Elective laparoscopic colonic resection for diverticular disease

Background: We undertook a retrospective multicenter study of elective laparoscopic sigmoidectomy for diverticulitis in order to assess the safety and the results of the procedure performed by a large number of surgeons. Materials and methods: Between January 1998 and April 1999, the French Society of Laparoscopic Surgery recruited retrospectively 179 patients from 10 surgical units, operated on for elective laparoscopic sigmoidectomy. There were 94 men and 85 women with a mean age of 58 years (range, 30–82). The indications for surgery were acute attacks in 123 cases, complicated diverticulitis in 47 cases, and miscellaneous in 9 cases. Results: The performed procedure was a successful laparoscopic assisted sigmoidectomy in 154 cases (with totally intracorporeal anastomosis in 136 cases and hand-sewn anastomosis via small incision in 18 cases). The mean operation time was 223 min ± 79 (range, 100–480). There was no mortality and 23 complications occurred in 23 patients (14.9%). Postoperative ileus lasted 2.5 ± 0.9 days (range, 1–6), and oral intake started after 3.3 ± 1.3 days (range, 1–12). The mean postoperative stay was 9.3 days (range, 4–50). Conversion to laparotomy was necessary in 25 cases (13.9%). The essential causes of conversion were obesity, severe adhesions, and colonic inflammation. The mean postoperative stay for the 25 converted patients was 13 ± 8.5 days (range, 7–42). Conclusion: Elective laparoscopic sigmoidectomy for diverticulitis is feasible and is safe. The complication and mortality rates are similar to those observed after open procedures. For experienced surgical teams, laparoscopic colonic resection is a good approach for selected patients suffering from symptomatic diverticulitis.     

腹腔镜结直肠手术56例临床分析

目的:探讨腹腔镜手术治疗结直肠疾病的临床经验。方法:回顾分析56例腹腔镜结直肠手术的临床资料。结果:50例手术获成功。中转开腹6例,原因为恶性肿瘤侵袭广泛,腹腔镜下手术困难,其中升结肠癌1例,直肠癌4例,盲肠癌1例。腹腔镜手术时间平均180min,其中9例良性疾病平均120min。56例患者术后1~3d下床活动。术后胃肠道功能恢复时间平均58h,其中9例良性疾病平均48h。术后住院天数平均10d,9例良性疾病平均7.5d,47例恶性疾病平均10.5d。全组无术中大出血及术后吻合口漏发生,术后切口感染2例,会阴部切口感染2例。35例随访3~30个月,3例结直肠癌吻合口复发。结论:在腹腔镜下行结直肠疾病创伤小,患者康复快,近期效果好。     

腹腔镜下全结肠切除治疗多原发结肠癌3例

目的:探讨腹腔镜下全结肠切除术的可行性和安全性。方法:回顾分析腹腔镜全结肠切除术3例的临床资料。3例均为多原发结肠癌,在腹腔镜辅助下行全结肠切除术,并行肿瘤区域淋巴结清扫、回肠直肠吻合术。结果:3例手术顺利完成,无中转开腹,无手术死亡。平均手术时间300min(270～330min),平均出血量110ml(80～150ml),辅助切口平均长度6cm(5～7cm),平均术后住院8d(7～10d),无手术并发症。术后随访3例患者6～18个月,其中1例术后2个月出现肝内多发转移癌和脾转移癌,行B超介入射频治疗和静脉联合化疗后至今存活。结论:腹腔镜辅助全结肠切除术治疗多原发结肠癌安全可行,近期疗效良好。     

前腹壁悬吊腹腔镜辅助下婴儿先天性巨结肠根治术的研究

目的 探讨前腹壁悬吊（免气腹）腹腔镜辅助下婴儿先天性巨结肠（HD）根治术的特点。方法 用气囊导尿管充生理盐水1．5～2．0ml前腹壁悬吊行13例前腹壁悬吊腹腔镜辅助下婴儿HD根治术，比较了13例免气腹组和17例CO2气腹组手术中血流动力学参数和量化手术效果参数。结果 气腹组在术中因腹内压增高可以致血流动力学参数平均动脉压（MAP）、PaCO2、心脏指数（CI）、HCO3^-发生显著性变化，前腹壁悬吊组则保持稳定的参数值。两组在手术效果上差异无统计学意义。结论 前腹壁悬吊腹腔镜辅助下HD根治术其前腹壁提拉装置构思新颖。实用性强，具有安全性，可行性，大大减少了由于腹内高压对血流动力学参数的影响，该手术方法值得在临床上推广。     

Simultaneous laparoscopic resection of colorectal cancer and synchronous metastatic liver tumor

Laparoscopic colorectal resection has been applied to advanced colorectal cancer. Synchronous liver metastasis of colorectal cancer would be treated safely and effectively by simultaneous laparoscopic colorectal and hepatic resection. Seven patients with colorectal cancer and synchronous liver metastasis treated by simultaneous laparoscopic resection were analyzed retrospectively. Three patients received a hybrid operation using a small skin incision, 2 patients underwent hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery using a small incision produced for colonic anastomosis, and 2 patients were treated with pure laparoscopic resection. The mean total operation duration was 407 minutes, and mean blood loss was 207 mL. Negative surgical margins were achieved in all cases. Mean postoperative hospital stay was 16.4 days. No recurrence at the surgical margin was observed in the liver. For selected patients with synchronous liver metastasis of colorectal cancer, simultaneous laparoscopic resection is useful for minimizing operative invasiveness while maintaining safety and curability, with satisfying short- and long-term results.     

Transumbilical single incision laparoscopic sigmoidectomy for benign disease

Background  Transumbilical single incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) has made its initial forays into clinical minimally invasive surgery. SILS combines in part the cosmetic advantage and decrease parietal trauma of natural orifice surgery, but allow operative realization with standard and validated laparoscopic instruments. We report here the first clinical transumbilical SILS sigmoidectomy for benign disease.
Method  Preliminary experience with transumbilical single incision laparoscopic surgery (or embryonic natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery) sigmoidectomy in a female patient (34 years, BMI 22 kg/m²) with sigmoid stenosis caused by nodular endometriosis was reported. Transumbilical SILS treatment of pelvic endometriosis was performed during the same operation through cauterization.
Results  Transumbilical single incision laparoscopic sigmoidectomy was feasible with conventional laparoscopic instruments. The combined uses of straight and articulated laparoscopic instruments allow the avoidance of transparietal sling suture for exposition. Operative time for sigmoidectomy and endometriosis therapy was 125 min. No intra-operative or postoperative complications were recorded. SILS achieved excellent cosmetic results and may be associated with accelerated recovery.
Conclusion  Transumbilical single incision laparoscopic sigmoidectomy is feasible by experienced laparoscopic surgeons using conventional laparoscopic instruments and staplers. The combined uses of strait and articulated instruments allow transumbilical SILS sigmoidectomy without the need for additional incision or transparietal sling suture. SILS sigmoidectomy may have the clinical advantage over NOTES of offering the safety of laparoscopic colectomy and the avoidance of vaginal access. It has to be determined if SILS offers benefit to the patient, except in cosmesis, compared with standard laparoscopic sigmoidectomy.     

腹腔镜结直肠手术40例学习曲线分析

目的:探讨外科医师如何尽快掌握腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术。方法:回顾分析2006年5月至2009年6月我院为40例患者行腹腔镜结直肠手术的临床资料,按手术先后次序分为4组,每组10例,以每10例手术患者为一手术学习曲线阶段,比较各阶段的手术时间,术中出血量,术中、术后并发症发生率,中转开腹率,术后住院时间,分析不同阶段的手术效果。结果:4组患者在年龄、性别、手术方式等方面无明显差别。手术时间A组(300±20.4)min,1例中转开腹,B组(180±11.5)min,C组(180±21.2)min,D组(130±18.1)min(P<0.001)。术中出血由(100±13.5)ml降至(50±11.5)ml(P<0.05),术后住院天数由18.4d降至14.3d(P<0.05)。4组均无术中、术后并发症发生。结论:行腹腔镜结直肠癌手术约30例后即可达到较熟练程度。     

结肠镜、腹腔镜联合切除结直肠肿瘤的临床研究

目的:探讨结肠镜与腹腔镜联合切除结直肠肿瘤的临床疗效。方法:经病理诊断为结直肠肿瘤患者24例,按肿瘤良恶性分成A、B两组。A组于腹腔镜监视下,经结肠镜切除直肠腺瘤4例,结肠间质瘤2例,结肠腺瘤样息肉7例。B组在结肠镜指示下,经腹腔镜切除结肠癌7例,直肠癌4例。结果:A组患者平均手术时间为(15±3.4)min,术后发生肠道出血2例,无肠穿孔病例。B组患者均在腹腔镜下完成肿瘤切除术,平均手术时间为(129±17.5)min,术后无切口感染或吻合口漏。A组患者术后第3天痊愈出院,B组术后第9天痊愈出院。结论:结肠镜与腹腔镜联合切除结直肠肿瘤可以优势互补,是安全可行的。     

腹腔镜辅助结直肠恶性肿瘤手术10例报告

目的:探讨腹腔镜辅助结直肠恶性肿瘤手术的可行性、手术方法及应用价值。方法:回顾总结2004年3月至2004年8月用开腹腹腔镜辅助行结直肠恶性肿瘤手术10例的临床资料。结果:10例均在腹腔镜辅助下顺利完成手术,无中转及手术死亡病例。手术平均时间175min,术中平均失血83 ml,术后肠功能恢复时间平均为2.3d。手术切除淋巴结平均为18个。随访1-6个月,未见切口种植及吻合口复发。结论:腹腔镜辅助结直肠恶性肿瘤手术具有创伤小,术后恢复快等优点,可以取得与开腹手术同样的根治效果。     

完全腹腔镜结直肠切除术20例报告

目的:探讨完全腹腔镜结直肠切除术的手术方法、适应证及其安全性和应用价值。方法:回顾分析2007年4月至2008年11月我院为20例患者行完全腹腔镜结直肠切除术的临床资料。结果:行完全腹腔镜全结肠部分直肠切除术2例,次全结肠切除术1例,乙状结肠癌根治性切除术6例,乙状结肠癌姑息性切除术1例,直肠癌根治性切除术10例。术中平均出血116.5ml,平均手术时间183.5min,术后平均住院8d,无严重并发症发生。随访1～19个月无复发。结论:完全腹腔镜结直肠切除术切口小,应用于全结肠部分直肠切除、乙状结肠癌、直肠癌根治术,近期疗效良好,远期疗效有待研究。     

Hand-assisted laparoscopic low anterior resection

Background: Laparoscopic low anterior resection for rectal cancer has never gained wide acceptance among general surgeons, mainly due to the technical difficulties encountered during pelvic dissection. It has therefore been stated that these patients should undergo open rather than laparoscopic surgery. Hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery (HALS) is a new technique that has the potential to overcome many of the existing limitations of pure laparoscopy. In the treatment of rectal cancer, HALS could reproduce an operative setting similar to that of the open approach. Methods: To assess the technical feasibility of hand-assisted laparoscopic low anterior resection for rectal cancer and evaluate potential benefits and drawbacks of this new procedure, a pilot study was conducted at a university hospital on 16 consecutive patients during a 12-month period. Only patients with extraperitoneal rectal cancer were included in this series. Patients' clinical data, operative time, conversion rate, complications, and early outcome measures were prospectively examined. Results: There were 9 men and 7 women. The average ± SD operation time was 238 ± 38 min. Conversion to open surgery was never required. Ten of 16 patients were off pain medication on the third postoperative day. Eight were able to walk the day after surgery. Three minor postoperative complications were recorded. Mean postoperative stay for patients without complications was 5.6 ± 1.4 days. Conclusion: From a technical standpoint, the reported hand-assisted procedure makes pelvic dissection during laparoscopic low anterior resection almost equivalent to the laparotomic operation. The incision for hand access that is needed with this technique does not seem to compromise the quick recovery of patients undergoing purely laparoscopic procedures.     

Hand-assisted laparoscopic colon mobilization for esophageal reconstruction

Background: New techniques for hand-assisted laparoscopic colon surgery have been adopted quickly for the treatment of numerous colorectal diseases. However, reports of laparoscopic colonic mobilization for esophageal reconstruction are rare. In this report we describe an improved procedure for esophageal reconstruction with transverse colon. Methods: From January 1999 to April 2001, we recruited seven patients (5 women and 2 men) who acquired esophageal stricture after swallowing hydrogen chloride or lye. The mean age of the patients was 42.7 years. For surgery, the patients were placed in lithotomy position under single-lumen intubated anesthesia. First, hand-assisted laparoscopic colon mobilization was performed with the assistance of the Harmonic Scalpel (AutoSuture Company, Norwalk, CT, USA) through a 7-cm upper abdominal incision. Then using cervical esophagocolostomy through the retrosternal route, coloenterostomy and colocolostomy were achieved. Results: The mean operative time was 3.9 h (range, 3.2–5 h). The mean hospital stay was 9.1 days (range, 8–13 days). Mean blood loss was 100 ml (range, 50–350 ml). All the patients obtained successful outcomes. There was one mild abdominal wound infection, and no surgical mortality. At this writing, the seven patients can eat solid food very well after a mean follow-up period of 18.2 months. Conclusions: Hand-assisted laparoscopic colonic mobilization for esophageal reconstruction is a safe and feasible operation for treating patients with esophageal stricture.     

基层医院开展腹腔镜结直肠手术的体会(附10例报告)

目的:探讨基层医院开展腹腔镜结直肠癌手术的可行性和安全性。方法:2006年6月至11月我院为10例患者行腹腔镜结直肠癌手术,其中乙状结肠切除术3例,Dixon手术5例,Miles手术2例。结果:10例均顺利完成手术,平均手术时间210min,术中平均出血180ml,术后肠道功能恢复时间平均28h,术后平均住院9d,淋巴结清扫数5~16枚。无手术死亡、中转开腹及并发症发生。结论:腹腔镜治疗结直肠癌具有创伤小,出血少,肠功能恢复快,住院时间短,术后并发症少等优点。只要能熟练掌握结直肠解剖特性,开展腹腔镜结直肠癌手术是安全可行的。     

Management of obstructive colorectal cancer with endoscopic stenting followed by single-stage surgery: open or laparoscopic resection?

BACKGROUND: About one-third of patients with colorectal carcinoma present with acute colonic obstruction requiring emergency surgery. Current surgical options are intraoperative lavage and resection of the colonic segment involved with primary anastomosis, subtotal colectomy with primary anastomosis, colostomy followed by resection, and resection of the colonic segment involved with end colostomy (Hartmann's procedure) requiring a second operation to reconstruct the colon. These procedures present risks and a poor quality of life. Endoscopic colonic stent insertion can effectively decompress the obstructed colon, allowing bowel preparation and elective resection. METHODS: The authors present their experience managing 31 patients with obstructing colorectal cancer who underwent endoscopic colonic decompression with self-expanding metallic stents. A total of 16 patients were treated with open resection, and 6 underwent a laparoscopic resection. The remaining 9 patients were managed with endoscopic palliation and adjuvant therapy. Of the 31 patients, 17 were treated with postoperative chemotherapy. RESULTS: The mean interval between stenting and surgery was 11 days (range, 1-21 days). There was no intraoperative morbidity. The incidence of postoperative morbidity was 20% for open surgery and 0% for laparoscopic surgery. The mean postoperative hospital stay was 13 days for the open surgery group, and 7 days for the laparoscopic group (p = 0.003). The hospital mortality rate was 3.2%. Follow-up evaluation was completed for 96% of the patients. The minimum follow-up period was 15 months. All the patients in the palliative group died of disease, with a median survival of 3 months. Of the 22 surgically treated patients, 17 (77%) are alive at this writing. CONCLUSION: This initial experience shows that after successful endoscopic stenting of malignant colorectal obstruction, elective surgical resection can be performed safely. The presence of the endoluminal stent does not prevent a laparoscopic approach. The combined endoscopic and laparoscopic procedures are a less invasive alternative to the multistage open operations and offer a faster recovery.     

Gasless laparoscopically assisted colonic surgery.

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic technique has been applied to a variety of colonic and rectal operations, generally using carbon dioxide insufflation (CDI). However, CDI is inevitably associated with cardiopulmonary loading and can cause complications. The objective of this study was to determine the feasibility of gasless laparoscopic colonic surgery. METHODS: The abdominal wall was lifted up using an originally designed retractor. A small incision, 3 to 5 cm in length, was made at the start of the operation. The surgeon operated through this incision using both conventional and laparoscopic instruments. RESULTS: Operations were undertaken in 67 patients. In 6 patients (9%), conversion to open surgery was necessitated. In the remaining 61 patients, operations were completed with gasless laparoscopically assisted technique. Four reoperations (7%) were performed because of postoperative bleeding, anastomotic rotation, anastomotic stricture, and transmesenteric hernia. Fifty-three patients with colonic cancer were operated on with potentially curative intent. Of these, 1 (2%) developed hepatic recurrence during the mean follow-up period of 23.8 months. There was no port site recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Gasless laparoscopic colonic surgery is technically feasible. CDI is not necessary to perform minimal access surgery.     

腹腔镜结直肠癌手术的临床对比研究

目的：探讨腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术的可行性。方法：2006年4月至2009年10月施行腹腔镜结直肠癌手术21例,传统开腹手术25例,对比两组患者的临床资料,总结腹腔镜手术的技术特点。结果：腹腔镜组2例中转开腹,占9.5%。腹腔镜组出血少[（90±25）ml vs.（150±40）ml,P〈0.05],肠道功能恢复快[（2.4±1.0）d vs.（3.6±1.8）d,P〈0.05],住院时间短[（13.5±4.2）d vs.（17.6±5.8）d,P〈0.05],住院总费用明显多于传统手术组,手术并发症少（2 vs.7,P〈0.05）,两组手术时间、手术切除的肿块大小和清扫淋巴结数量差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。随访期内两组局部复发率、转移率及术后死亡率差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论：腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术安全、有效,值得推广。     

初期开展腹腔镜辅助结直肠肿瘤手术的临床体会

目的:探讨初期开展腹腔镜辅助结直肠肿瘤手术的安全性和有效性。方法:总结我院初期开展腹腔镜辅助结直肠肿瘤手术12例患者的临床资料。结果:12例中成功完成10例,无脏器损伤、大出血、吻合口漏等并发症发生,手术时间180~590min,术中出血80~200ml,切口平均长5cm;48h内患者下床活动,术后30~78h肛门排气;术后住院8~16d;切除的肠段和肿瘤距切缘符合肿瘤切除原则。结论:初期开展腹腔镜辅助结直肠肿瘤手术选择良性肿瘤、不超出Dukes C1期的恶性肿瘤或需姑息性切除的恶性肿瘤病例,手术是安全有效的。     

单孔腹腔镜结直肠肿瘤手术实践经验及技巧

通过回顾应用单孔腹腔镜行结直肠肿瘤的手术治疗,包括乙状结肠切除术、右半结肠切除术、横结肠切除术、直肠癌前根治术、结肠造瘘术等术式。总结单孔条件下手术操作的特点和规律,探讨单孔腹腔镜行结直肠肿瘤手术的经验及技巧。结果显示各种术式操作顺利,取得满意的微创和美容效果。单孔腹腔镜结直肠手术是可行的,并具有其独有的特点。     

休克型输卵管妊娠腹腔镜手术临床分析

目的 :探讨腹腔镜手术用于治疗低血容量性休克的可行性和安全性。方法 :以 14例低血容量性休克患者为观察组 ,同期随机选择 30例无休克者为对照组 ,比较 2组腹腔积血量 ,手术时间 ,手术方式及术后住院天数。结果 :2组腹腔内出血量分别为 (15 16 6 7± 385 73)ml与 (15 0 75± 10 6 5 3)ml(P <0 0 5 ) ;手术时间 (5 9 17± 11 4 9)min与 (4 4 5± 14 2 3)min(P >0 0 5 ) ;住院天数分别为 (4 33± 0 98)d和 (4± 0 92 )d(P>0 0 5 )。两组患者术后均无并发症发生 ,恢复良好。除观察组 1例为输卵管保守性手术外 ,余均行输卵管切除术。结论 :只要有熟练的手术技巧和良好的麻醉监护 ,腹腔镜手术治疗低血容量性休克是可行的     

腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术的可行性及近期疗效分析

目的:探讨腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术的可行性及近期临床疗效。方法:回顾分析2010年3月至2013年10月92例结直肠癌患者的临床资料,其中28例行腹腔镜手术,64例行传统开腹手术,对比分析两组患者术中出血量、切口总长度、肛门首次排气时间、人均止痛次数、术后下床活动时间、住院时间、手术时间、术后并发症等指标。结果:腹腔镜组术中出血量、切口总长度、肛门首次排气时间、人均止痛次数、术后下床活动时间、住院时间优于开腹组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。清除淋巴结数量、术后并发症两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但腹腔镜组术后并发症发生率低于开腹组,腹腔镜手术时间长于开腹手术。结论:腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术具有患者创伤小、康复快、住院时间短等优点,其手术疗效与开腹手术相当,值得临床推广应用。其适应证的掌握是循序渐进的过程,随着学习曲线的完成、技术水平的完善、手术经验的积累及腔镜设备的改进,手术适应证会逐步扩大。