水性聚氨酯-石墨烯纳米复合材料的等温结晶动力学

通过溶液共混法制备了水性聚氨酯-石墨烯(WPU-FGNs)纳米复合材料。采用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)研究其等温结晶过程,运用Avrami方程和Arrhenius方程对WPU-FGNs纳米复合材料的等温结晶动力学进行分析。结果表明:WPU-FGNs纳米复合材料的等温结晶过程基本符合Avrami模型;随着结晶温度的提高,复合材料半结晶时间(t_1/2)和绝对结晶度均增加。当结晶温度为287 K时,FGNs的质量分数从0.1%提高到1.0%,复合材料的结晶焓(ΔH)从-16.88 J/g增加至-35.38 J/g,WPU的结晶活化能为-0.74 kJ/mol;当FGNs的质量分数为0.1%时,复合材料的结晶活化能为-1.25 kJ/mol;当FGNs的质量分数为1.0%时,复合材料的结晶活化能为-0.83 kJ/mol。     

对-(丙烯酰氧乙氧基)-苯甲酸-对′-硝基苯酯在液晶态下的聚合动力学研究

本文合成了一种新的液晶化合物——对-(丙烯酰氧乙氧基)-苯甲酸-对′-硝基苯酯(NPAEB),其液晶相温度范围为35～78℃。研究了NPAEB在液晶态下的自由基聚合动力学,并与液态下的自由基动力学进行了比较,液晶态下的聚合活化能为47.9kJ/mol,而液态下为108kJ/mol。氧气对液晶态下的自由基聚合也存在着缓聚作用。NPAEB的聚合物为一液晶玻璃,其T_g=34℃。     

粘结剂炭的氧化动力学研究

两种粘结剂炭的氧化动力学实验表明，粘结剂炭氧化反应属一级反应。850℃、1000℃制备的中间相沥青（NJ8）的表现活化能分别为107.90kJ/mol和170．60kJ/mol，而酚醛树脂炭的表观活化能分别为65．01kJ/mol和97．63kJ/mol。可见中间相沥青（NJ8)炭的抗氧化性明显优于酚醛树脂炭。     

含硅芳炔树脂及其共混物熔体的流变性能

采用旋转黏度计和流变仪考察了含硅芳炔树脂（PSA）和含炔丙基苯并噁嗪（P BZ）共混改性PSA树脂熔体的流变行为,建立了树脂黏度 组分 温度的数学模型。结果表明,P BZ共混改性PSA树脂可使树脂的加工窗口变宽,树脂在90~130 ℃的黏度随温度升高而下降,PSA树脂的熔体黏度随P BZ的加入而降低,P BZ的加入提高了PSA树脂的加工适用性;PSA树脂的黏度可通过加入P BZ和升高加工温度进行预测和调控。PSA及其改性树脂的动态流变行为显示树脂熔体呈牛顿流体,P BZ降低了PSA树脂熔体的储能模量和复数黏度。用双阿仑尼乌斯方程对PSA及其改性树脂在160～190 ℃的等温黏时曲线进行拟合,得到的经验模型表明当PSA树脂共混入质量分数为10%的P BZ时,树脂的凝胶时间延长,而树脂凝胶固化活化能从84.50 kJ/mol降至54.83 kJ/mol。     

FeCl_3溶液浸取辉锑矿工艺过程的研究——Ⅱ.浸取动力学

在60～100℃、粒径180μm～55μm、FeCl_3溶液浓度0.5～2.0 mol/L范围内,研究了辉锑矿的浸取动力学,并获得了动力学参数。浸取反应的表观活化能为67 kJ/mol,反应速率对C_(FeCl_3)来说是2/3级。浸取反应为化学反应控制。     

一种高残炭新型苯并噁嗪树脂的固化及热解动力学

首先基于Glaser偶合反应制备了一种含共轭二乙炔结构的新型苯并噁嗪单体（CoP-a）,然后通过热固化反应得到该单体的聚合物（P（CoP-a））。通过差示扫描量热分析（DSC）和热重分析（TG）对单体的固化反应动力学及聚合物的降解行为进行了研究,采用傅里叶红外光谱（FT-IR）及核磁共振（NMR）对单体结构进行了表征。结果表明,该聚合物在800℃氮气中的残炭率高达75.6%。基于Kissinger法和Ozawa法计算得到,CoP-a的固化反应活化能分别为106.2 kJ/mol和108.8 kJ/mol,P（CoP-a）的热降解活化能分别为343.4 kJ/mol和338.1 kJ/mol。该树脂具有良好的反应活性及较高的热稳定性。     

氰酸酯树脂改性热固性丁苯树脂的固化及其动力学

利用傅里叶变换红外光谱法(FT-IR)和差示扫描量热法(DSC)研究了氰酸酯树脂改性热固性丁苯树脂的固化反应特性及其动力学。以温度升温速率外推法计算得到固化反应起始温度(Ti0)、峰顶温度(Tp0)和终止温度(Tf0)分别为414.2、444.5、460.6 K,对改性树脂的固化过程进行优化。采用FreemanCarroll模型计算得出不同升温速率（β）下的反应级数和反应活化能,结果表明：当β<5 K/min时,固化反应级数和反应活化能分别为1.2和155.1 kJ/mol;当β≥5 K/min时,固化平均反应级数和反应活化能分别为2和188.7 kJ/mol。     

固体热分解动力学机制的研究

利用热失重技术,以碳酸钙为模型物质,进行了样品质量为2.52～18.37mg、升温速率为2～20℃/min的不同条件下的非等温热分解研究。对改进的积分法和Coats-Redfern方法的计算结果进行了对比。确定了碳酸钙热分解速率受相界反应控制的机制,热分解的活化能为250～370kJ/mol,频率因子为2.65×10~(10)～3.49×10~(19)。研究了升温速率和样品质量对碳酸钙热分解的影响以及热分解过程的补偿效应规律。     

三角图示法合成性质集成水网络

以聚硫橡胶（PS）、聚四氢呋喃（PTMG）、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯（DPMDI）为原料,制备聚硫聚氨酯（PS/PU）复合材料。研究了G4、G112、G21C不同型号聚硫橡胶及其质量分数对聚硫聚氨酯复合材料结构和热力学性能的影响,进行了红外分析、差示扫描热分析（DSC）,通过TGA确立了热降解活化能。结果表明：G4和G21C型聚硫橡胶改性的聚氨酯具有更好的热稳定性能,其降解活化能可达171.36 kJ/mol。     

降冰片烯二甲酸酐的晶形转变特征及其动力学

采用DTA、偏光显微镜、X-射线衍射仪等对降冰片烯二甲酸酐(NA酐)的相态和相变进行了分析,发现并证实了NA酐在92℃时由针状晶体转变成树枝状晶体,主要在2θ=16.86°时产生一个极强的衍射峰。NA酐的晶形转变焓、熵分别为16.7 kJ/mol、45.8 J/k·mol;用双变量线性逼近的方法得到的转变动力学参数为:表观级数1.01,表观活化能341 kJ/mol,频率因子4.38×10~(48)s~(-1)。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.