Oral health disparities between ranks in a military environment: Israel Defense Force as a model

Some studies have demonstrated a relationship between occupational status and position in the workplace to use of dental services and oral health status. Ranks symbolize social status in the military hierarchy, which is different from that accepted in civilian workplace. OBJECTIVE: This study was aimed at analyzing differences between officers and noncommissioned personnel in regard to dental treatment needs and use of dental services. METHODS: One-thousand, one-hundred thirty-nine personnel of the Israel Defense Force were examined, using DMFT (decayed, missing, filled permanent teeth and CPITN (community periodontal index of treatment needs indices to define oral health status. A questionnaire was used to calculate utilization rates. RESULTS: Noncommissioned personnel had on average 50% more unmet caries treatment needs, and 19.1% of them suffered from deep periodontal pockets. No differences were demonstrated in utilization rates CONCLUSIONS: Military rank influences oral treatment needs the way civilian organizational structure does with the exception of utilization rates of dental services.     

Oral health of ambulatory care patients

OBJECTIVES: This project assessed the clinical oral health status of Veterans Administration (VA) patients and examined the relationship between oral health and both sociodemographic factors and dental care utilization. METHODS: Data were collected on 538 users of VA ambulatory medical care. Oral health was assessed by clinical examinations, and dental use and sociodemographic information are based on self-report. RESULTS: Younger, more educated VA patients with higher incomes had more teeth, fewer untreated and treated root caries, and were less likely to be edentulous or to have dentures. Dental utilization emerged as the most important aspect of veterans' oral health status, even after sociodemographic factors were controlled. Compared with the general population, veterans have poorer oral health with the exception of coronal caries. CONCLUSION: Compared with national studies, VA patients appear to have worse oral health. The importance of sociodemographic factors and dental utilization that has been found in other studies applies to veterans' oral health as well.     

辽宁省特殊教育学校学生口腔健康状况的调查比较

目的探讨具有智力障碍、肢体障碍、聋哑盲人群的对口腔健康知识知晓情况、口腔保健行为执行情况,以及龋病、牙周疾病等发生情况,指导该类人群口腔预防保健。方法通过对辽宁省特殊教育学校202名学生(A组)和沈阳市广全中学同龄202名学生(B组)发放调查问卷,并对口腔健康状况进行检查,了解两组调查对象口腔健康知识和行为的状况,比较其龋病、牙龈炎和牙结石的发病率。结果 A组学生的龋病、牙龈炎、牙结石患病率分别为61.4%、53.0%、31.4%,与B组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论辽宁省特殊教育学校学生的口腔健康状况不佳,需要加强对他们的口腔宣传教育和预防保健,提高其口腔健康水平。     

"和谐使命-2010"任务期间口腔疾病就诊情况分析

目的 初步调查海军护航人员口腔医疗需要,并了解亚非等欠发达国家的华侨和当地民众的口腔健康概况.方法 根据临床检查结果分类记录,并进行统计和分析.结果 阻生智齿和可能由此引起的智齿冠周炎是我海军护航人员最常见的口腔疾病,其次是龋病及其继发病和牙体硬组织缺损.华人华侨的口腔健康状况好于当地民众,当地民众的口腔健康状况相对较差,可以见到罕见病例和常见病中的少见类型.结论 海军护航任务人员需要进行专门的口腔卫生勤务服务,做到执行任务前普查普治.与当地民众相比,华人华侨文化背景和经济收入是其口腔健康状况相对较好的重要因素.不同国家的人均经济收入水平、国家医疗保障制度对当地民众的口腔健康状况有重要影响.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the medical demands of oral health care for naval escort personnel and find out the oral health status of the Chinese, overseas Chinese and local people in the Asian -African underdeveloped countries. Methods Based on the results obtained from clinical examinations, data were recorded, sorted, and analyzed by using Excel. Results Impacted wisdom tooth and resulting pericoronitis was the most prevalent oral disease that prevailed among the naval escort personnel. The less prevalent disease was dental caries and secondary pulpitis and apical periodontitis. Dental hard tissue defect was the last most popular disease. The oral health status of Chinese and overseas Chinese was better than that of the local people. Unusual cases or hardly observed categories of unusual cases were seen among the local people. Conclusions Specialized oral medical service was required for the naval escort personnel, who should have medical screening and receive dental treatment before deployment. When compared with the local people, the cultural background and economic income of the Chinese and overseas Chinese were 2 most influential factors for their better oral health status. Per capita income levels and national heath care system in different countries had great effect on the oral health status of the local people.     

"和谐使命-2010"任务期间口腔疾病就诊情况分析

目的 初步调查海军护航人员口腔医疗需要,并了解亚非等欠发达国家的华侨和当地民众的口腔健康概况.方法 根据临床检查结果分类记录,并进行统计和分析.结果 阻生智齿和可能由此引起的智齿冠周炎是我海军护航人员最常见的口腔疾病,其次是龋病及其继发病和牙体硬组织缺损.华人华侨的口腔健康状况好于当地民众,当地民众的口腔健康状况相对较差,可以见到罕见病例和常见病中的少见类型.结论 海军护航任务人员需要进行专门的口腔卫生勤务服务,做到执行任务前普查普治.与当地民众相比,华人华侨文化背景和经济收入是其口腔健康状况相对较好的重要因素.不同国家的人均经济收入水平、国家医疗保障制度对当地民众的口腔健康状况有重要影响.     

Smoking status and smoke-related gingival melanin pigmentation in army recruitments

This study aimed to define the smoking status and smoke-related gingival melanin pigmentation in army recruitments and was conducted with army recruitments in Sivas. Nine hundred eight subjects were examined. The oral and dental health of those subjects was checked and recorded. The smoking status of the subjects was self-reported and recorded on questionnaires by researchers. The chi2 test and Kruskal-Wallis test were used for statistical analysis. More than one-half of the subjects (54.3%) were primary school graduates and the mean age was 20.2 +/- 0.95 years. The response rate regarding smoking was 100%. Of the respondents, 596 (65.7%) were current smokers, 12 (1.3%) were former smokers, and 300 (33.0%) were never smokers. The gingival melanin pigmentation rate was 27.5% in current smokers and 8.6% in those who never smoked (p = 0.000). Smoking five to nine cigarettes a day appeared to be sufficient to cause gingival melanin pigmentation. The proportion of smokers who had melanin pigmentation did not change after 10 cigarettes a day. A rehabilitation project on smoking prevention and smoking cessation for army recruitments is urgently needed.     

Influence of oral hygiene on oral health of recruits and professionals in the Croatian Army

OBJECTIVES: Good oral health of soldiers would decrease the number of urgent dental interventions and absences from training and the battlefield and would improve the security of the whole formation. This study shows the habits for maintaining oral health and the oral status of the examined population in the Croatian Army. METHODS: The data were obtained from examinations and questionnaires of 912 Croatian soldiers, 650 of whom were recruits and 262 professional soldiers of the Croatian Army land forces. RESULTS: The results showed that the oral health of the examined population was mostly bad, as a consequence of inadequate prevention of illnesses of the oral cavity associated with insufficient oral hygiene. The most common disease was dental caries (5.84 carious teeth per recruit and 2.71 per professional). Only 14 (1.53%) of 912 examinees had completely healthy teeth. Only one-third of the examinees had no bleeding when tested with a periodontal probe. Acute pain of odontogenic origin was present for 23.5% of examinees. Such oral health makes most of the soldiers unreliable for peace operations that would last >6 months, because it lowers their combat readiness. CONCLUSION: Oral hygiene and oral health are poor. Consequently, combat readiness is low because of the need for frequent dental interventions, which could further lead to absence from the field and appointed tasks. The results emphasize the need for obligatory regular check-ups to improve oral health in the Croatian Army.     

Smoking and other factors influencing the oral health of Lithuanian Army recruits

The aim of our research was to determine the prevalence of smoking among Lithuanian army recruits and how smoking and other factors affect oral health. The findings of our research showed that 70% of recruits smoke. The analysis of the research findings showed that smoking had a negative effect on oral hygiene. Especially smoking was harmful with respect to periodontal tissues. The periodontal lesions were more prevalent and severe among recruits who smoked. Smokers had a higher Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs index than nonsmokers. The analysis of the research findings showed that the state of oral health was related to other factors, such as oral hygiene, age, and education. It was determined that the oral hygiene of males living in the countryside and having poorer education was worse than that of males living in the city. Their status of periodontal tissues was worse, and they had more decayed and untreated teeth. The findings of the logistical regression analysis showed that poor education and living in the country, irregular tooth brushing, poor oral hygiene, and smoking were the most important factors related to a great number of untreated decayed tooth surfaces.     

Improving the dental fitness of the British Army by changing the strategy for dental care provision for recruits from a vertically equitable model to a horizontally equitable model

BACKGROUNDd: The dental health of the British Army has been reported as being in decline for the past 10 years, and this is having a significant impact on operations. One of the major factors in the decline is the increasing number of recruits who enlist with outstanding dental treatment needs. The current policy for provision of routine dental care to recruits targets resources toward those with the worst dental health and provides only emergency dental care for the remainder.AIMSs: The goal was to review recruit dental care provision, to determine whether improvements in the overall dental health of the trained Army could be made during recruit training.RESULTSs: It was found that >85% of recruit dental treatment need could be met with the routine provision of 2 hours of dental treatment during training.CONCLUSIONn: A horizontally equitable model of recruit dental care, whereby all recruits access routine dental care during training, has been recommended to and accepted by the chain of command.     

<Superscript>18</Superscript>F-FDG accumulation in the oral cavity is associated with periodontal disease and apical periodontitis: an initial demonstration on PET/CT

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to prospectively investigate the relationship between high accumulation of 2-deoxy-2-[(18)F] fluoro-D: -glucose (FDG) in the oral cavity and dental infections on positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT). METHODS: FDG-PET/CT scans of 103 patients who underwent a health screening were evaluated. The dental examination was performed prior to each PET/CT scan, and dental infections were assessed. Dental infections were classified into six blocks. The severity of dental caries was classified into five grades, and periodontal disease and apical periodontitis were classified into three grades. Two radiologists classified the PET images in the same manner as the dental examination. They evaluated the intensity of FDG uptake by a four-point visual PET image score for each block. The comparison of the dental examination, as a gold standard, and the visual PET image score was performed on a patient or block basis. RESULTS: On a patient-based analysis, 21 of 103 patients (20.4%) showed PET positive findings in the oral cavity; 18 of the 21 patients (85.7%) had dental infections. On a block-based analysis, 25 of 605 blocks (4.1%) showed PET positive findings in the oral cavity; 22 of the 25 blocks (88.0%) had dental infections. On a detailed block-based analysis, a significant difference was observed between the presence of periodontal disease, or apical periodontitis and the positivity of the visual PET image findings (P < 0.01). Their severity correlated with the visual PET image score (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Periodontal disease or apical periodontitis, but not dental caries, caused FDG accumulation in the oral cavity. This finding should be taken into account when a head and neck FDG-PET study is interpreted.     

集束化干预策略在口腔科儿童全麻患者治疗中的应用价值分析

目的 探讨集束化干预策略在口腔科全麻患儿治疗中的应用价值。方法 选取2020年11月1日-2021年7月31日在首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院就诊,需接受全身麻醉下口腔综合治疗的3～6岁患儿共60例患者为研究对象。随机分为干预组30例和对照组30例。两组患儿均在全身麻醉状态下行口腔综合治疗,干预组采用集束化干预策略,对照组采用常规干预策略。比较两组患儿儿科畏惧症、口腔健康知识、治疗情况、治疗效果、患者满意度。结果 干预组患儿术后改良中文版儿童牙科畏惧调查表(CFSS-DS)评分较对照组明显降低（P<0.001）;干预组术前准备时间较对照组减少,差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）;干预组术后口腔健康知识、信念改善较对照组显著（P<0.001）,干预组儿童刷牙及饮食习惯改善较对照组明显,且菌斑指数（plaque index,PLI）下降较对照组有统计学差异（P=0.01）;干预组护理满意度显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。结论 集束化干预策略能够有效缩短术前准备时间,提高全麻治疗效率;增加患儿舒适感,培养患儿口腔健康习惯及观念,提高患儿及监护人就诊满意度。     

某舰护航官兵口腔健康状况调查分析

目的 了解护航官兵口腔健康状况,为采取防治措施提供依据.方法 对某舰护航官兵进行口腔检查,调查官兵龋齿、牙周疾病、第三磨牙阻生及口腔疾病病史和状况,对结果进行分析.结果 某舰护航官兵龋齿、牙周疾病、智齿冠周炎及口腔溃疡的发生率分别为22.7%、80.9%、20.0%及25.2%.结论 护航官兵对口腔卫生保健有需求,应该...     

Dental health promotion and preventive dentistry practices of U.S. Army dentists

In May 1997, all Army dentists assigned full-time to clinical duties (1,100) were sent a mail survey that queried how often they deliver dental health promotion and preventive dentistry services and the type and source of their patient educational materials. By August, 606 dentists had responded. Simple frequencies were generated using SPSS. Results show that tobacco, oral hygiene, and periodontal counseling and oral cancer and blood pressure screening are delivered frequently, whereas nursing caries, mouthguard, sealant, and nutrition services are delivered infrequently. Army dentists relied almost exclusively on oral presentations to deliver health promotion messages. Few used more than one source for health promotion materials. These results suggest that the delivery of dental health promotion and preventive dentistry services in the Army is suboptimal. A campaign to heighten provider awareness of the importance of delivering these services should be launched. The campaign should also teach providers how to make their health promotion efforts maximally effective through the application of proven health marketing techniques.     

Risk for increased utilization and adverse health outcomes among men served by the Veterans Health Administration

Using data from a nationally representative survey, we evaluated the prevalence of multiple risk factors known to predict increased health care utilization and adverse health outcomes, comparing U.S. men who rely solely on the Veterans Affairs Health Administration (VA) for health care to men in the general population. Adjusting for age and race, men who only use the VA were significantly more likely to have multiple socioeconomic and lifestyle risk factors including current smoking. Their self-reported health status was more often fair or poor and they were more likely to report the presence of multiple chronic diseases ranging from arthritis to previous heart attack to poor mental health. Although the finding that VA-only users are at elevated health risk was anticipated, our study now provides nationally representative estimates of the magnitude of these differences and reinforces the importance of accounting for them when making VA to non-VA comparisons.     

Oral health among Dutch elite athletes prior to Rio 2016

Objectives: Elite athletes are at high risk for poor oral health. A screening program to assess oral health and create dental awareness can improve oral health among elite athletes but has not been performed in the Netherlands before. We summarize the first results from such a screening conducted in Dutch elite athletes of the Nederlands Olympisch Committee*Nederlandse Sport Federatie (NOC*NSF, Dutch Olympic Committee).

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 800 Dutch athletes eligible for the Olympic and Paralympic Games in Rio de Janeiro 2016 were invited to a costless and voluntary oral examination. The decayed, missing, and filled teeth-index (DMFT), the basic erosive wear examination (BEWE) and the Dutch Periodontal Screening-index (DPSI) were used to evaluate athlete’s oral health. Information on sociodemographic variables and sport performance were collected in questionnaires.

Results: In total, 116 Dutch elite athletes were included in the study. The median (90%-range) DMFT-score was 3.0 (0.0–16.0), the median BEWE-score was 2.0 (0.0–10.0), and the mean± SD DPSI-score was 2.0 ± 0.73. Oral health-related quality of life was generally high, although only 28.2% of the athletes reported never having problems with their dentition or mouth. In 43% of the athlete’s clinical findings were reported which needed a direct referral to the general dentist.

Conclusion: Oral health in this subsample of Dutch elite athletes was surprisingly affected as almost half of them needed dental treatment. Further research is needed to allow conclusions about oral health in Dutch elite athletes more broadly. However, regular screening of oral health incorporated into the general preventive health care of elite athletes is necessary to ensure athletes are fully healthy during competitions like the Olympic and Paralympic Games.     

中青年冠状动脉粥样硬化危险因素分析

目的探讨中青年健康体检者冠状动脉CT成像特点及与常见心血管病危险因素的关系。方法 2011-03至2011-06在我院健康医学中心行64层冠脉CT（computed tomographic angiography,CTA）检查的60岁以下成人186例,根据CTA结果将健康体检者分为冠状动脉正常组、冠状动脉粥样硬化组。对常见危险因素进行单因素分析及多元Logistic回归分析。结果单因素分析发现,冠状动脉粥样硬化受性别（χ2=22.85,P=0.00）、吸烟（χ2=4.24,P=0.04）、高血压（χ2=5.85,P=O.02）、糖尿病（χ2=5.96,P=0.02）影响;多元回归分析结果表明,性别（χ2=14.77,P=0.00）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（χ2=10.43,P=0.00）、吸烟（χ2=6.38,P=0.01）、年龄（χ2=4.93,P=0.03）、总胆固醇（χ2=4.16,P=O.04）与冠状动脉粥样硬化呈正相关。结论本研究认为,冠脉CTA成像可作为中青年健康体检者冠心病的常规筛查手段;在中青年健康体检者中,吸烟、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、性别和年龄与冠状动脉粥样硬化密切相关。     

符合我国卫生行业标准的健康风险评估问卷的编制

目的编制符合我国卫生行业标准的健康风险评估问卷,为健康管理提供标准风险评估工具。方法参考国际公认健康测量量表建立健康风险评估问卷条目池,采用自定的筛选条目标准和我国卫生行业数据标准对问卷及选项进行筛选和标准化,形成健康风险评估问卷。结果构建了包含298个条目的健康风险评估问卷条目池;按照条目筛选原则,并咨询健康管理领域专家,最终筛选60个条目作为健康风险评估问卷的正式条目,包含10个维度：性别、年龄、婚姻状况等个人一般情况,身高、体重、腰围、胸围、臀围等体格测量情况,饮酒、吸烟、运动等生活方式情况,荤食、素食、嗜盐、嗜糖等饮食习惯情况,家族健康史及个人患病史情况,社会家庭支持,精神心理压力,自我健康意识,自评健康和工作情况。采用我国卫生行业数据标准对问卷及选项进行筛选和标准化后,形成符合我国卫生行业标准的健康风险评估问卷。结论编制的健康风险评估问卷既包括了健康风险评估所需个体信息,又符合国家卫生行业数据标准,在健康管理及相关软件系统研发领域具有较好的应用前景。     

Influence of oral health on combat readiness in the Croatian army

The impact of the acute stomatological conditions on the reducing of the combat readiness is an important responsibility for the military planners. Classification of dental health is the primary condition for research and assessment of the army dental readiness for combat. Clinical examination of teeth and mouth included 912 soldiers, 650 of whom were recruits and 262 active duty military personnel. According to their oral status, the examinees were divided into three classes. Class 1 included all those examinees that did not require any dental treatment or reevaluation within 12 months. Class 2 included all of the examinees whose oral health was such that if regularly controlled or followed up, they were not expected to have a dental emergency within 12 months. Class 3 included all of the examinees that required dental treatment to correct both their dental and oral health because the present condition was likely to cause acute stomatological conditions during the 12-month period. This survey designated 130 (14.3%) of the examinees to class 1,178 (19.5%) to class 2, and 604 (66.2%) to class 3. The combat readiness of the 604 (66.2%) examinees in the third class was reduced because a dental emergency can cause the need for dental treatment. The recruits do not have satisfactory dental status even at the beginning of their army service. Unfortunately, active duty military personnel do not have satisfactory dental status either, although they have access to cost-free dental care (prosthetics and orthodontics are not included). This increases the possibility for development of dental emergencies that would have a negative impact on combat readiness.     

Public health model for Dental Specialty MEDRETE

OBJECTIVE: Dental readiness training exercises constitute one form of a specialty medical readiness and training exercise (MEDRETE). Traditional dental missions have been a part of general MEDRETEs and have focused care on extractions and the provision of oral hygiene instructions. This article describes the tenets of a prevention-based dental humanitarian mission to Honduras in 2002. Materials and METHODS: The U.S. Army Southern Command requested a Dental Specialty MEDRETE for fiscal year 2002. A site visit revealed the absence of water fluoridation, high levels of dental disease, and a desire to have an American dental team perform the dental readiness training exercises at the Escuala Lempira, a low-income elementary school in the Honduran capital city of Tegucigalpa. RESULTS: The U.S. Army Dental Command in conjunction with the 257th Medical Company (Dental Services) performed a pediatric dental readiness training exercises in Tegucigalpa March 4-15, 2002. In over 9 treatment days, there were 369 patient encounters totaling 1,593 treatment procedures. In keeping with the preventive focus of the mission, 514 dental occlusal sealants were provided compared with only 90 extractions. Over dollar 76,000 in dental services was provided. CONCLUSIONS: The 2002 Honduran Dental Specialty MEDRETE represented a changing paradigm from extraction-based dental missions toward prevention-based missions. With this philosophical shift in focused care, Dental Specialty MEDRETEs have the ability to enhance the oral health of children, including those not fortunate enough to have received direct interventional dentistry.     

Dental Trauma and Disease in 34 Professional Athletes

In brief: As part of the preseason general physical examination, 34 football players were given dental examinations. In addition to routine dental caries and gingival inflammation, 18 athletes had dental problems that could potentially interfere with the competitive season: retained root tips, abscessed teeth, pulpally exposed carious teeth, and seriously impacted third molars. Nine players had sustained injuries to the maxillary anterior teeth, many of which could have been prevented by customized mouth guards.