山东老年人生活事件应激水平及与心理健康风险关系

目的了解老年人生活事件应激水平及其与心理健康状况的相关性。方法 2015年1月1日—2月28日,采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法,利用课题组自行编制的老年人社会状况调查问卷、症状自评量表、社会支持评定量表、老年人生活事件量表对2 200名≥60岁老年人进行问卷调查,回收有效问卷2 013份。结果山东省2 013名≥60岁老年人生活事件应激得分范围在0~239分,中位数为14.00,四分位数间距为28.00,患有慢性疾病(55.44%)、本人离职退休(31.59%)、本人住院治疗(30.35%)等生活事件发生频率较高;多因素分析结果显示,山东省老年人生活事件应激水平的影响因素包括性别(OR=1.245)、受教育程度(OR=0.659)、婚姻状况(OR=1.786、2.807)、生活自理能力(OR=1.813、1.939)和慢性病种类(OR=2.125~4.810)(均P0.05);生活事件应激水平得分与老年人SCL-90得分呈正相关(r=0.532,P0.01),其中家庭相关生活事件(r=0.481,P0.01)、负性生活事件(r=0.516,P0.01)与老年人心理健康状况相关性最强。结论性别、受教育程度、婚姻状况、生活自理能力和慢性病种类是老年人生活事件应激水平的主要影响因素,且生活事件应激水平越高老年人心理健康状况越差。     

泸州市老年人心理健康状况及影响因素分析

目的随着老龄化问题的突出,老年人心理健康成为社会现实问题。本研究旨在了解泸州市老年人心理健康现状,分析泸州市老年人心理健康的影响因素,为老年人心理健康服务实践提供参考依据。方法采用便利抽样方法,选取2018-10-23-2018-11-08泸州市2个社区≥60岁老年人进行调查。采用基本情况调查表(包括性别、年龄、婚姻状况、居住状况、文化程度、子女数、月收入状况、慢性病情况和家庭关系)及简版心理健康连续体量表(mental health continuum short form,MHC-SF)(成人版)〔包括(情绪性安康、心理性安康和社会性安康)3个维度〕进行问卷调查。由统一培训的调查员进行入户问卷调查。结果回收问卷150份,其中有效142份,有效率为94.67%。MHC-SF总均分(t=28.233,P0.001)、情绪性安康(t=24.255,P0.001)、社会性安康(t=32.329,P0.001)和心理性安康得分(t=17.066,P0.001)均高于国内常模。泸州市老年人婚姻状况(t=2.952,P0.01)、文化程度(F=6.362,P0.01)、子女数(F=4.63,P0.05)及家庭关系(t=-3.998,P0.001)对心理健康影响,差异有统计学意义。多因素线性回归分析显示,自变量对因变量的解释率为26.6%,受教育程度、婚姻状况、子女数及家庭关系是泸州市老年人心理健康状况的影响因素。结论泸州市老年人的心理健康状况较好。教育程度、家庭人际关系与家庭支持对泸州市老年人心理健康的影响大。     

农村留守老人社会支持、应对方式与心理健康现状调查

目的:研究农村留守老人社会支持、应对方式与心理健康现状,为提高农村留守老人心理健康水平提供决策参考.方法:本研究采用问卷调查和访谈法对1487名河南省中南部农村留守老人社会支持、应对方式与心理健康现状及其影响因素进行研究.运用SPSS17.0软件对调查数据进行统计处理.结果:农村留守老人躯体化、强迫症、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、偏执、精神病性因子得分与城市老年人存在统计差异,他们社会支持的获得呈年龄上的阶段性特征,其受教育程度与心理健康总分相关、年龄与精神性病因子相关.他们与城市老年人相比在自责、幻想和合理化3因子的得分差异有统计意义(P＜0.01),农村留守老人在解决问题、求助和退避3项因子分上存在性别差异(P＜0.01),其解决问题的应对方式与SCL-90除敌对因子外的其他各项得分均呈负相关(P＜0.01),其自责、幻想和合理化与抑郁、人际关系和其它等因子呈不同程度的正相关(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).结论:农村留守老人心理健康状况较差;受教育程度、年龄等人口学变量以及社会支持是农村留守老人心理健康的重要影响因素.城乡、性别等因素影响着农村留守老年人的应对方式,这些应对方式进而影响其心理健康状况.     

东港市老年人生命质量影响因素研究

目的了解东港市老年人生命质量状况,并对老年人生命质量影响因素进行分析。方法 2015年5-8月通过分层抽样方法对东港市老年人进行问卷调查,应用健康调查简表(Medical Outcomes Study Short From Health Survey,SF-36)量表对抽取的373名老年人进行健康水平调查,采用克朗巴赫α系数及因子分析方法对量表的信度效度进行评价,采用t检验、方差分析方法对老年人生命质量影响因素进行分析。统计分析软件为SPSS16.0。结果 SF-36量表的克朗巴赫α系数为0.909,因子分析结果表明,因子累积贡献率为70.936%。老年人生理健康(PCS)得分为(70.59±22.54)分,心理健康(MCS)得分为(68.23±19.51)分,统计分析结果显示,睡眠、慢性疾病、年龄、月收入、体育锻炼、精神创伤史及学历因素是老年人生理健康及心理健康的影响因素,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论 SF-36量表在中国老年人生命质量评测中具有较好的信度、效度。提高老年人睡眠质量及经济水平,加强慢性疾病的治疗,并对老年人进行健康教育和心理干预,为其提供体育锻炼的场所和科学指导,可能提高老年人的生命质量。     

成都市某社区老年居民心理健康状况及影响因素分析

目的了解成都市某社区老年居民心理健康状况,探讨影响该社区老年居民心理健康的主要因素,为社区制定老年人心理健康干预措施提供参考依据。方法采用简单随机抽样共抽取调查995名老年居民。结果该社区老年居民幸福感指数得分不高,21.3%的老年居民可能存在心理健康问题。影响老年人心理健康状况的因素包括对社会支持的利用度、文化程度、(离退休前)职业及收入水平。结论应提高对社区老年居民心理健康的重视程度,尤其是低文化程度、(离退休前)职业为农民、低收入的老年居民,应将其作为心理健康干预的重点对象,同时应引导他们主动寻求并积极利用社会支持,提高其对支持的利用度,改善老年心理健康状况,以实现老有所乐。     

64例老年冠心病患者心理健康状况对比研究

目的探讨心理社会因素在老年冠心病发病中的作用.方法应用症状自评量表(SCL-90)、生活事件量表(LES)、ZUNG'S抑郁自评量表(SDS)、A型行为问卷和艾森克人格问卷(EPQ),对64例老年冠心病患者和64例健康老年人进行对比研究.结果:51.56%的冠心病患者有不同程度的心理卫生问题,而健康对照组仅为18.75%;冠心病组SCL-90阳性症状数目明显高于对照组(P＜0.01);LES显示冠心病组总生活事件得分明显高于对照组(P＜0.01);SDS评分值无显著差异(P＞0.05);EPQ调查两组E分差异显著(P＜0.04);A型行为与SCL-90各因子(7因子除外)的相关系数均呈显著正相关(P＜0.05);多因素逐步回归分折显示,负性生活事件对老年人的心理健康影响较大.结论老年人的心理健康状况与其冠心病的发病密切相关.     

城市社区老年人生活质量影响因素调查与分析

目的了解老年人生活质量及其影响因素,为居家养老的老年人开展延续性护理提供依据。方法于2016年6—9月,采用方便抽样选取无锡市3个社区的150名老年人作为研究对象,以世界卫生组织生活质量测定简表及自制量表为调查工具,对其生活质量状况及其影响因素进行调查。调查对象的社会人口学资料采用构成比进行描述性分析,生活质量影响因素采用单因素方差分析,P0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果年龄、职业、经济及婚姻状况对老年人生活质量各个领域得分存在显著影响,对比差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05),其中高龄(≥80岁)、农民工、经济水平较差以及离异老年人群生活质量较其余组差,对比差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论影响老年人生活质量的因素众多,在关注老年人物质生活的同时,不能忽略老年人的家庭心理健康和社会支持。     

农村留守老人心理健康、社会支持与应对方式现状及影响因素

目的研究农村留守老人社会支持、应对方式与心理健康现状和影响因素,为提高农村留守老人心理健康水平提供决策参考。方法采用问卷调查和访谈法对1 487名河南省中南部农村留守老人社会支持、应对方式与心理健康现状及其影响因素进行研究。运用SPSS17.0软件对调查数据进行统计处理。结果不同经济状况的农村留守老人躯体化、强迫症、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、偏执、精神病性因子得分存在统计学差异,他们社会支持的获得呈年龄上的阶段性特征,其受教育程度与心理健康总分显著相关,年龄与精神病性因子显著相关。不同经济状况的农村留守老人在自责、幻想和合理化3因子的得分差异有统计学意义(P0.01),农村留守老人在解决问题、求助和退避3项因子分上存在显著的性别差异(P0.01),其解决问题的应对方式与SCL-90除敌对因子外的其他各项得分均呈显著的负相关(P0.01),其自责、幻想和合理化与抑郁、人际关系和其他等因子呈不同程度的正相关(P0.05或P0.01)。结论农村留守老人心理健康状况较差;受教育程度、年龄等人口学变量以及社会支持是农村留守老人心理健康的重要影响因素;收入状况、性别等因素影响着农村留守老年人的应对方式,这些应对方式进而影响其心理健康状况。     

烟台市社区老年人自测健康及影响因素分析

目的了解烟台市社区老年人自测健康现状,分析影响因素,为该人群的健康促进工作提供理论依据。方法采用整群抽样方法抽取研究对象,应用自测健康评定量表(SRHMS)及自制人口学资料问卷面对面访谈收集资料,共调查社区老年人412人,有效问卷353份;应用SAS9.1进行统计描述和非参数秩和检验。结果不同性别社区老年居民的自测心理健康得分差异有统计学意义(P0.05);不同年龄社区老年居民的自测生理健康、心理健康和自测整体健康得分差异有统计学意义(P0.05);不同文化程度和工作状态社区老年居民的自测生理健康、心理健康、社会健康和自测整体健康得分差异有统计学意义(P0.05);不同民族社区老年居民的自测社会健康得分差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论年龄、文化程度、工作状态是影响烟台市社区老年居民身心健康的因素,性别是影响心理健康的因素,民族对社会支持功能有影响。     

2007年克拉玛依市独山子区老年人心理健康状况及影响因素调查

[目的]了解老年人心理健康状况,分析其影响因素,为老年保健和老人健康提供基础资料。[方法]2007年在克拉玛依市独山子区抽取2个居民区,对本地户籍60岁以上老年人240名进行调查。[结果]调查240人,心理健康总分为满分的79.42%,其中身体方面、心理方面、社会交往方面、尽职责能力方面、自我认知方面得分分别占该项满分的18.67%、30.09%、6.33%、7.98%、16.33%。心理健康得分,不同性别、不同年龄、不同民族、不同婚姻状况、不同可支配收入老年人的差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;有随着文化程度的增高而增高的趋势（P〈0.01）。[结论]独山子区老年人心理健康水平较高。心理健康水平随着文化程度的增高而上升。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.