唇腭裂病人口腔卫生及牙周健康状况研究

目的:评估不同唇腭裂类型病人在不同年龄段口腔卫生和牙周健康状况。方法:将268名非综合症性唇腭裂病人按年龄分为6~12岁组,13~18岁组;按唇腭裂类型分为唇裂组(CL)、腭裂组(CP)和唇腭裂组(CLP)。分别检则各组病人菌斑指数(PLI)、牙龈指数(GI)、社区牙周指数(CPI)。结果:两个年龄组中,不同唇腭裂病人的平均菌斑指数、平均牙龈指数、CPI指数无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两个年龄组之间,唇腭裂病人的平均菌斑指数无统计学意义(P>0.05),而平均牙龈指数、CPI指数有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:唇腭裂病人的口腔卫生状况在不同年龄、类型之间无显著差异,唇腭裂类型不是影响唇腭裂病人牙周病的主要因素,而年龄是其主要影响因素。因此,应加强唇腭裂病人口腔疾病的早期预防和治疗。     

The status of oral hygiene in cleft lip, palate patients after surgical correction

The cleft lip and palate patients usually present a number of problems viz. altered oral anatomy leading to changes in oral physiology diminishing the self-cleansing ability of individual. The handicapped children are unable to maintain their oral hygiene properly. The present study was formulated with the aim that does normalization of oral anatomy have its effect on improvement of oral hygiene? An assessment of oral hygiene index-simplified was performed between preoperative and postoperative values in the same patient at KGMU and KGDU. A total of 50 cases were recorded in two groups of 25 each: (i) 6 years. The observations are statistically analyzed by paired 't' test to get the significance of results. Results: The data analyzed showed the significant decrease in oral hygiene indices observed in both groups. A relative significance in oral hygiene status following surgery was observed. Both groups expressed greater significance when compared pre and postoperatively which is indicative of considerable improvement of oral hygiene after surgical correction. The study concludes that oral hygiene improves more in older cleft lip-palate cases following reconstruction of palatal vault, premaxilla and anterior lip seal by secondary bone grafting method when compared with oral hygiene indices results in primary periosteoplasty cases. The surgical correction of cleft lip palate enhances self-cleaning ability and better compliance to maintain oral hygiene in children as the age advances.     

唇腭裂患者口腔卫生及牙周健康状况的调查研究

目的 调查我国各年龄段唇腭裂患者口腔卫生及牙周健康的现状、特点及与普通正畸患者之间的差异。方法 对唇腭裂患者及年龄匹配的普通正畸患者各80例，其中6～11岁30例、12～15岁27例、16～25岁23例，进行口腔卫生及牙周健康的检查及口腔卫生保健的问卷调查。结果 各年龄阶段的唇腭裂患者全口的牙周状况与对照相比均无统计学差异，但12～15岁、16～25岁组的唇腭裂患者全口的口腔卫生差于对照，12～15岁组的唇腭裂患者的口腔保健行为差于对照组；裂侧附近的牙齿的茵斑指数高于非裂侧及对照组，且在16～25岁组表现出探诊深度大于非裂侧及对照组。结论 不同的年龄阶段有不同的口腔卫生及牙周状况的特点。应该根据其特点，进行不同的口腔卫生指导及保健；应加强唇腭裂患者口腔健康的教育，强调裂侧附近牙齿的清洁及定期牙周栓查的必要性。     

Comparison of caries prevalence in two populations of cleft patients.

OBJECTIVE: To assess and compare the oral and dental status and the level of oral health care among Polish and German patients with cleft lip and palate treated in ?ód? and Erlangen, followed by an assessment of the level of realization of oral care procedures. DESIGN: Oral and dental status were assessed by the presence of dental plaque and caries lesions. Parents of each patient completed a questionnaire related to frequency of tooth brushing, frequency of dental visits, and the use of means with increased fluoride content. SETTING: Department of Dentistry for Developmental Ages, Medical University of ?ód?, ?ód?, Poland, and Department of Orthodontics, University of Erlangen-Nuremburg, Erlangen, Germany. PATIENTS AND INTERVENTION: Thirty-seven Polish patients were examined between February and April 2004. Sixty-three German patients were examined between October 2004 and August 2005. RESULTS: In Erlangen, decayed teeth = 1.625, missing teeth = 0.014, and filled teeth = 2.39. In ?ód?, decayed teeth = 2.5, missing teeth = 0.09, and filled teeth = 0.75. Among the subjects with Approximal Plaque Index scores <40%, the Decayed-Missing-Filled-Teeth Index was significantly higher in Polish than in German patients. In the total population of patients, a positive correlation between the value of the API Index and caries intensity was recorded. Declared parents' answers did not copy the actual oral cavity status. Conclusions: Caries prevalence in each group was much higher than in the general population and significantly higher among Polish than German cleft patients. Programs for cleft children promoting oral health, especially aimed at plaque control, are recommended in the early stages of the children's lives.     

Periodontal disease and oral hygiene in Arussi province, Ethiopia

A dental health survey was conducted in the Arussi province in Ethiopia. The survey comprised 1,700 persons between 6 and 54 years of age in five age groups from four regions of the province. Findings concerning periodontal disease and oral hygiene are reported in the present paper. The onset of periodontal disease was early, with 60% of the children in the 6-7 year group having gingivitis. In general, periodontal disease was found in a majority of the surveyed population (83%). Severe periodontal destruction was, however, unusual before the age of 30, but at the age of 45-54 years 52% of the sample exhibited pocket formation. The level of periodontal disease in Ethiopia was judged as low to moderate. A close relationship was observed between oral cleanliness and periodontal condition. A possible favorable influence of the diet and traditional oral cleaning methods is conceivable.     

Periodontal status of HIV-seropositive and AIDS patients.

Few reported studies have evaluated the periodontal status of individuals infected by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The majority of these reports have evaluated the periodontal status of individuals presenting to dental care facilities due to oral problems. These reports suggest that severe gingival inflammation and attachment loss are often associated with HIV seropositive patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the periodontal status of HIV seropositive patients without biasing the data towards those presenting to dentists with oral problems. Sixty-three consenting male patients presenting to the infectious disease clinic at the Medical College of Virginia Hospitals were examined to determine the status of their periodontal health. Gingival index, plaque index, pocket depths, and attachment loss were determined using standard indices. Participants were first grouped according to the modified CDC Classification System for HIV infection and then categorized according to HIV risk factors for purposes of statistical analysis. No significant differences could be found in the gingival or periodontal status of subjects who were HIV seropositive versus those with AIDS. Periodontal status was also not significantly different for individuals based upon risk group. Periodontal health of the participants was similar to the general population (HIV status unknown). This would indicate that, although HIV gingivitis and HIV periodontitis have been documented in a number of HIV-infected patients, the frequency of affected individuals is less than previous reports would suggest.     

唇腭裂患儿口腔健康状况调查

目的：调查唇腭裂患儿的口腔健康状况及发病规律。方法：对１１２ 例２．５～６ 岁唇腭裂患儿的口腔健康及卫生状况进行调查,内容包括龋病情况、乳牙釉质发育情况、乳牙牙体畸形和口腔卫生状况的调查。结果：唇腭裂患儿乳牙龋均为２．４１;牙釉质发育缺陷占６．８９％ ;牙体畸形占２．０２％ ;菌斑指数≥２者占４４．６％ 。     

Periodontal disease and oral hygiene habits in a type 2 diabetic population

To cite this article:
Int J Dent Hygiene 9 , 2011; 68–73
DOI: 10.1111/j.1601‐5037.2009.00439.x
Commisso L, Monami M, Mannucci E. Periodontal disease and oral hygiene habits in a type 2 diabetic population. Abstract: Objectives: Periodontal disease is a serious oral health problem that is observed in patients with diabetes mellitus. The aim of the present study is to observe the oral health condition in a diabetic type 2 population in connection with glycaemic control and lifestyle. Materials and methods: A questionnaire was distributed to 118 patients in a centre for diabetics to collect information, such as date of birth, year of onset of diabetes, diabetic parameters, pharmacological therapy and oral hygiene habits. An oral examination was conducted to evaluate the presence of plaque, calculus, tooth mobility, caries and gingivitis. In a sub‐group scaling and root planning (SRP) was completed. Results: Thirty‐one of 118 patients were edentulous and were excluded from the main analysis. Nearly 60% of patients presented dental plaque and gingivitis. A statistically significant difference in patients with or without a glycaemic control was only observed in women. Patients treated with SRP had significant better oral health and a slight reduction of HbA1c. Conclusion: Poor oral health care was observed in the diabetic population. The high risk of periodontal disease needs the attention of dental hygienist.     

Periodontal status of patients with reduced immunocapacity.

The periodontal status of patients with reduced immunocapacity was assessed. Gingival inflammation, periodontal destruction, and plaque accumulation were compared in three groups--renal transplant patients, dialysis patients, and normal individuals. The levels of all parameters were similar in the three groups indicating that immunosuppression does not affect the clinical appearance of periodontal disease when measurements are made in a single examination. In the transplant group, however, there is a lack of correlation between P.I. and G.I. and between P.I. and P.D.I., indicating a dissociation between plaque accumulation and the tissue response. Long-term longitudinal studies of periodontal disease in such patients are needed in order to obtain more meaningful information on the role of the immune system in affecting the rate of periodontal destruction. This study suggests that nonimmune mechanisms such as the direct effect of bacterial products on supporting tissues can account for at least some of the clinical manifestations of periodontal disease.     

Periodontal disease, tooth loss, and oral hygiene among older Americans

Recent research has suggested that susceptibility to destructive periodontal disease may not be as universal as was previously thought. This report analyzes data from a representative national sample of 11 338 American adults aged 25-74, examined in a national survey in 1971-74. Results showed that 46.1% of those aged 65-74 were edentulous, but half of the dentate persons in that age group were diagnosed as free of destructive periodontal disease. Periodontal (PI) and oral hygiene (OHI-S) index scores in this group were significantly better in those persons who had lost fewest teeth. When persons aged 65-74 who retained 25 or more teeth were compared with younger adults who also had 25 or more teeth, OHI-S and CI scores were similar. It is hypothesized that maintenance of oral hygiene levels corresponding to OHI-S scores of 0.3-0.6, and calculus levels corresponding to CI scores of 0.1-0.2, is sufficient to maintain a dentition free of periodontal disease throughout life. Slightly higher OHI-S levels (0.7-1.3) and CI levels (0.3-0.6) might be compatible with acceptably low levels of periodontal disease.     

Periodontal treatment needs and oral hygiene for institutionalized individuais with handicapping conditions

Forty-five patients aged 3 to 22 who have handicapping conditions were examined to determine their oral hygiene leveis and periodontal treatment needs. This study shows that oral hygiene leveis for males and the older population were higher. Periodontal treatment needs were highly correlated to oral hygiene, and were much higher for males and older age groups.
Various aspects were discussed and it was concluded that primary prevention is an immediate, although a partial solution. However, new aids and antibacterial solutions should be further investigated in this population to simplify plaque removal.     

Periodontal status in patients with oral lichen planus: a study of 90 cases

OBJECTIVE: This study was carried out to relate periodontal status to the oral lesions in patients with oral lichen planus (OLP). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Periodontal status was evaluated in 90 patients with OLP and in 52 controls, in terms of the plaque index (PII), simplified calculus index (CIS) and periodontal disease index (PDI). RESULTS: No significant differences were observed between the two groups as regards the different periodontal indices. The plaque and calculus indices were higher in the more extensive forms of OLP (P = 0.02 and P = 0.012, respectively), and in the presence of gingival involvement (P = 0.004 and P = 0.04). A significant association was also observed between the presence of atrophic-erosive lesions and increased periodontal deterioration (P = 0.037). CONCLUSIONS: Increased plaque and calculus deposits are associated to a significantly higher incidence of atrophic-erosive gingival lesions in patients with OLP.     

Facilitating oral hygiene in patients with chronic schizophrenia.

Ten patients with chronic schizophrenia and with poor maintenance of dental hygiene were instructed, using a variety of motivational and reinforcement techniques, to improve oral hygiene. Results indicated significant changes in several of the most maladaptive behaviors.