皮质发育障碍模型大鼠海马区阳离子-氯离子转运体基因表达变化的研究

目的探讨阳离子-氯离子转运体NKCCl（内向Na^＋,K^＋-2Cl^-协同运输）、KCC2（外向K^＋-Cl^-协同运输）mRNA在皮质发育障碍致痫机制中的作用。方法在SD大鼠孕17d腹腔内注入卡莫司汀（BCNU）制作皮质发育障碍模型;Nissl染色观察P60 d仔鼠病理变化;P60 d用逆转录-聚合酶链反应（RT—PCR）方法检测两组雄性仔鼠海马区NKCC1、KCC2 mRNA的表达。结果Nissl染色显示海马区域异位细胞异常聚集。实验组海马区NKCC 1mRNA表达明显上调（NKCC1／肌动蛋白的比值,实验组0．70±0．13、对照组0．48±0．09,P〈0．01）,KCC2 mRNA表达明显下调（KCC2／肌动蛋白的比值,实验组0．54±0．10、对照组0．81±0．15,P〈0．01）。结论NKCC1 mRNAE调和KCC2 mRNA下调的共同作用可能与皮质发育障碍致痫密切相关。     

Retarded hippocampal development following prenatal exposure to ethanolic leaves extract of Datura metel in wistar rats

Background:

Datura metel contains atropine alkaloids and has been used to treat complication like asthma and, bronchitis, because of its anticholinergic properties.

Aim:

This study aimed to determine the prenatal effects of ethanolic extract of D. metel leaves exposure on the development of hippocampus.

Materials and Methods:

Twenty rats (12 females and 8 males) were purchased. The females were grouped into four groups (A_D). Group A were given 500 mg/kg body weight of the extract on the first day of fertilization to the end of gestation period, Group B were given 500 mg/kg body weight on the 8^th day of fertilization to the end of gestation period, Group C were given 500 mg/kg body weight on 15^th day of fertilization to the end of gestation period and Group D were given normal saline throughout the gestation period.

Results:

Rats in Group A showed no implantation, rats in Group B had abortion on the 7^th day after administration, and rats in Group C gave birth with their litters showing retarded hippocampus development and neural degeneration and rats in Group D (control) showed normal development.

Conclusion:

Ethanolic extract of D. metel leaf is teratogenic in the late stage of pregnancy, is abortificient and can serve as a contraceptive.     

银杏叶药渣中聚戊烯醇和总黄酮的综合提取工艺研究

目的?以银杏二萜内酯葡胺注射液生产制造过程中产生的银杏叶废渣为试材,优化聚戊烯醇和总黄酮的综合提取工艺。方法?采用L₉（3）正交试验法,先考察预浸时间、提取时间、提取温度、颗粒过筛对石油醚提取聚戊烯醇效果的影响,再考察乙醇浓度、料液比、预浸时间、提取时间对总黄酮提取效果的影响,确定了最优的银杏叶药渣中聚戊烯醇和总黄酮的综合提取工艺。结果?最佳优化工艺为银杏叶药渣粉碎过3号筛,加入10倍量石油醚预浸0.5h、40℃热回流提取2次,每次1h,提取液合并浓缩至无醚味,得聚戊烯醇提取物。石油醚处理后的银杏叶药渣干燥后,加入20倍量95%乙醇,热回流提取2次,每次0.5h,提取液合并浓缩干燥,得总黄酮提取物。结论?该方法简单易行,适用于银杏叶水提后的药渣中聚戊烯醇及总黄酮的提取,为其利用效率提升和工业化生产提供参考。      

钳夹子宫血管致宫内生长迟缓幼鼠小脑皮层神经生长因子改变的研究

OBJECTIVE: To understand the level of nerve growth factor (NGF) in the brain of rat pups in intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), explore the mechanism of brain injury. METHODS: Animal models for IUGR pups were established by clamping the uterine vasculature of pregnant rats with 30 minutes in this study. NGF proteins were measured by immunohistochemistry in the cerebellar cortex of rat pups at birth (21 days of gestation), and on the sixth day after birth. RESULTS: 1. The body weight of the 21-day fetuses in IUGR group decreased 16.1% as compared to that in control group (P < 0.0001); 2. The brain weight of the 21-day fetuses in IUGR group decreased to that in control group (P < 0.05) development of their brain retardation during the intrauterine in IUGR fetus period in this model; 3. On the sixth day after birth, there was no statistical difference in body weight between the IUGR and the control groups. But the brain weight difference between these two groups was still there; 4. At birth and on the sixth day after birth, there were statistical differences in NGF proteins in cerebellum between the IUGR and the control groups, which got along with the decrease of their brain weights. CONCLUSION: A successful animal model of IUGR was established by clamping the uterine vasculature of pregnant rats with 30 minutes, and the development of their brain were retarded in IUGR fetus period in this model. Brain retardation in IUGR pups may relate with the decreased level of NGF in brain. This study discovered that quick "catch-up" growth in physical development and slow "catch-up" growth in brain development in IUGR pups.     

脑脉舒宁对大鼠血脂血浆粘度的影响

采用脑脉舒宁提取液（1ml相当于生药0．5g）以50％和25％浓度分别对两组食高脂饲料的大鼠进行灌胃，对照组为生理盐水。每次10．0ml／kg，每日1次，连用10天，于实验第11天对3组大鼠进行断头取血。测定其血胆固醇、甘油三酯和血浆粘度。结果显示：高浓度（50％）给药组大鼠的血胆固醇、甘油三酯和血浆粘度均下降，与对照组比较有显著性差异（P＜0．05和P＜0．01）；而低浓度（25％）给药组大鼠仅血浆粘度显著下降（P＜0．01）。给药前后各级大鼠的体重、饮水和饮食量无明显差异。每组大鼠胸主动脉和冠状动脉病理切片无粥样硬化病变产生。     

Studies on the anti-diarrheal properties of leaf extract of Desmodium puchellum

Objective

To evaluate the pharmacological activity against diarrhea of methanol and petroleum ether extract of Desmodium puchellum (Family: Fabaceae) leaves.

Methods

The extract was evaluated for castor oil-induced diarrhea and enteropooling as well as intestinal motility in rats. Both of the extracts were given to the rats at 200 mg/kg orally. Loperamide was used as a standard drug for diarrhea.

Results

The diarrheal severity was reduced significantly (P<0.05) by methanol and petroleum ether extracts by 31.95% and 28.33%, respectively, whereas 54.75% inhibition was found for standard drug loperamide at 5 mg/kg. The two extracts also significantly (P<0.05) reduced the intestinal volume in case of castor oil induced enteropooling.

Conclusions

It is concluded that both fractions contain some biologically active ingredients that are active for anti-diarrheal actions whereas methanol fraction has better potential.     

干姜水提物解热镇痛作用的实验研究

目的观察干姜水提物的解热和镇痛作用。方法采用大鼠干酵母致热法,观察干姜水提物的解热作用;应用小鼠醋酸扭体法和小鼠光辐射热甩尾法,观察干姜水提物的镇痛作用。结果干姜水提物低剂量组：随着时间的推移,体温有下降的趋势（F=7.21,P〈0.01）;干姜水提物高剂量组：大鼠在给药后第1小时体温显著降低（P〈0.05）,但给药后第2,3,4小时体温下降不明显（F=1.28,P〉0.05）;吲哚美辛组的大鼠在给药后的第1、2、3、4小时体温均明显降低（F=2.89,P〈0.05）。干姜水提物组明显减少发生醋酸扭体反应的鼠数（P〈0.05）,显著提高小鼠光辐射热甩尾反应的痛阈（P〈0.05）。结论干姜水提物具有解热镇痛作用。     

Investigation of hepatoprotective activity of Cyathea gigantea (Wall. ex. Hook.) leaves against paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in rats

Objective

To investigate the hepatoprotective activity of methanolic leaf extract of Cyathea gigantea (C. gigantea) against paracetamol induced liver damage in rats.

Methods

The hepatoprotective activity for plant extract was investigated for paracetamol induced hepatoxicity in rats. Wistar albino rats of either sex were divided into five groups of 6 animals each and are given orally the following treatment for seven days. The normal control group was given 1% Na.CMC 1 mL/kg bw, p.o. Paracetamol at dose of 1 g/kg bw, p.o. was given as toxic dose for inducing hepatotoxicity. Silymarin (50 mg/kg, p.o.) was given as reference standard. Two doses of C. gigantea extract i.e., 100 mg/kg, p.o. and 200 mg/kg, p.o. were tested for hepatoprotective activity. The treatment was given for seven days and after 24 h of last treatment blood was collected from retro-orbital plexus and analysed for various serum parameters like serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin (TB) and total protein (TP) in different groups.

Results

The paracetamol intoxication lead to histological and biochemical deteriorations. The treatment with methanolic leaf extract of C. gigantea reduced the elevated levels of SGOT, SGPT, ALP, TB and also reversed the hepatic damage towards normal which further supports the hepatoprotective activity of leaf extract of C. gigantea.

Conclusions

The methanolic extract of leaves of C. gigantea at doses of 100 mg/kg bw and 200 mg/kg bw have significant effect on liver of paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity model in rats.     

4种中药提取物对去卵巢大鼠肝脏脂代谢影响机理研究

研究甘草,升麻,枸杞,茴香4种中药对去卵巢大鼠肝脏脂代谢的作用及机理.用上述4种中药及雌激素灌胃5周后观察药物对大鼠肝脏总胆固醇(Tc),甘油三酯(TG),雌二醇(E2),孕酮(P),睾酮(T),泌乳素(PRL)的影响.结果:模型大鼠去卵巢6周后,肝内甘油三酯及胆固醇水平增加.子宫萎缩,服以上4种中药后,TG、TC水平降低,子宫重量大于模型组,枸杞,甘草作用较为明显.服用雌激素与甘草提取液的去卵巢大鼠雌二醇的浓度,明显高于模型组(P<0.05).说明4种中药具有抗肝脂肪作用,机理不同,仅甘草具有植物雌激素作用.     

SOD与NaHCO3对重症失血性休克低血管反应性的影响

目的 探讨超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)和NaHCO3治疗重症失血性休克低血管反应性的效果。方法 将28只重症失血性休克SD大鼠随机均分为SOD组、NaHCO3组、SOD NaHCO33个治疗组以及1个对照组，分别观察用药后各组大鼠的血管反应性、血压、微动脉血流量和24h存活率。结果 休克2h后，各组动物微血管对去甲肾上腺素(NE)的反应性显减低，NE阈值比失血前提高24-27倍。复苏治疗2h后，3个治疗组血管反应性都有回升，其中以SOD NaHCO3组效果最显，NE阈值下降至失血前的4．7倍。此外，给SOD NaHCO3后再给多巴胺的升压效应最为显，是对照组的1．9倍，且在回输血液后动物血压稳定在13.33kPa以上；治疗2h后，微动脉血流量是对照组的2．54倍，动物存活时间比对照组延长2．9倍。结论 SOD和NaHCO3对重症失血性休克大鼠的血管低反应性有恢复作用；先给SOD NaHCO3再给升压药物(多巴胺)可明显稳定提升动物血压，并提高动物存活率，提示SOD 碱可能是治疗重症失血性休克低血管反应性的一种新的治疗方法。     

树的人工哺育

为探索和建立人工哺育树鼠句的可行方法 ,将 5对成年树鼠句配对后饲养在繁殖笼内 ,喂与由标准动物粉状饲料、奶酪、新鲜蔬菜和水果构成的混合食物。新生树鼠句出生后立即从母笼移出至孵育箱 ,每日人工喂与专门配制的牛奶制品。三周后将小树鼠句从孵育箱移出 ,经喂与转换食物约 1 0 d,过度到自食成年食物。结果 7个月内 5对成年树鼠句在共产1 1窝 3 1只仔树鼠句。在 2 7只出生后人工喂养的仔树鼠句中 ,2 5只健康存活至进入动物实验 ,人工喂养成活率为 92 .6%。树鼠句平均产仔间隔 5 2± 8.9d;平均窝产仔数 2 .8± 0 .4只。人工哺育树鼠句的成功为提供树鼠句应用于医学实验研究 ,尤其是与肝癌、肝炎有关的研究 ,开拓了广阔的前景。     

SOD与NaHCO3对重症失血性休克低血管反应性的影响

目的探讨超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)和NaHCO3治疗重症失血性休克低血管反应性的效果。方法将28只重症失血性休克SD大鼠随机均分为SOD组、NaHCO3组、SOD NaHCO3 3个治疗组以及1个对照组,分别观察用药后各组大鼠的血管反应性、血压、微动脉血流量和24 h存活率。结果休克2 h后,各组动物微血管对去甲肾上腺素(NE)的反应性显著减低,NE阈值比失血前提高24~27倍。复苏治疗2 h后,3个治疗组血管反应性都有回升,其中以SOD NaHCO3组效果最显著,NE阈值下降至失血前的4.7倍。此外,给SOD NaHCO3后再给多巴胺的升压效应最为显著,是对照组的1.9倍,且在回输血液后动物血压稳定在13.33 kPa以上;治疗2 h后,微动脉血流量是对照组的2.54倍,动物存活时间比对照组延长2.9倍。结论SOD和NaHCO3对重症失血性休克大鼠的血管低反应性有恢复作用;先给SOD NaHCO3再给升压药物(多巴胺)可明显稳定提升动物血压,并提高动物存活率,提示SOD 碱可能是治疗重症失血性休克低血管反应性的一种新的治疗方法。     

出生前摄入酒精的大鼠尾壳核生后早期发育神经元AREAP定量图像分析研究

以１６只在出生前经母体摄入酒精的ＳＤ乳鼠及相同数量的正常ＳＤ乳鼠分别作为实验和对照材料，采用以神经元ＡＲＥＡＰ为参数的定量图像分析方法，研究了出生前摄入酒精的大鼠尾壳核的生后早期发育。结果提示酒精有延缓大鼠尾壳核神经元的排列由密变疏的发育过程。此影响在生后第１ｄ可以看到，直至第７ｄ仍未完全消失，而在此后，则出现了代偿过程     

Estrogenic properties of locoweed (Astragalus lentiginosus)

Locoweed, Astragalus lentiginosus was extracted with ether (EE) and water (WE). These and the plant residue were mixed with basal diet (BD) and fed to weanling female mice to determine the plant's estrogenic activity. Diethylstilbesterol (DES) was fed as a control. Uterine weight was taken at five to seven days. Three feeding trials were conducted.In Trial 1 one group of mice was fed a basal diet and one group the basal diet plus EE 1 gm/mouse. The uteri from mice receiving EE were heavier (P <.01) than from those receiving BD.In Trial 2 mice were fed 0.10 gmEE/mouse, 0.15 gm EE/mouse, 0.10 and 0.15 microg DES/mouse and basal diet. The uteri from the DES fed mice were heavier (P <.01) than the others. The uteri from the EE mice and the BD mice were lighter than those of the DES mice, but there was no difference between the uteri from the EE and BD. This was thought to be due to the level of EE fed.In Trial 3 three levels of EE, 1.30, 0.86, and 0.42 gm/mouse, two levels of DES, 0.075 and 0.150 microg/mouse, one level water extract, 3 gm/mouse, plant residue, 3 gm/mouse, and basal diet were fed. The uteri from EE mice were heavier (P <.01) than the DES and DES heavier (P <.01) than WE or BD fed mice. Lesions typical of locoweed poisoning were found in WE fed mice. It was concluded that locoweeds contain high levels of estrogenic compounds as well as those causing pathological lesions.     

钳夹子宫血管致宫内生长迟缓幼鼠小脑皮层神经生长因子改变的研究

目的　了解宫内发育迟缓 ( IUGR)幼鼠脑发育过程中神经生长因子 ( NGF)在不同阶段的变化 ,探讨 IU GR所致脑损伤的发生机理。方法　采用钳夹孕鼠子宫血管 30分钟的方法建立 IU GR幼鼠动物模型 ,用免疫组化染色检测 IUGR幼鼠出生时及生后第 6天小脑皮层 NGF蛋白变化。结果　 1IUGR幼鼠出生体重较正常对照组降低 16 .1% (小于 2个标准差 ,P<0 .0 0 0 1) ;2 IU GR幼鼠出生时脑重较正常对照组脑重降低 ( P<0 .0 5 ) ;3IU GR幼鼠生后第 6天体重与正常对照组无差异 ( P>0 .0 5 ) ,但脑重仍有差异 ( P<0 .0 5 ) ;4IU GR幼鼠出生时小脑皮层 NGF蛋白较正常对照组降低 ( P<0 .0 0 5 ) ,且在生后第 6天仍有差异 ( P<0 .0 5 ) ,此改变与脑重改变一致。结论　本方法成功建立了 IU GR动物模型 ,且该模型所致 IUGR幼鼠伴有脑发育迟缓。IU GR幼鼠脑发育落后的发生可能与脑内 NGF水平下降有关 ,且 NGF的降低持续时间长 ,影响持久。本研究还发现 :IU GR幼鼠体格发育存在追赶生长 ,而脑发育迟缓不易恢复     

Modulatory effect of pineapple peel extract on lipid peroxidation,catalase activity and hepatic biomarker levels in blood plasma of alcohol-induced oxidative stressed rats

Objective

To investigate the ability of the methanolic extract of pineapple peel to modulate alcohol-induced lipid peroxidation, changes in catalase activities and hepatic biochemical marker levels in blood plasma.

Methods

Oxidative stress was induced by oral administration of ethanol (20% w/v) at a dosage of 5 mL/kg bw in rats. After 28 days of treatment, the rats were fasted overnight and sacrificed by cervical dislocation. Blood was collected with a 2 mL syringe by cardiac puncture and was centrifuged at 3 000 rpm for 10 min. The plasma was analyzed to evaluate malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase activity, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) concentrations.

Results

Administration of alcohol caused a drastic increase (87.74%) in MDA level compared with the control. Pineapple peel extract significantly reduced the MDA level by 60.16% at 2.5 mL/kg bw. Rats fed alcohol only had the highest catalase activity, treatment with pineapple peel extract at 2.5 mL/kg bw however, reduced the activity. Increased AST, ALP and ALT activities were observed in rats fed alcohol only respectively, treatment with pineapple peel extract drastically reduced their activities.

Conclusions

The positive modulation of lipid peroxidation, catalase activities as well as hepatic biomarker levels of blood plasma by the methanolic extract of pineapple peels under alcohol-induced oxidative stress is an indication of its protective ability in the management of alcohol-induced toxicity.     

决明子对老龄大鼠晶状体抗氧化作用的有效活性部位研究

目的:研究决明子对老龄大鼠晶状体抗氧化作用的有效活性部位。方法:80只Wistar大鼠分为正常对照组、空白对照组、超临界提取物组、石油醚提取物组、乙酸乙酯提取物组、70%乙醇提取物组、水提取物组及水提醇沉物组,分别选用CO2超临界、系统溶媒(石油醚、乙酸乙酯、70%乙醇、水)和水提醇沉的方法对决明子进行提取,观察各提取物对老龄大鼠晶状体中GSH、SOD、MDA的影响,初步明确决明子对老龄大鼠晶状体抗氧化作用的有效活性部位。结果:与正常对照组比较,空白对照组谷光苷肽(GSH)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)均显著降低,丙二醛(MDA)含量升高(P0.05,P0.01)。与空白对照组比较,超临界提取物组、乙酸乙酯提取物组、70%乙醇提取物组、水提取物组GSH、SOD显著升高,MDA含量明显下降。结论:随年龄增长,大鼠晶状体GSH、SOD呈降低趋势,而MDA表现为升高趋势。超临界提取物部位、70%乙醇提取物部位、水提取物部位、乙酸乙酯提取物部位都能在一定程度上抗老龄大鼠晶状体氧化,超临界提取物部位抗氧化作用最佳。     

肥胖对雌性大鼠交感肾上腺系统的长期程序化作用

目的：研究肥胖对雌性大鼠交感肾上腺系统的长期程序化作用。方法：将雌性sD大鼠在出生当E1分成2组：①实验组,小窝喂养,每窝4只;②对照组,正常喂养,每窝12只。每周测体质量,出生后28d开始监测阴道口初开放时间和阴道细胞学涂片。出生后10周,用免疫组织化学方法测定肾上腺和卵巢交感神经兴奋性的改变;用原位杂交技术测定中枢蓝斑核的酪氨酸羟化酶（TH）mRNA的表达变化。结果z与对照组相比,实验组动物明显肥胖,持续终生;青春期启动明显提早[实验组（35．5土0．8）d,对照组（37．6±0．3）d];卵巢和肾上腺的TH免疫染色明显增强和蓝斑核的THmRNA表达明显增加,其差异均有统计学意义（均尸〈0．05）。结论：肥胖通过上调交感肾上腺兴奋性影响雌鼠的生殖功能。     

Antilithic effects of extracts from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Urtica dentata</Emphasis> hand on calcium oxalate urinary stones in rats

This study examined the potential antilithic effects of a traditional Chinese medicine Urtica dentata Hand (UDH) in experimental rats and screened the optimal extract of UDH as a possible therapeutic a...     

Prenatal immunization against experimental enteric colibacillosis in piglets.

To establish a model for the study of prenatal immunization against enteric colibacillosis a proportion of the litters of seven sows were immunized in utero 18 to 22 days before term by intra-amniotic and intramuscular injection of Escherichia coli antigen and the litters challenged at birth with either homologous or heterologous strains. Protection against homologous challenge was demonstrated in some but not all vaccinated piglets. The study was severely compromised by the occurrence of intrauterine death in a significant proportion of vaccinated piglets.