超声引导经皮细刀头氩氦刀靶向冷冻治疗肝癌

目的:探讨经皮细刀头氩氦刀靶向冷冻治疗肝癌的有效性及安全性。方法:从2006年6月至2007年6月,广东省佛山市第一人民医院在超声引导下采用Cryo Hit氩氦刀147mm细刀头对26例原发性肝癌、15例复发性肝癌和13例转移性肝癌总共105个瘤灶（直径0.8～12.0cm）经皮靶向冷冻治疗。每3～6个月复查血清肿瘤标记物、B超、CT或MR评价瘤灶坏死情况,采用Kaplan Meier统计分析存活率。结果:原发性肝癌组、复发性肝癌组以及转移性肝癌组术后1年累积存活率分别为81.82%、46.22%和80.21%。术后复查B超、CT或MR均提示瘤灶不同程度的缩小甚至消失,对于直径<3cm的肿瘤完全坏死率达96.2%,直径3～5cm的肿瘤完全坏死率达90.6%,直径＞5cm的肿瘤完全坏死率达28.6%。无出血、胆漏等严重并发症发生。结论:超声引导经皮细刀头氩氦刀靶向冷冻治疗肝癌是继射频、微波之后又一安全、有效的经皮局部消融治疗新方法,其远期疗效还有待长期随访观察。     

超声引导细刀头氩氦刀靶向冷冻治疗肝癌

目的探讨细刀头氩氦刀靶向冷冻毁损治疗肝癌的疗效。方法在超声引导下采用Cryo—Hit氩氦刀对27例肝癌经皮或开腹靶向冷冻治疗，其中原发性肝癌10例，复发性肝癌11例，转移性肝癌6例。结果27例冷冻治疗后无肝破裂、出血、胆漏等并发症发生。12例术前AFP值增高者（36．5—1200μg／L），术后AFP下降（8．0—254μg／L），其中6例恢复正常。3例术前CEA值升高，术后均下降，其中2例降至正常。术后随访1—3个月，59．2％（16／27）的病人CT或MR检查提示病灶完全坏死，25．9％（7／27）的病人CT或MR提示病灶有不同程度缩小，但仍见活动病灶。结论超声引导细刀头氩氦刀靶向冷冻治疗肝癌是安全、有效、操作简便，远期疗效还有待进一步观察。     

经皮穿刺氩氦刀冷冻治疗肝癌56例临床分析

目的　探讨氩氦刀冷冻治疗肝脏恶性肿瘤的临床意义。方法　 2 0 0 1年 7月～ 2 0 0 2年6月 5 6例肝脏恶性肿瘤在B型超声引导下行经皮穿刺氩氦刀冷冻治疗。术后患者定期复查血清肿瘤标记物、B型超声检查及CT或MRI。结果　患者肝功能ChildA级 5 0例 ,ChildB级 5例 ,ChildC级 1例。原发性肝癌 4 6例 ,转移性肝癌 10例。小肝癌 (直径≤ 5cm)甲胎蛋白阳性者治疗后转阴占80 % ,甲胎蛋白阴性者治疗后CT或MRI复查病灶完全坏死达 6 1.5 %。转移性肝癌治疗后瘤标降至正常或CT、MRI提示病灶完全坏死者占 6 0 %。结论　氩氦刀冷冻治疗肝脏恶性肿瘤是一种微创、安全、疗效可靠的新方法。对于不适宜行手术治疗的肝脏恶性肿瘤患者是一种有效的微创外科治疗方法。     

经皮射频消融或联合肝动脉、门静脉栓塞化疗治疗原发性及复发性小肝癌

目的探讨经皮射频消融或联合肝动脉、门静脉栓塞化疗治疗原发性及复发性小肝癌的价值. 方法 2001年9月～2004年9月,采用经皮射频消融(percutaneous radiofrequency ablation,PRFA)方法治疗原发性小肝癌(肿瘤直径≤5 cm)11例和复发性小肝癌(肿瘤直径≤3 cm)13例,其中4例原发性肝癌和8例复发性肝癌结合肝动脉及门静脉栓塞化疗.结果在11例原发性小肝癌中,6例肿瘤直径≤3 cm者,MRI或CT提示瘤灶完全凝固性坏死;5例肿瘤直径3～5 cm者,MRI或CT提示4例肿瘤完全凝固性坏死.1、1.5、2年累积生存率分别为100%、85.71%、68.57%.在13例复发性小肝癌中,单发组(7例)MRI或CT提示瘤灶完全凝固性坏死;多发组(6例)共15个瘤灶,MRI或CT提示12个瘤灶完全凝固性坏死.1、1.5、2年累积生存率分别为88.89%、77.78%、64.81%. 结论 PRFA为原发性及复发性小肝癌的治疗提供了一种新的手段,对肿瘤直径超过3 cm以及复发性肝癌结合肝动脉、门静脉栓塞化疗有助于提高肿瘤坏死率,减少复发率,有效提高生存率.     

氩氦刀靶向冷冻术治疗中晚期恶性实体瘤106例临床分析

目的研究氩氦刀靶向冷冻术治疗中晚期恶性实体瘤的疗效和安全性。方法我院自2001年4月-2003年12月利用氩氦刀为106例失去手术根治时机的恶性实体瘤患者实施冷冻切除术。结果106例患者经氩氦刀靶向冷冻术治疗后1个月，生活质量有所改善，Karnofsky评分为60～90分，平均70分。CT检查肿瘤出现坏死。术后3个月复查CT肿瘤明显缩小。术中、术后不良反应轻。生存期有所延长。结论氩氦刀靶向冷冻术为不能手术切除的中晚期恶性实体瘤患者提供了一种较好的治疗方法。     

氩氦刀联合肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗肝癌（附388例病例分析）

目的 探讨氩氦刀冷冻消融联合肝动脉插管化疗栓塞（transcatheter hepatic arterial chemoembolization,TACE）治疗肝癌的疗效及其影响因素.方法 自2000年8月至2008年4月,388例肝癌患者接受了氩氦刀治疗,平均年龄为（53.6±12.9）岁,超声引导经皮穿刺完成353例;CT引导经皮穿刺完成35例.氩氦刀后TACE治疗1次者77例;治疗2次者143例;治疗3次或3次以上者168例.结果 388例肝癌患者成功完成了氩氦刀治疗,完全消融者119例;部分消融者269例;生存率分析显示：氩氦刀＋TACE治疗的1、2、3和5年总生存率分别为70.4%、52.3%、23.5%和7.5%;对于肿瘤最大直径为3.0～5.0 cm、5.1～10 cm或〉10.0 cm的患者,3年生存率分别为36.9%、24.9%和3.2%;氩氦刀完全消融和部分消融的患者3年存活率分别为67.2%和4.1%.用COX回归作变量筛选,肿瘤大小、肝功能分级、有无肝硬化对其生存率具有较大影响,P〈0.05.结论 对于不能手术切除的肝癌,氩氦刀＋TACE是较理想的选择,治疗效果较好,安全性高.肿瘤大小、有无肝硬化、乙型肝炎表面抗原是否阳性以及肝功能状况对治疗效果有明显影响.     

氩氦靶向冷冻术在中晚期肝癌综合治疗中的应用

目的 探讨氩氦靶向冷冻综合治疗中晚期肝癌的疗效。方法 应用美国恩多凯尔公司生产的氩氦超导手术系统(Endocare Cryocare System,氩氦刀)对80例中晚期肝癌分别采用B超或CT引导经皮穿刺氩氦靶向冷冻切除术，术中直视下B超引导氩氦刀冷冻加手术切除术，氩氦刀联合肝动脉介入栓塞化疗术(TACE)，氩氦刀联合瘤内无水酒精注射术。结果 全组无手术死亡及严重并发症，冷冻术后CT影像学上改变CT值明显降低，肿块逐渐缩小，65．0％病人AFP值显著下降，临床症状改善，损伤小、并发症少、恢复快。结论 氩氦靶向冷冻综合治疗肝癌疗效明确，对正常肝组织损伤少，并可产生肿瘤免疫抗体，能弥补单用TACE及瘤内注射无水酒精治疗的不足，具有安全、有效、微创，为目前中晚期肝癌治疗提供一种有效的疗法。     

经皮肝穿刺氩氦刀冷冻治疗第二肝门区小肝癌

目的探讨B超引导氩氦刀冷冻治疗第二肝门区小肝癌的技术可行性、疗效和安全性。方法2002年10月至2006年6月选择肿瘤位于第二肝门区、直径≤5cm、病理或临床证实为原发性或继发性肝癌的8例患者进行氩氦刀冷冻治疗。治疗前甲胎蛋白（AFP）阳性者治疗后定期复查AFP。治疗后1个月复查MRI或CT确定肿瘤是否完全坏死，以后每3个月定期复查。结果AFP转阴率约为75％，MRI或CT显示第一肝门区肿瘤完全凝固坏死率为62．5％。术后0．5、1年无原位复发生存率均为100％、87．5％；血管壁损伤或大出血发生率为0％。结论第二肝门区小肝癌并非氩氦刀冷冻治疗的禁忌症，只要治疗时穿刺点选择恰当、穿刺路径合理、范围控制恰当，对于第二肝门区小肝癌是一种行之有效的治疗方法。     

超卢引导细刀头氩氦刀经皮冷冻治疗乳腺纤维腺瘤的临床研究

目的:探讨细刀头氲氦刀靶向冷冻治疗乳腺纤维腺瘤的临床应用价值.方法:在彩色超声引导下应用Cryo-Hit氩氦刀对23例乳腺纤维腺瘤经皮靶向冷冻治疗.结果:23例冷冻治疗后无感染、休克、血小板减少等并发症发生.术后随访6～24月,彩超检查19例病灶消失,4例病灶缩小约60%,再次治疗后病灶消失;23例乳腺皮肤均无瘢痕存留.结论:彩色超声引导细刀头氩氦刀经皮靶向冷冻治疗乳腺纤维腺瘤是安全、有效、操作简便的一种方法,可以避免常规手术切除遗留瘢痕的缺点.     

超声引导细刀头氩氦刀经皮冷冻治疗乳腺纤维腺瘤的临床研究

目的：探讨细刀头氩氦刀靶向冷冻治疗乳腺纤维腺瘤的临床应用价值。方法：在彩色超声引导下应用Cryo-Hit氩氦刀对23例乳腺纤维腺瘤经皮靶向冷冻治疗。结果：23例冷冻治疗后无感染、休克、血小板减少等并发症发生。术后随访6～24月,彩超检查19例病灶消失,4例病灶缩小约60％,再次治疗后病灶消失;23例乳腺皮肤均无瘢痕存留。结论：彩色超声引导细刀头氩氦刀经皮靶向冷冻治疗乳腺纤维腺瘤是安全、有效、操作简便的一种方法,可以避免常规手术切除遗留瘢痕的缺点。     

Percutaneous computerized tomography guided cryoablation for localized renal cell carcinoma: factors influencing success

PURPOSE: We evaluated the factors that influenced the initial success rate and complication rate of percutaneous computerized tomography guided cryoablation of localized renal cell carcinoma of clinical stage T1N0M0. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 21 patients with a mean age of 71.5 years and a pathological diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma were treated with percutaneous computerized tomography guided cryoablation under conscious sedation on an outpatient basis. We retrospectively reviewed clinical data, tumor characteristics, techniques and results. Tumors with complete loss of contrast enhancement were considered successfully treated. RESULTS: A total of 21 patients with 23 tumors underwent 25 cryoablation sessions. The mean intraoperative computerized tomography scan tumor size was 2.1 cm (range 0.5 to 4.3) and the mean ice ball size was 4.1 cm (range 2.2 to 7.2). Of the patients 82.6% (19 of 23) had a single treatment. Patients were followed with postoperative scans of 4.6 to 18.3 months (mean 12.3). There were 2 recurrences. The rate of successful complete tumor ablation was influenced by various factors. Tumor location and size were the major determinants for achieving tumor eradication. CONCLUSIONS: Percutaneous renal cryoablation using computerized tomography imaging proved to be a successful technique for guiding probe placement and monitoring ice ball formation. Patient selection based on tumor size and location may aid in improved outcomes. Further study and followup are necessary to determine long-term oncological efficacy.     

氩氦刀冷冻消融治疗肝癌

目的观察氩氦刀治疗5 cm以内原发肝癌或肝转移瘤的疗效。方法收集5 cm以内原发肝癌或肝转移瘤患者31例,共39个病灶。所有患者均于CT或超声等影像引导下接受氩氦刀治疗。结果肿瘤消融范围为90%100%,完全消融病灶占69.23%（27/39）。1年和2年存活率分别为90.32%（28/31）、61.29%（19/31）。31例患者均无出血等严重并发症,术中寒战4例（12.90%）;肝区疼痛6例（19.36%）,重度疼痛1例,体表皮肤温度触冰感,CT扫描无出血迹象,生命体征稳定,给予强痛定止痛,效果差,术后2 h疼痛缓解,其余疼痛患者均为中、轻度疼痛,未予处置;术后发热7例（22.58%）,体温37.1238.25℃;无血管、胆管损伤病例;冷冻术后患者的精神状态得到改善,腹部疼痛症状减轻,恢复较快。结论对于不能手术切除的小肝癌和肝转移瘤,氩氦刀消融治疗安全性高、疗效可靠。     

磁共振导航经皮穿刺肝癌冷冻消融治疗27例

目的探讨在开放式磁共振（MRI）监视下采用经皮穿刺方法进行肝癌的冷冻消融治疗的可行性、疗效和安全性。方法2008年1～9月,对27例原发性肝癌在MRI引导下行经皮肝穿刺行氩氦刀治疗2个冷冻、解冻程序,MRI显示冰球扩展并包裹整个肿瘤。冷冻治疗后第10天联合肝动脉灌注化疗栓塞（TACE）5例。结果MRI引导下经皮穿刺冷冻治疗均成功,26例（96.3%）显示冰球扩展并包裹整个肿瘤,呈现边缘清晰的信号暗区,1例冰球不能包裹整个肿瘤。术后随访1～12个月,平均3.5月,甲胎蛋白（AFP）值下降至正常14例（51.9%）,AFP持续升高1例,先降复又升高12例。进行1次以上影像学复查肿瘤完全坏死或无明确存活病灶14例（51.9%）,肿瘤不完全坏死或有存活病灶13例（48.1%）。无严重并发症。结论MRI引导下经皮穿刺的肝脏肿瘤冷冻消融治疗是可行和安全的,疗效确切。     

Magnetic-resonance-guided percutaneous cryoablation of hepatic tumours.

OBJECTIVE: To study the feasibility of percutaneous cryoablation of hepatic tumours monitored by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). DESIGN: Prospective study SETTING: University hospital, Norway PATIENTS: Six patients with hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer. INTERVENTIONS: Percutaneous cryoprobe positioning under general anaesthesia. Positioning and freezing monitored by near-real-time MRI using an open 0.5 Tesla MRI configuration system. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Safety and feasibility of the procedure. Measurement of volumes of cryolesions. RESULTS: One patient developed a biliary leakage that had to be drained. Four patients developed pleural fluid. Two small tumours were adequately cryoablated. In the remaining 4 patients with large (>4 cm) tumours, an adequate cryolesion could not be formed. Cryolesion volumes larger than 105 cm3 were not produced even using 3-4 probes. MRI visualised the growing cryolesion well, but positioning of the cryoprobes was time-consuming. CONCLUSION: MR guided cryoablation is clinically feasible and gives good visualisation of the procedure. Patients with small tumours (<3 cm) seem to be best suited to this percutaneous approach as cryolesion volumes claimed to be adequate for tumour destruction can be produced. Measurement of tumour volume preoperatively may help to select patients who will respond.     

Lateral neck mass as the initial manifestation of thyroid carcinoma

Of 238 thyroid cancer patients, 24 exhibited a lateral neck mass as the initial presentation. Twenty four (77.4%) of 31 metastatic masses were located at the midjugular and lower jugular lymph chains. The average number of histologically proven metastatic nodes was 6.5. Histologically, 22 cases were diagnosed as papillary carcinoma, 1 as follicular carcinoma, and the remaining case as medullary carcinoma. Fifteen thyroid glands were found to have a single primary focus, while 9 others had multiple foci. The mean diameter of the primary foci was 1.2 cm. The rates of detection of primary foci by thyroid scan and ultrasonography were 60% and 37.5%, respectively. Surgical procedures for the thyroid lesions included total or near-total thyroidectomy in 18 cases and lobectomy in 6 cases; for metastatic neck nodes, 13 were treated by modified neck dissection, 5 by standard radical neck dissection, and six by partial neck dissection. All 24 patients were followed for a mean duration of 4.5 years with a range of 2.0 to 7.5 years, and all except 1 are still living. In the presence of a lateral neck mass as the initial manifestation of thyroid carcinoma, no matter what size the primary tumor foci, a total or near-total thyroidectomy appears to be justified in addition to an appropriate neck dissection.     

氩氦刀冷冻消融与射频消融在肝癌治疗中的临床应用

目的探讨氩氦刀冷冻消融与冷循环射频消融(cool-tip radiofrequency ablation,RFA)在恶性肝肿瘤治疗中的临床应用价值。方法超声引导下氩氦刀冷冻消融治疗肝癌38例共42个病灶;经超声引导下RFA治疗肝癌40例共44个病灶,治疗前后经超声造影、增强CT或增强MRI检查明确诊断及评价疗效。结果 42个病灶经一次冷冻消融治疗后32个达完全消融,10例经再次冷冻消融后达到完全消融;44个病灶经一次RFA治疗后完全消融33个,11例经再次RFA后达到完全消融。两者一次完全消融率分别为76.2%(冷冻消融)和75%(RFA),差异无统计学意义。结论氩氦刀冷冻消融和冷循环RFA均能有效地原位灭活肝癌细胞,是有效的非手术治疗恶性肝肿瘤的方法之一。     

小肾癌的影像学诊断(附43例报告)

目的 评价影像学检查在小肾癌诊断中的应用价值。方法 回顾性分析43例经手术及病理证实为小肾癌（直径≤3cm）患者的B超、IVU、CT、MRI等影像学资料。结果 43例小肾癌中，B超诊断恶性肿瘤28例，诊断准确率65．1％。29例行IVU，7例有间接征象（24．1％）。CT诊断恶性肿瘤42例，诊断准确率97．7％。14例MRI检查诊断恶性肿瘤13例，诊断准确率92．9％。结论 影像学检查中CT及CT增强扫描对小肾癌的定性、定位诊断有重要价值。     

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??Value and evaluation of EUS diagnosis of pancreaticobiliary junction lesions XIE Xiao-yan, XU Zuo-feng. Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen, Guangzhou 510080??China
Corresponding author??XIE Xiao-yan, E-mail??xxy1992@21cn.com
Abstract The complex anatomy of the pancreatico-biliary system makes postoperative differential diagnosis of malignancy from benign diseases at this region difficult. Thus??early detection and diagnosis of pancreatico-biliary diseases and accurate staging of periampullary carcinoma are essential for therapy planning and for identification of prognosis. The ability to set the high frequency endoscopic ultrasound transducer at the anterior part of endoscopy in stomach and duodenum and direct proximity to the pancreas and the bile duct, enables accurate preoperative staging of periampullary carcinoma and improves the detection rate of lesions, especially when lesion is too small to be characterized and found by conventional ultrasonography, even by CT or MRI.     

Pilot experience with transhepatic percutaneous renal cryoablation

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Percutaneous renal cryoablation has been shown to be a feasible therapeutic option for small renal tumors. Despite advances in equipment design and imaging capabilities, tumor location can present challenges to the percutaneous approach. We present our pilot experience with transhepatic percutaneous cryoablation of right upper-pole renal tumors. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Three patients aged 75 to 87 years with American Society of Anesthesiologists scores of III or IV underwent transhepatic percutaneous cryoablation between November 2005 and February 2006. Tumor size ranged from 2 to 5 cm. Cryoprobe placement was guided by CT imaging, and two freeze-thaw cycles were used. Additionally, 60-second freeze-thaw cycles were used to assist with hemostasis in the transhepatic tract. RESULTS: The procedure was completed percutaneously in all cases with the patient under conscious sedation. The procedure time ranged from 67 to 167 minutes. Postoperative pain was managed with minimal use of nonnarcotic oral medications. Although one patient developed a moderate perinephric hematoma and required a blood transfusion, no hepatic complications were manifest. Local treatment failure was evident in one patient with a 5-cm mass showing enhancement at follow-up imaging. CONCLUSIONS: Transhepatic access for percutaneous cryoablation of renal tumors is feasible. Limitations include tumor size, as larger tumors may introduce prohibitive risks.