Methods: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) data for 2008–2011 were analyzed. Dietary information from a food frequency questionnaire was utilized. To identify dietary patterns, factor analysis was performed. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry was used to ascertain ASM. To examine the association between dietary patterns and ASM, a multivariable regression model was used after adjusting for potential confounding factors.
Results: Two dietary patterns were identified: Healthy and Western dietary patterns. The Healthy dietary pattern was characterized as high frequencies of intake in vegetables, fish, fruits, seaweeds, legumes, mushrooms, whole grains, potatoes, eggs, dairy products, and red meat. In contrast, the Western dietary pattern was characterized by high intake of red meat, bread, noodles, fast food, rice cake, poultry, and soft drinks. Men showed a significant association between the Healthy dietary pattern and higher ASM, even after adjusting for covariates (p value =0.034).
Conclusion: In this cross-sectional study, we observed that men ages 60 years and older with the Healthy dietary pattern had higher muscle mass. 相似文献
Aim: This study aimed to investigate the effects of dog-assisted intervention on quality of life in nursing home residents with dementia.
Materials and methods: A one-group, pretest post-test study design was used. Quality of life was measured using the QUALID in 59 nursing home residents prior to and after a dog-assisted intervention. Non-parametric tests were used to analyze the data, and effect sizes were calculated.
Results: The participants’ total scores improved significantly between baseline and post-test 1 (p?=?<?0.001) and worsened significantly at post-test 2 (p?=?0.025). The largest effect size was found for the item ‘Verbalization suggests discomfort’ (p?=?0.001).
Conclusion: The results indicate that dog-assisted interventions can have positive effects on quality of life in nursing home residents with moderate to severe dementia.
Significance: The results contribute to a growing knowledge base about non-pharmacological methods that can be used in dementia care. Occupational therapists should consider dog-assisted interventions when planning activities that can reduce the illness burden and improve the quality of life for people with dementia. 相似文献
Aim/Objective: This study aimed to evaluate whether a joint-governance management partnership, between a clinical adult mental health and an employment service, could deliver a sustained IPS program in Australia.
Materials and Method: The methodology entailed a Clinical Data Mining approach, to examine records from seven years of implementation of IPS in one setting within an Australian public mental health service context.
Results/Findings: Despite the prevalence of schizophrenia spectrum diagnoses and an older mean age (39 years), indicating that a large proportion of the cohort had experienced serious mental illness for over twenty years, findings were that 46.3% of participants achieved employment.
Conclusions: This is an excellent result and is comparable to the only randomised control trial, with adult services, in the Australian context, which found a 42.5% employment rate possible under IPS compared with just 23.5% with referral to external employment services.
Significance: More extensive trialling of IPS across clinical services is required, in Australia and internationally, including fidelity protocols, for knowledge translation to be achieved. 相似文献
Aim: This study explored interactions between the illness experiences of adolescents with CFS/ME, their occupational lives and expectations for the future.
Methods: Seven adolescents with CFS/ME were interviewed. The interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis.
Results: Three themes were developed. ‘Being ruled by an unfamiliar and inexplicable body’, which illustrated that altered and strange bodies seemed to separate and disrupt the participants from their former occupational lives. ‘On the sideline of life with peers’, which demonstrated that the informants spent time at home, doing undemanding activities instead of participating in activities with peers. ‘A coherent connection between present and future life’, which was reflected by how the participants eventually accepted their situation and rebuilt a meaningful occupational life and value of self.
Conclusion: CFS/ME made the body unfamiliar and disconnected informants from participating in their usual daily occupations. A coherent interaction between body, occupational life and social self was achieved by taking their new body into account and adjusting their occupations accordingly. This practice enabled the participants to hope for a better future life. 相似文献
Aim: The aim was to describe what patients in palliative care describe as important at the end of life.
Methods: A scoping review was conducted using the inclusion criteria: articles published in 2004-August 2015; written in English; participants?>18 years with life-threatening illness without possible cure; focusing on the patient’s experience.
Results: Seventeen articles were included in the review and they were based on interviews. The theme ‘Continuing occupational participation is important for people at the end of life’ was identified. This included five sub-themes: maintaining previous occupational patterns; feeling needed; being involved in the social environment; leaving a legacy; and living as long as you live.
Conclusions: The results show that continued occupational participation is important for people in palliative care. Occupational therapists can contribute to this by taking a highly person-centered approach and gaining information about what matters most for their clients. 相似文献
Objectives: To examine the effects of the cognitive orientation to daily occupational performance Approach (CO-OP Approach) protocol on occupational performance and satisfaction of Brazilian children who have DCD; to examine whether children could transfer strategies and skills learned during CO-OP to untrained goals.
Methods: A pre-post group comparison design with eight boys aged 6–10 years old. Children participated in 12 CO-OP sessions with their parents twice a week, with an extra session added to the protocol for parents´ orientation. The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure and the Performance Quality Rating Scale were used as outcome measures. The study was registered by the United States Institutes of Health at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03112746).
Results: Intervention resulted in higher, clinically and statistically significant, occupational performance measures according to parents, children’s, and external evaluators’ perspectives. All children improved occupational performance on their selected goals and five children could transfer the ability to use cognitive strategies to tasks not addressed in therapy.
Conclusions: This study provides initial directions for future research to investigate the applicability and to implement CO-OP approach on pediatric settings in Brazil. 相似文献
Aims: This study aimed to assess psychometric properties of an outcome survey tool used at a Norwegian clubhouse, and to explore factors associated with members’ perceived outcomes from participation at the clubhouse.
Methods: A cross-sectional design was used. The instrument’s factor structure was examined with Principal Components Analysis (PCA), and internal consistency was assessed with Cronbach’s α. Associations with the derived outcome scale score were examined with linear regression analysis.
Results: All scale items belonged to the same latent factor, and internal consistency of the items was α?=?0.81. Members, who used the clubhouse more frequently perceived the outcomes from participating to be better, compared to their counterparts.
Conclusion: The outcome scale was unidimensional and the items fit well together. Active members were likely to evaluate outcomes of clubhouse participation as more positive, compared to less active members.
Significance: The scale can be useful for exploring clubhouse members’ perceptions of the outcomes they relate to their participation at the clubhouse. 相似文献
Aim: The purpose of this study was to explore how people with advanced cancer experience that their sense of self is formed through engagement in occupation.
Methods: A total of 28 interviews were conducted with 22 people with advanced cancer. Grounded theory guided the collection and analysis of data.
Results: ‘Occupation as marker of self’ was identified as the core category. Occupations served as markers of the participants’ self (1) by mirroring their abilities and positioning of their self in the illness trajectory; and (2) as means of expressing their self. The core category provided explanations about how the participants’ experiences of occupation influenced their self-perceptions, as explained in the sub-categories ‘defining the self through occupation’ and ‘reassessing self and accepting limitations’.
Conclusions: For people with advanced cancer, engagement in occupation influences their self as current abilities become apparent and positions of their self can be created and expressed. 相似文献
Materials and methods: In this narrative-in-action study four elderly participants were recruited following a mixed purposive and convenience sampling method. Data was gathered at two to three weeks’ intervals over six months, with a follow-up visit at nine months. Qualitative interviews and participant-observations were analyzed using narrative analysis.
Results: This study identified the central meaning of resuming occupations as reestablishing former and establishing new familiarity. Familiarity was expressed in three features, namely as repertoires of occupations fulfilling needs and meanings, as performing occupations according to expectation, and as a resource for dealing with problems of engaging in occupation. What was experienced as familiar could be adjusted to accommodate ones changing needs or situation.
Conclusion and significance: (Re-)establishing familiarity is a new concept representing transitions from an occupational perspective. Facilitating familiarity can assist older persons to experience health and well-being, even while transitioning after an illness or injury. 相似文献
Methods: Fifty-six mother–infant pairs with a maternal diet rich in eggs, green leafy vegetables, and fruit were enrolled between 6 and 16 weeks of lactation. Milk samples and blood samples from both the mother and infant were collected at entry. Maternal 3-day dietary records and a second milk sample were collected 1 to 3 weeks later.
Results: Mean milk lutein concentrations in samples 1 and 2 were 6.5 and 7.7?μg/dL (range 1–22.5?μg/dL), and for zeaxanthin, 1.6 and 1.7?μg/dL (range 1–5.9?μg/dL). Lutein concentrations in infant plasma (18.2?μg/dL) were similar to those in maternal plasma (21.6?μg/dL); zeaxanthin was lower than lutein in both maternal (3.1?μg/dL) and infant (2.9?μg/dL) plasma. Infant and maternal mean plasma lutein and zeaxanthin concentrations were higher than those in both milk samples 1 and 2 (lutein, 6.9 and 8.2?μg/dL; zeaxanthin, 1.9 and 2.0?μg/dL). Infant plasma lutein and zeaxanthin concentrations positively correlated with those in milk sample 1 (lutein, r2?=?0.15, p?=?0.004; zeaxanthin, r2?=?0.21, p?<?0.001).
Conclusions: Together, these results reveal that high milk concentrations of lutein and zeaxanthin driven by healthy maternal intakes of xanthophyll rich foods are associated with high infant plasma concentrations. These findings will be useful for determining appropriate lutein fortification strategies.
Clinical Study.gov registration number: NCT01669655. 相似文献
Methods: We analyzed the most recent data from the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS5-Cycle1, 2017, n?=?3,285). We estimated a weighted multivariable logistic regression model to assess the association between having a regular provider (65.3%) and access to EHR (29%). Control variables were selected based on Andersen’s Behavioral Model.
Results: In the adjusted model, participants with a regular provider had significantly greater access to an EHR (aOR 2.91, p < .001) compared to participants without a regular provider. Participants were more likely to have access to an EHR if they were females (aOR 1.56, p < .01), had a tablet computer (aOR 1.55, p < .05), smartphone (aOR 2.27, p < .01), a former smoker (aOR 1.67, p < .05) or had two or more chronic medical conditions (aOR 1.79, p < .01).
Discussion: Individuals who have a regular provider are roughly three times as likely to have access to services linked to an EHR. Access to an EHR enhances both potential and realized access to many healthcare services.
Conclusion: The availability of a regular care provider impacts the “digital divide.” The expansion of electronic health services intensifies the importance of a regular care provider. 相似文献
Aim/Objective: This research aimed to examine viewpoints on what affects the success of Australian university students with ASD.
Material and Method: Q-methodology was used to describe the viewpoints of university students with ASD, their parents and their mentors, on success at university for students with ASD. A total of 57 participants completed the Q-sort.
Results/Findings: Three viewpoints emerged; Individualised Support, Contextual Support and Social Support.
Conclusions: This study highlighted that supports need to be individualized to the barriers and facilitators faced by Australian students with ASD. Supports also need to be contextualized to the built and social environments of universities.
Significance: This study supports the premise that environmental interventions can be effective in facilitating participation in major life areas, such as university education. Peer mentoring for students with ASD may have utility for this group, but should be extended to include social, emotional and psychological support. 相似文献
Methods: Pregnant women between 12 and 24 weeks’ gestation with depressive symptoms were recruited. Participants were supplemented daily with omega-3 PUFAs capsules containing 1206?mg eicosapentaenoic acid and 609?mg docosahexaenoic acid for 12 weeks. The primary outcome was change in total score on the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD) at 12 weeks after supplementation.
Results: Eight pregnant women in Japan and five in Taiwan participated in the study. A substantial proportion of pregnant women reported high consumption of omega-3 supplements and dietary fish were excluded in Taiwan rather than in Japan sites. The decrease in HAMD score from baseline to 12 weeks after the start of the intervention was significantly larger in Japanese participants than in Taiwanese participants (Wilcoxon rank sum test; P?=?0.045).
Discussion: The improvement of depressive symptoms was smaller at the Taiwan site than at the Japan site. Differences in psychopathology of recruited participants identified by self-rating scales might affect the degree of population heterogeneity and the treatment efficacy. A randomized-controlled trial is needed to confirm these findings.
Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01948596. 相似文献
Methods: Microbiota diversity in CRC tissues (n?=?30) were profiled and compared by high-throughput sequencing with clinicopathological features, including tumor location, differentiation degree, metastasis, and CRC patients’ gender and age.
Results: Many bacteria with significant difference in abundance were identified associated with these clinicopathological features (P?<?0.05). There was a significant difference in microbial composition between right colon cancers (RCa) vs. left colon cancers (LCa), RCa vs. rectal cancers (P?<?0.05). The amount of Fusobacteria was significantly higher in LCa, moderately and poorly differentiated cancers (MPD), and young patients (<60?years), compared to RCa, well differentiated cancers (WD) and elder patients (>60?years), respectively (P?<?0.05). Helicobacter spp. in RCa and MPD patients was significantly higher than in LCa and WD patients (P?<?0.05). Firmicutes in non-lymph node metastasis (LNM) patients was significantly lower than in LNM patients (P?<?0.05).
Conclusion: The different microbiota composition in the CRCs was associated with patients’ clinicopathological features, which could be a consequence of microflora diversity. 相似文献
Design: In-depth interviews in Macedonian with 18 participants from the Macedonian community in Melbourne, Australia.
Results: Nervoza is a layered concept relating shame, emotional experience and nerves, used as an idiom of distress and sadness in the presence of acute and chronic stressors. Nervoza develops in both the social world (through poverty, grief or the loss of war), and in the psyche of distressed and isolated people. It is viewed as dangerous on many levels: to physical health, as a ‘gateway condition’ to long-term psychological illnesses such as depression and schizophrenia, and to the person’s social well-being. The normalised treatment for nervoza in Macedonia – benzodiazepines – is the subject of significant medical control in Australia.
Conclusion: For sufferers of nervoza, the social self is both medicalized and stigmatised. Health services in Australia are often considered marginal in the management of nervoza. Second generation Macedonians viewed the concept as unhelpful, and possibly increasing the stigmatisation of mental illnesses. The lack of knowledge about, and underutilisation of, mental health services and support groups in the Macedonian Australian community should be the focus of community-based inter-generational health literacy initiatives. 相似文献
Aim: The aim of this article is to present a new conceptual framework for community-centered practice in occupational therapy.
Material and Method: The conceptual framework was developed from qualitative multi-case research on exemplars of community participation. The first was, a network of Canadian food security programs, and the second, a rural Australian community banking initiative. Key themes were identified from across the case studies, and cross-case findings interpreted using occupational therapy and occupational science knowledge, and relevant social theory. The outcome is a four-stage, occupation-focused, community-centered practice framework.
Findings: The Community-Centred Practice Framework can be used by occupational therapists to understand and apply a community-centered practice approach. The four stages are: (1) Community Identity, (2) Community Occupations, (3) Community Resources and Barriers, and (4) Participation Enablement.
Conclusions: Further research is needed to trial and critically evaluate the framework, to assess its usefulness as a robust, occupation-focused, frame of reference to guide community-centered practice in occupational therapy.
Significance: The proposed framework should assist occupational therapists to conceptualize community-centered practice, and to utilize and apply theory. 相似文献