Vertebral mineralization after parathyroidectomy: measurement by quantitative CT

Quantitative CT has been used to document abnormally low levels of vertebral bone mineral in hyperparathyroid states. No one has yet reported an improvement in vertebral bone mineral concentration after parathyroidectomy. Quantitative CT was used to measure mineralization of lumbar vertebral bodies in five women with primary hyperparathyroidism, at the time of surgical resection of a parathyroid adenoma and again 4 months after surgery. Four of the patients had increased vertebral mineralization after 4 months; the increase for the entire group (13%) was statistically significant. In one patient, examined for a third time 8 months after surgery, a continuing increase in vertebral bone mineral concentration was seen. A final examination, obtained 20-33 months after surgery, revealed that in every patient the bone mineral concentration was lower than on the first postoperative study and in some cases was less than the original preoperative measurement. We conclude that a temporary increase in vertebral trabecular mineralization occurs after parathyroidectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism. During the following 3 years, however, this increase is not sustained.     

椎体成形术治疗不愈合的胸腰椎陈旧性骨折疗效分析

目的评价靶向穿刺椎体成形术治疗不愈合的胸腰椎陈旧性骨折的疗效。方法 2013年8月~2014年6月,笔者将32例不愈合的陈旧性椎体骨折患者(男性13例,女性19例;年龄63~82岁,平均73.6岁)分为两组:A组14例,为卧床非手术治疗,B组18例,行靶向穿刺椎体成形术治疗。分别测量并比较两组患者治疗前1d、治疗后1d,1个月及1年病椎前缘压缩率,同时行疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)和Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)评价治疗效果。结果靶向穿刺椎体成形手术组患者疗效优于非手术治疗组患者,术后椎体前缘压缩率较术前有明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。手术组患者的术后VAS和ODI评分优于非手术治疗组,两者差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论对于不愈合的陈旧性椎体骨折,通过定向穿刺,在骨折部位注射骨水泥,增强了骨折椎体的稳定性,明显缓解了患者的疼痛,改善了患者的生活质量。     

Embolisation of vascular lesions of the spinal column in childhood: a report of three cases

We report three cases of embolisation of hypervascular vertebral lesions in children. We embolised two cases of osteoblastoma prior to surgery, and one thoracic vertebral haemangioma. The technique and clinical results are described. We conclude that embolisation of vascular lesions of the spinal column in children is useful preoperatively or to reduce pain in vertebral haemangiomas. Received: 17 July 1995 Accepted: 28 December 1995     

Treatment of painful compression vertebral fractures with vertebroplasty: results and complications

AIM: The aim of this paper is to assess the effectiveness and safety of percutaneous vertebroplasty in patients with focal pain caused by compression vertebral body fractures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Over an eleven-month period 49 patients underwent percutaneous vertebroplasty, of which seven were retreated, for a total of 56 operations on 108 vertebrae. The patients were affected by osteoporotic compression fractures (n=28) or by benign and malignant infiltrative processes (n=21). All of the patients were examined at discharge and later at one week, and one, three, six and nine months after surgery to ascertain the development of the pain and possible changes in the quality of life. The mean length of follow-up was 3.8 months. RESULTS: One week after treatment all patients reported complete disappearance or significant alleviation of the pain. In 8 out of 49 patients (16.3%) there was a reoccurrence of pain; 7 of these patients underwent further treatment at another level with immediate pain relief. After surgery only three patients (6.1%) continued to take non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), whereas prior to surgery all patients were taking pain medication. We also observed an important benefit in the quality of life, in that after treatment all patients reported an improvement in functional abilities, and only three (6.1%) still had to wear a back brace (against 15 in the preoperative period). We only had one serious complication (1.7%) which involved the formation of a subcutaneous paravertebral haematoma, which was resolved in about a week. Eight patients (16.3%) developed transient pain at the site of the puncture or radiculopathy in the days following the operation. In 63 out of 108 of the treated vertebrae (58) there were small asymptomatic leakages of cement outside the vertebral body and in two asymptomatic patients (3.5%) the chest radiograph revealed a small pulmonary embolism of cement. DISCUSSION: Our experience confirms the effectiveness of vertebroplasty in the treatment of pain caused by vertebral fractures. If the indications are respected the improvement of symptoms is often immediate, such as the return of mobility, and patient satisfaction with surgery is higher. The use of appropriate guiding systems limits the number of complications.     

Preoperative percutaneous injection of methyl methacrylate and N-butyl cyanoacrylate in vertebral hemangiomas.

PURPOSETo investigate the usefulness of preoperative percutaneous injections in vertebral hemangiomas.METHODSFour patients presented with complicated vertebral hemangioma (spinal cord compression in three cases, intermittent spinal claudiction in one case). A three-part treatment was performed: initially, arterial embolization in three cases; 1 day later, percutaneous injections of methyl methacrylate into the vertebral body to strengthen it and of N-butyl cyanoacrylate into the posterior arch to optimize hemostasis during surgery; finally, the day after percutaneous injections, decompressive laminectomy and epidural hemangioma excision (when present).RESULTSLaminectomy was performed with minimal blood loss. The epidural component present in three cases was excised without any difficulty. The follow-up (average, 20 months) showed no evidence of vertebral collapse.CONCLUSIONPercutaneous injections of methyl methacrylate and N-butyl cyanoacrylate might be useful before surgery for vertebral hemangiomas.     

Percutaneous vertebroplasty: indications, contraindications, technique, and complications

Percutaneous vertebroplasty is emerging as one of the most promising new interventional procedures for relieving (or reducing) painful vertebra, with the injection of surgical polymethylmethacrylate or cement into vertebral bodies. This imaged-guided technique, originally used to treat vertebral hemangioma, has recently been extended to the treatment of metastases, osteoporotic compression fractures, and vertebral myeloma. It is increasingly being accepted as a main treatment of choice in the management of resistant back pain due to vertebral compression fractures, especially in the elderly individual who is not a candidate for surgery. In this article, we review indications, contraindications, technique, and complications of percutaneous vertebroplasty.     

过伸复位联合单侧入路的椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折

目的观察过伸复位联合单侧入路的经皮椎体成形术(PVP)治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的效果。方法术前牵引垫枕,术中利用骨科手术床行过伸复位,再行PVP治疗。在术前、术后3 d、术后12个月随访时进行疼痛视觉评分(VAS),计算术前、术后压缩椎体高度恢复率。结果 16例20个椎体操作成功,骨水泥向椎体前方渗漏5例,侧方渗漏2例,向椎间盘内渗漏2例,无椎体后方渗漏。VAS评分由术前8.5±1.2降低至2.5±1.4,骨折椎体高度恢复率为(40.1±23.5)%。结论过伸复位联合单侧入路的PVP是治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的有效方法。     

MR化学位移成像技术对脊柱压缩骨折病因的研究

目的:评价MR化学位移成像序列对脊柱压缩骨折病因的鉴别诊断价值.材料和方法:53例(共97个椎体)脊柱椎体压缩行MRI平扫和化学位移序列检查.其中病理性骨折31例(61个椎体,包括转移性肿瘤26例、骨髓瘤1例、结核4例);单纯性骨折22例36个椎体,包括单纯外伤所致15例,骨质疏松7例.病理性骨折者行CT导引下经皮骨穿刺检查或手术病理证实,部分临床证实;外伤或骨质疏松所致椎体压缩骨折均符合临床、实验室检查及MRI表现,部分随访证实.结果:快速梯度回波反相位序列上,41个病理性压缩椎体为高信号,20个椎体表现基本为等或稍低信号;而25个单纯性压缩椎体在快速梯度回波反相位序列上则表现为低信号,11个椎体表现为等或稍高信号,卡方检验P＞0.05.在快速梯度回波正相位序列上,压缩椎体基本上均为低信号.脊柱病理性骨折的反相位/正相位信号比是1.27 /-0.35,而良性压缩骨折反相位/正相位信号比是0.83 /-0.28,经统计分析P＜0.05.结论:化学位移序列在鉴别脊柱单纯性和病理性压缩骨折方面有较高的应用价值.     

纯脑膜动静脉瘘的血管造影及血管内治疗

目的 探讨纯脑膜动静脉瘘的诊断及其治疗效果。资料与方法 对41例纯脑膜动静脉瘘的血管造影表现及血管内栓塞治疗进行回顾性总结、分析。选择性颈内、颈外动脉及椎动脉造影，了解供血动脉及瘘口的部位、血流方向及静脉窦显示情况。诊断明确后，将导管插入靶动脉靠近瘘口行栓塞治疗。41例中，37倒单纯行血管内栓塞治疗，3例栓塞后再行手术，1例先手术再行血管内栓塞。结果 单侧颈外动脉1支血管供血5倒；双侧颈外动脉多支血管供血23例；双侧颈内、外动脉和／或椎动脉的脑膜支同时参与供血13例。瘘口位于海绵窦壁18例，上矢状窦壁7例，横窦壁5例，乙状窦壁3例，脑膜静脉壁3例，皮层静脉壁5例。颈外动脉栓塞治疗有效率87．5％，颈内动脉和／或椎动脉的脑膜支栓塞治疗有效率23．1％。结论 脑血管造影是确诊和研究本病唯一可靠的手段。对单有颈外动脉供血的纯脑膜动静脉瘘采用血管内栓塞治疗是安全、有效的方法。颈内动脉及椎动脉的脑膜支参与供血的情况下，则应对血管内栓塞后再手术为宜。     

28例椎体后凸成形术后邻近椎体骨折的治疗观察

目的探讨骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折(osteoporosis vertebral compress fracture,OVCF)患者椎体后凸成形术(percutaneous kyphoplasty,PKP)后邻近椎体骨折再行PKP、椎体成形术(percutaneous vertebroplasty,PVP)治疗的临床疗效。方法将2012年1月~2015年2月青海省人民医院收治的28例行PKP术后发生邻近椎体骨折患者,随机分为两组,其中再行PVP术患者(A组)16例,男性4例,女性12例;年龄58~89岁,平均69.8岁;同期收治的行PKP术后发生邻近脊椎骨折再行PKP术患者(B组)12例,男性3例,女性9例;年龄56~86岁,平均67.6岁。统计分析A、B组邻近椎体骨折行PKP、PVP术前、术后2d、随访时视觉模拟评分(VAS),以及发生第二次邻近脊椎骨折个数。结果 A组再次手术前、术后2d、末次随访时VAS评分分别为(7.9±1.6)分、(2.0±0.9)分、(2.9±1.1)分;B组再次手术前、术后2d、末次随访时VAS评分分别为(7.8±1.7)分、(2.0±0.7)分、(2.2±0.8)分。两组术后2d、末次随访时VAS评分均明显低于术前(P0.01)。A组末次随访时VAS高于术后2d(P0.05),B组随访时与术后2d的VAS评分无明显差异(P0.05)。末次随访时A组VAS评分高于B组(P0.05),两组间术前以及术后2d的VAS评分均无统计学差异。末次随访时A组有4例发生第2次及以上的邻近脊椎骨折;而B组只有1例发生第2次及以上的邻近脊椎骨折;两组发生的邻近脊椎骨折均位于初发骨折邻近3个脊椎以内。结论骨折邻近3个脊椎是PKP术后好发骨折的部位,PVP和PKP是治疗PKP术后邻近椎体骨折的有效手段;邻近椎体骨折行PKP发生再次邻近椎体骨折的几率比PVP低。     

Vertebral artery trauma: transcatheter embolization

Injuries of the vertebral arteries in four patients were treated by transcatheter embolization. Embolotherapy was performed after incomplete or unsuccessful surgery in three of the patients and as a preventive measure in lieu of surgery in the fourth patient. All procedures were successful and without complications. An injured vertebral artery is usually extremely difficult to approach surgically, but because of extensive collateral blood supply it is usually expendable; therefore, it becomes an inviting target for management by interventional angiographic techniques. Embolotherapy of an injured vertebral artery is easier, faster, and safer than its surgical ligation and, therefore, decidedly superior. With few exceptions, embolotherapy should be considered the preferred method in the management of vertebral artery trauma.     

Bilateral vertebral artery balloon occlusion for giant vertebrobasilar aneurysms

We describe the clinical presentation, radiological and clinical results in six consecutive patients with a giant vertebrobasilar aneurysm treated by bilateral vertebral artery balloon occlusion. Five patients presented with headache and signs of brain-stem compression and one with subarachnoid haemorrhage. In all patients vertebral artery balloon occlusion was performed. In four, this followed successful test occlusion. In one patient, who did not tolerate the test occlusion, a bypass from the external carotid to the posterior cerebral artery preceded definitive vertebral artery occlusion. One patient underwent bypass surgery prior to test occlusion. At 6–22 months follow-up three patients had a good functional outcome and showed unchanged size or shrinkage of the aneurysm on MRI. Three other patients died; one from recurrent haemorrhage, and two probably from delayed brain-stem ischaemia. The presence of two large posterior communicating arteries predicted good functional outcome, which was also related to the clinical condition at presentation, and the degree of brain-stem compression and oedema on MRI. Bilateral vertebral artery balloon occlusion can be considered in patients with otherwise untreatable giant vertebrobasilar aneurysms. If test occlusion is not tolerated, a surgical bypass to the posterior circulation can be considered. Received: 1 December 1999 Accepted: 6 October 2000     

Postoperative bilateral vertebral artery dissection: a case report

With the improvement of medical imaging and surgical techniques, surgery on cervical vertebral is more frequent. Some cases of complications of this type of surgery have been described. We report a case of postoperative bilateral vertebral artery dissection. It concerns a 58 year-old woman who suffered from a left cervico-brachial C6 neuralgia with paresthesiae of the thumb. She underwent discectomy at C5-C6 and C6-C7 followed by setting up intersomatic cages. In subsequent days, an irreversible coma developed. Supra-aortic echographic study revealed bilateral vertebral artery thrombosis. CT scan revealed ischemic lesions of the brain stem and cerebellum. Cerebral death was declared five days after the operation. Autopsy was performed to determine whether death was the consequence of the intervention. The cause of death was determined to be ischemic brain injury of the brain stem and cerebellum resulting from bilateral traumatic occlusion of the vertebral arteries caused by the surgery.     

无框架立体定向机器人引导颈椎弓根螺钉植入的实验研究

目的探讨基于虚拟现实可视化技术的无框架立体定向机器人（CRAS-2型）引导颈椎弓根螺钉植入的可行性。方法 3例成人颅-颈椎标本,以不同单一椎体作为独立目标分别进行1 mm的薄层扫描,不同的椎体图像序列分组在手术规划工作站进行三维重建。然后对标本的颅颈和上位颈椎切开暴露,以完全暴露同一椎体表面突出的、细小的、唯一的（CT上能清晰显示的）骨性标志为准;在目标椎体的薄层CT图像上,选择突出的、容易在标本上识别的唯一性骨性标志作为空间位置注册点,用5个自由度的CRAS-2型无框架立体定向机械臂进行靶点的注册。将目标椎弓根和侧块作为一个容积块对待,在每一个断层平面上对其进行轮廓的逐层标记。在计算机软件的辅助下进行椎弓根的三维容积重建,确定钉头预达点为靶点后,将可能的路径显示在重建的三维模型上,并在容积块内调整选择合适的路径。利用机械臂对骨性注册点在手术空间和图像空间的测量结果,计算机辅助直接将手术空间中实物结构坐标映射变换到图像空间中去;在手术空间中移动机械臂末端的手术导引探针;当手术导引针图像的轴向与预先设计的轨迹重合时锁定机械臂;在机械臂末端的操作把持平台上,严格按照导引方向细钻钻孔后,插入导向钢针,最后CT复查验证导向植入螺钉的准确性。结果无框架立体定向机器人辅助椎弓根螺钉植入25枚（部分标本因为下颈椎缺失,未行椎弓根钢钉植入）,钢钉完全与规划路径吻合,准确率达到100%。结论无框架立体定向机器人引导的颈椎弓根螺钉植入具有精确度高、操作简便、图像引导直观清晰、经济实用等特点,有十分广阔的应用前景。     

Chordoma of the Lumbar Spine Presenting as Sciatica and Treated with Vertebroplasty

The lumbar spine is a less common location for chordoma. Here we describe a 44-year-old woman presenting with pain due to a L4 vertebral expansile lesion that caused significant canal stenosis and neural foraminal compromise. Vertebroplasty was performed and resulted in immediate pain relief. For patients with painful lumbar chordoma who are unwilling to undergo surgery, vertebroplasty can play a palliative role as in patients with other vertebral lesions. Treating pain and stabilizing vertebra by way of vertebroplasty in a case of chordoma has not yet been reported.     

Catheter-directed percutaneous transpedicular C2/C3 vertebroplasty in a patient with fibrous dysplasia using seldinger technique

A 35-year-old man with polyostotic fibrous dysplasia and a massively enlarged skull presented with Lhermitte sensations due to an unstable, mulitseptated, lytic C2/3 vertebral body complex. Enlarged extracranial vasculature made open surgery a high-risk option and limited percutaneous access. A 5F catheter was directed by using a guidewire into the C2/C3 vertebral body complex via a transpedicularly placed biopsy cannula to ensure polymethylmethacrylate deposition throughout the lytic compartments of the vertebral body complex.     

经皮椎弓根螺钉微创治疗胸腰段爆裂骨折的研究

目的：探讨经皮椎弓根螺钉微创内固定（ MIPPSO）治疗胸腰段椎体爆裂骨折的临床效果。方法采用随机数字表法将我院2010年1月～2013年1月收治的55例胸腰段椎体爆裂骨折患者分为微创组（28例）和传统组（27例）,微创组采用MIPPSO法、传统组采用传统切开椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗,比较两组患者术中、术后的治疗效果及随访观察结果的差异。结果微创组的手术时间显著长于传统手术组,术中出血量、术后引流量、切口长度、住院时间均显著小于传统组且差异均具有统计学意义（ P＜0．05）。术前、术后第7天两组患者的视觉模拟评分（ VAS）比较差异不显著,术后1年微创组的VAS评分显著低于传统组（ P＜0．05）;两组患者术前、术后伤椎体相对高度、术后椎体即刻恢复度、椎体高度丢失度、术前Cobb角、术后即刻Cobb角矫正度、Cobb角丢失度差异均不显著（ P＞0．05）。结论 MIPPSO治疗胸腰段椎体爆裂骨折较传统方法创伤小,术后疼痛轻微,同时固定效果与传统手术方法无差异。     

Diastematomyelia with terminal lipomyelocystocele arising from one hemicord: case report

Diastematomyelia is an uncommon spinal dysraphism with midline dorsoventral clefting of the spinal cord. Formation of syrinx cavity within the hemicord, vertebral anomalies and lipomas is known to be associated with diastematomyelia. We present an unusual case of a 4-month-old girl, who presented with diastematomyelia and terminal myelocystocele, and dilatation of the terminal portion of the spinal canal with formation of a cystic structure. Findings were confirmed by subsequent surgery and histopathology. Ectopic right kidney, Chiari I malformation and changes of partial sacral agenesis were other findings noted in this case. No case report of formation of terminal myelocystocele arising from one hemicord was described in the literature we reviewed.     

腰椎间盘突出术后椎体滑脱与复发的影像诊断(附24例报告)

目的：为了提高对腰椎间盘突出术后并发椎体滑脱和椎间盘突出复发影像表现的认识。方法：笔者复习了１００例椎间盘术后因症状未能缓解或有所加重患者的腰椎平片、ＣＴ和ＭＲＩ片。结果：发现１８例因１个或多个椎体半椎板及全椎板切除者发生椎体滑脱。６例椎间盘突出复发（其中２例伴有椎体滑脱）,手术区域疤痕组织增生明显,部分患者有硬脊膜腔受压或受牵拉移位。结论：术后椎体滑脱和椎间盘突出复发的发生,患者症状是否好转,与手术方式和椎板切除多少有关     

Intramedullary spinal cord tumors: MR imaging, with emphasis on associated cysts

Fifteen magnetic resonance (MR) imaging studies in 16 patients with intramedullary spinal cord lesions were correlated with surgical findings in all patients and with results of intraoperative spinal sonography (IOSS) in eight. Tumor extent was defined accurately in all but two patients by MR imaging; these lesions were found at surgery to have been underestimated by one to two vertebral body segments. Most tumors had lengthened T1 and T2 relaxation times. Intratumoral cysts were detected by MR imaging in one of eight cases, and rostral and caudal cysts were defined in only two of ten cases. The poor detection rate is attributed to poor spatial and contrast resolution. Preoperative MR imaging to define the extent of cord enlargement and IOSS to define cystic structures appears to be the optimal method of tumor management pending our further study.