = 1.5 [95% CI = 1.3, 1.8]) in the unadjusted logistic regression. Adjusting for confounders, no usual care source was marginally associated with less effective/no contraception use (OR = 1.2 [95% CI = 1.0, 1.4]; p = .041). Adjusted age- and insurance-stratified analyses revealed that less effective/no contraception was associated with the following: no usual care source for 15 to 19-year-olds (OR = 2.5, [95% CI = 1.5, 4.1]); ED usual care source for 20 to 25-year-olds (OR = 2.2, [95% CI = 1.0, 4.5]; p = .038); ED usual care source for Medicaid/Children’s Health Insurance Program-insured (OR = 2.0, [95% CI = 1.0, 3.7]; p = .042); and ED usual care source for any publicly-funded insurance (adjusted OR = 2.1, [95% CI = 1.1, 3.8]).Conclusion
Overall, use of less effective/no contraception did not vary substantially by usual source of care. Stratified analyses showed some groups of women with ED usual source of care (20 to 25-year-olds, Medicaid/Children’s Health Insurance Program insurance, or any publicly-funded insurance) and no usual care source (15 to 19-year-olds) had higher odds of using less effective/no contraception. 相似文献19.
20.
Chemical compounds activating innate responses may present potential adjuvants for the vaccine development. Levamisole (LMS), demonstrated as a potent adjuvant for DNA and viral killed vaccines in our previous studies, may activate such responses. To confirm this notion, LMS combined with the recombinant HBsAg (rHBsAg) was investigated. Compared to the vaccination with rHBsAg alone, LMS could up-regulate the expressions of TLR7&8, MyD88, IRF7 and their downstream pro-inflammatory cytokines including IFN-α and TNF-α, which promote DCs activation. Strikingly, we find that the combination of LMS and alum adjuvant synergistically enhances immunogenicity of rHBsAg and leads to a robust cell-mediated response demonstrated by the higher level of IgG2a/IgG1, T cell proliferation, and importantly, a high level of antigen-specific CTL and IFN-γ production within these activated CD8+ T cells. The achieved robust responses are at a comparative level with CpG + alum used as a positive control adjuvant in mice. The combination of LMS + alum with rHBsAg may provide a cost-effective, safe, and effective therapy to treat those individuals chronically infected by HBV, since antigen-specific cellular immunity is implicated for the clearance of HBV chronic infection. 相似文献