天津市儿科护士职业倦怠现状及与社会支持的相关性研究

目的调查天津市儿科护士职业倦怠现状,并分析其与社会支持的相关性。方法采用一般资料调查表、职业倦怠量表、社会支持量表对天津市9所三级甲等医院415名儿科护士进行问卷调查。结果职业倦怠各维度中情感衰竭总分为25.19±9.98,去人格化总分为10.70±4.65,个人成就感总分为29.72±9.62,职业倦怠程度较高;社会支持总得分为39.85±8.19,属中等水平,其中客观支持得分为9.53±3.17,主观支持得分为22.22±5.14,社会支持利用度得分为7.60±2.69。相关分析显示社会支持总分及各维度与个人成就感维度均呈正相关(P0.01),与情感耗竭维度及去人格化维度均呈负相关(P0.01)。多元逐步回归分析显示,客观支持、主观支持、社会支持利用度对情感耗竭、去人格化及个人成就感维度均有影响(P0.01)。结论儿科护士职业倦怠程度较高,且儿科护士职业倦怠程度与社会支持之间联系紧密,应加强对儿科护士支持系统的构建,提高儿科护士对社会支持的利用程度,降低对工作的倦怠感。     

新疆某煤矿矿工职业倦怠与社会支持的相互关系研究

目的对新疆某煤矿矿工职业倦怠和社会支持水平进行定量化研究,分析两者之间的内在联系和社会支持作为中介变量对职业倦怠的影响程度,从而为加强煤矿工人心理安全管理提供参考依据。方法采用自填式问卷调查,随机抽取新疆某煤矿200名矿工作为研究对象,采用中文版Maslach通用职业倦怠量表和肖水源编制的社会支持度评定量表对其职业倦怠和社会支持度进行评价。采用SPSS 13.0软件对数据进行统计分析。结果 31~40岁组情绪耗竭表现平均得分最高[(18.2±6.3)分],51~60岁组情感疏离表现平均得分最高[(13.2±6.8)分],51~60岁组缺少成就感表现平均得分最高[(18.6±5.2)分],41~50岁组主观支持及客观支持水平平均得分最低,分别为(6.3±1.6)和(28.4±1.2)分;在社会支持利用度上平均得分最高,为(8.4±2.3)分,不同年龄组在职业倦怠3个维度及社会支持3个维度上表现比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.01);初中组情绪耗竭及情感疏离表现平均得分最高,分别为(16.2±6.4)和(12.3±5.7)分,不同文化程度在情绪耗竭及情感疏离两个维度上表现比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.01);井下组主观支持、客观支持及支持利用度水平平均得分均低于井上组,井下组与井上组在社会支持3个维度上比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.01);学历、工种与职业倦怠之间存在线性关系(r=0.301,P=0.000;r=0.163,P=0.000),年龄与社会支持之间存在线性关系(r=0.290,P=0.000),学历及工种对社会支持的获得有负相关作用(r=-0.129,P=0.001;r=-0.189,P=0.000)。结论年龄、学历、工种是影响职业倦怠及社会支持的重要因素,社会支持各维度与职业倦怠3个维度有着明显的相关关系,广泛的社会支持能够有效缓解工作中的职业倦怠。     

东营地区护士职业倦怠现状及相关因素调查

目的了解山东省东营地区护士职业倦怠的现状与相关影响因素,为预防及减轻护士职业倦怠提供参考依据。方法 2018年2月—2019年2月,使用一般情况调查问卷、职业倦怠量表(MBI)、社会支持评定量表(SRS)和护士压力源量表对山东省东营地区562名护理人员进行调查,并对数据进行分析。结果 (1)东营地区护士职业倦怠各维度得分:情感衰竭25.32±9.27,去个性化7.43±5.62,个人成就感26.76±10.23。(2)东营地区护士职业倦怠现状:职业倦怠阳性人数为510人,阳性率为90.75%。轻度倦怠者的人数共计163人,占29%;中度倦怠者的人数共计239人,占42.53%;重度倦怠者的人数共计108人,占19.22%。(3)不同年龄和护龄护理人员情感衰竭、去个性化和个人成就感维度得分比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05),不同婚姻状况护士情感衰竭得分比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。(4)护士的工作压力与职业倦怠的相关性:东营地区护士职业倦怠情感衰竭和去个性化2个维度的评分与工作压力的5个维度评分均呈正相关(r=0.329、0.516、0.431、0.373、0.532、0.441、0.332、0.556、0.463、0.307,均P0.05),个人成就感评分与工作压力5个维度评分呈负相关(r=-0.382、-0.413、-0.287、-0.343、-0.449,均P0.05)。(5)良好的社会支持与职业倦怠的相关性:东营地区护士社会支持3个维度的评分与职业倦怠的情感衰竭和去个性化2个维度评分均呈负相关(r=-0.179、-0.136、-0.237、-0.126、-0.213、-0.195,均P0.05);社会支持3个维度的评分与职业倦怠的个人成就感评分均呈正相关(r=0.238、0.259、0.097,均P0.01)。结论东营地区护士职业倦怠的情况较为严重。年龄、护龄、婚姻状况、职称、编制、夜班情况、平均月收入及医院级别都是影响护士职业倦怠的重要因素。良好的社会支持和缓解压力有助于降低护士的职业倦怠。     

唐山市某医院护士职业倦怠现状及影响因素分析

采用护士职业倦怠量表(NBS)简化版和职业倦怠量表(MBI),对唐山市某医院302名护士进行职业倦怠、压力源、个性特征、应对方式、社会支持现状调查。护士职业倦怠评分为66.38±18.27,情绪衰竭维度得分24.95±11.43,去人格化维度得分8.65±7.99,个人成就感维度得分32.83±8.88。多元线性回归分析结果提示,情绪衰竭水平的影响因素依次是压力源、积极人格特征、收入满意度、社会支持、再选护理工作;去人格化水平影响因素依次是积极人格特征、社会支持、压力源、积极应对方式、收入满意度;个人成就感的影响因素依次是积极人格特征、积极应对方式。该医院护士普遍存在职业倦怠,工作压力源、个性特征和应对方式对护士职业倦怠的3个维度有不同的影响。 更多还原     

县级医疗机构护士社会支持及影响因素分析

目的 评价山东省东营市县级医疗机构护士社会支持情况,探讨社会支持的影响因素.方法 采用护士基本情况表和社会支持评定量表(SSRS)对东营市广饶、垦利和利津3县县级医疗机构的360名护士的社会支持情况进行调查分析.结果 360名护士的客观支持度平均得分为(9.97±2.78)分,主观支持度平均得分为(27.31±4.58)分,社会支持利用度平均得分为(8.66±1.85)分;社会支持总分平均为(45.94±7.15)分,高于国内常模(34.56±3.73)分;多元逐步回归结果表明,护士社会支持的主要影响因素为年龄、工作年限、健康状况和社会保险.结论 护士社会支持状况总体处于较高水平;但应特别关注年龄小、工作时间短、健康状况差和无社会保险的护士群体.     

医学院校教师职业倦怠与社会支持关系的研究

目的：了解医学院校教师职业倦怠现状及其与社会支持的相关性,为对教师的职业倦怠干预提供理论依据。方法应用教师职业倦怠量表和社会支持评定量表对某医学院校教师进行抽样调查。采用SPSS13.0统计软件对资料进行统计描述、t检验、相关分析和回归分析。结果该医学院校教师职业倦怠三个维度得分分别为2.22,1.66和2.43分;社会支持总分平均分为46.14分,客观支持、主观支持和支持利用度的平均得分分别为12.24,25.75和8.16分。客观支持与职业倦怠各维度及倦怠总分均呈负相关、主观支持和社会支持总分与职业倦怠的情感衰竭和低个人成就感维度及职业倦怠总分之间为负相关。回归分析结果显示社会支持各维度均是情感衰竭的影响因素;主观支持和客观支持为去个性化的影响因素;客观支持为低个人成就感的影响因素;客观支持和主观支持对职业倦怠总分有影响。结论医学院校教师存在一定程度的职业倦怠状况,社会支持状况一般。社会支持水平越高,职业倦怠程度越轻,这提示在缓解职业倦怠时应当充分考虑社会支持对其职业倦怠的影响作用。     

北京市某区二级医院女护士职业倦怠感调查

目的了解北京市某区二级医院女护士职业倦怠感现状,分析职业倦怠感的影响因素。方法 2018年7—10月,对北京市某区2家二级医院373名女护理人员采用普查的方法进行回顾性问卷调查,并对结果进行统计分析。结果本次调查共发放问卷400份,回收有效问卷373份,回收率为93.25%。情绪疲惫感维度得分为21.99±11.81、工作冷漠感维度得分为5.90±6.00、工作成就感维度得分为31.84±10.65,与北京市社区护士得分比较,情绪疲惫感和工作成就感维度得分高于北京市社区护士得分,工作冷漠感维度得分均低于北京市社区护士得分,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。多元线性回归分析显示,每天照顾患者数、每天与患者接触时间占总工作时间的比例、每天锻炼时间和护龄是影响女护士情绪疲惫感维度的因素,每天锻炼时间和职称是影响女护士工作冷漠感维度的因素,婚姻状况、每天照顾患者数和职称是影响女护士工作成就感维度的因素。结论北京市某区二级医院女护士职业倦怠感整体处于轻度倦怠水平,其中工作成就感维度处于重度倦怠水平,医院管理层应该加以重视。护龄、职称、婚姻状况、每天照顾患者数、每天与患者接触时间占总工作时间的比例、每天锻炼时间是影响北京市某区二级医院女护士职业倦怠的重要因素,要针对影响因素采取措施,以减缓护士人群职业压力。     

基于ABC-X模型分析手术室护士职业倦怠和知觉压力研究

目的 以ABC-X模型为理论框架,希望从多角度了解手术室护士职业倦怠现状,并分析手术室护士知觉压力与自我效能间的相关性以及相关影响因素。方法 随机选取2021年8月—2022年8月广州市花都区三家医院的40名手术室护士,使用根据ABC-X模型设计的调查问卷对护士的职业倦怠以及压力感的情况。结果 根据调查问卷的结果显示,有职业倦怠的护士共有35名,职业倦怠率为87.50%,工作家庭冲突各个维度与职业倦怠各个维度均呈现正相关(r=0.467、0.507、0.568),社会支持,个人心理弹性与职业倦怠各个维度成负相关(r=-0.345、-0.457),压力知觉与去人格化成正相关(r=0.538),差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。单因素分析结果提示：不同工作家庭冲突,社会支持,压力知觉,个人心理弹性量表得分的护士职业倦怠情况发生率具有统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论 手术室护士职业倦怠情况严峻,工作家庭冲突情况,压力情况,生理健康状况,心理健康状况都与职业倦怠情况有关,医院管理者应该综合分析职业倦怠的相关影响因素,并做出相应的政策调整以及解决措施的制定以缓解职业倦怠情况。     

上海市某重点高铁单位职工职业倦怠影响因素分析

目的 探索上海某高铁单位职工职业倦怠的影响因素，为干预措施的制定提供参考依据。方法 采用现况调查的方法于2020年9—11月对上海某高铁单位职工进行问卷调查，共发放问卷420份，回收400份，问卷回收率为95.2%，其中有效问卷385份，有效率为91.7%。用Maslach职业倦怠量表(maslach buruout inventory gneral survey,MBI-GS)评估职业倦怠情况，应用χ²检验分析不同特征人群职业倦怠得分和阳性率差异，采用二元logistic回归分析探索职业倦怠及各维度的影响因素。结果 职业倦怠总体检出率为42.6%，情绪耗竭维度得分为(15.50±7.71)分，人格解体维度得分为(6.91±6.45)分，成就感降低维度得分为(11.17±7.48)分。二元logistic回归分析显示，以未检出职业倦怠为对照，运动频率为1～2次/周是出现职业倦怠的保护因素(OR=0.512,P<0.05)，睡眠质量差是职业倦怠的危险因素(OR=3.571,P<0.05)。从职业倦怠各维度看，以未检出职业倦怠为对照，睡眠质量差是情绪衰竭高...     

应对方式、社会支持对高校学生管理人员职业倦怠的影响

目的 调查研究乌鲁木齐市高校学生管理人员的职业倦怠现况及影响因素,分析其与应对方式、社会支持的关联,为强化育人阵地提供理论支持。 方法 采用整群抽样的方法,抽取乌鲁木齐高校学生管理人员547人,运用职业倦怠量表、简易应对方式量表、社会支持量表调查其心理状况、应对策略及社会支持情况。 结果 高校学生管理人员职业倦怠检出率80.44%,积极应对得分(23.40±7.61)分,社会支持得分(33.20±14.77)分,年龄、工龄、学历、岗位、职务、职称、平均下班时间、每月休整日、社会支持水平、应对倾向在职业倦怠3个维度以及总分上总体差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);主观支持、积极维度、支持利用度、客观支持、社会支持得分均与职业倦怠3个维度及总分呈负相关(r=-0.946～-0.612,均P<0.001),消极维度与职业倦怠3个维度及总分呈正相关(r=0.701～0.742,均P<0.001);逐步线性回归显示工龄、学历、应对倾向、平均下班时间、岗位、职务、每月休整日、职称、社会支持水平是职业倦怠的主要影响因素(P<0.05)。 结论 高校学生管理人员的职业倦怠虽普遍存在,但其所处的社会支持情况及应对策略比较良好,应继续加大政策支持及组织关怀,优化考核内容,促进健康心态,进而保障高校育人质量及健康可持续发展。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

The occurrence of antimicrobial substances in toilet,sink and shower drainpipes of clinical units: A neglected source of antibiotic residues

Antibiotics represent one of the most important drug groups used in the management of bacterial infections in humans and animals. Due to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance, assurance of the antibacterial effectiveness of these substances has moved into the focus of public health. The reduction in antibiotic residues in wastewater and the environment may play a decisive role in the development of increasing rates of antibiotic resistance. The present study examines the wastewater of 31 patient rooms of various German clinics for possible residues of antibiotics, as well as the wastewater of five private households as a reference.To the best of our knowledge, this study shows for the first time that in hospitals with high antibiotic consumption rates, residues of these drugs can be regularly detected in toilets, sink siphons and shower drains at concentrations ranging from 0.02?μg·L^?1 to a maximum of 79?mg·L^?1. After complete flushing of the wastewater siphons, antibiotics are no longer detectable, but after temporal stagnation, the concentration of the active substances in the water phases of respective siphons increases again, suggesting that antibiotics persist through the washing process in biofilms. This study demonstrates that clinical wastewater systems offer further possibilities for the optimization of antibiotic resistance surveillance.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.