2型糖尿病非增生型视网膜病变与颈动脉内膜中层厚度的关系

目的探讨2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者非增生型视网膜病变（NPDR）与颈动脉内膜中层厚度（IMT）之间的关系。方法选择NPDR组97例,糖尿病正常眼底（NDR）对组照100例。B超检测IMT。结果（1）NPDR组IMT明显高于NDR组（P〈0．01）。（2）NPDR与年龄、病程、收缩压、舒张压、糖化血红蛋白、IMT、尿白蛋白呈正相关（P〈0.05）,与HDL-C、餐后2hC肽呈负相关（P〈0．05）。Logistic回归显示IMT是NPDR的主要危险因素（P〈0.01）。（3）IMT增厚组（60．7G）NPDR发病率明显高于正常组（44．1％）（P〈0.05）。结论T2DM合并颈动脉IMT增厚者NPDR发病率显著增高,推测动脉粥样硬化可能是NPDR的一个重要的相关因素。     

2型糖尿病患者视网膜病变与颈动脉内膜中层厚度的关系

Objective To explore the relationship between the diabetic retinopathy (DR) and the carotid artery intima-media thickness(IMT) in type 2 diabetic patients to reveal the relationship between macroangiopathy and microangiopathy in diabetic patients further. Methods One hundred and tweenty-three diabetic cases in patient chosen from 2008 to 2009 were divided into diabetic retinopathy group(DR) and non-diabetic retinopathy group(NDR) by fundus examination. The patients were asked about their disease history including durations, smoking and so on. Meanwhile the carotid artery IMT, systolic pressure (SBP), diastolic pressure (DBP), serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, glycosylated hemoglobin(HbAlc), body mass index(BMI) were measured of all the cases. The incidence of increased carotid artery IMT was cmpared with χ2 test, as well as the average IMT between the two groups, the influencing factors artery IMT was 50.98%(26/51) in DR group, and 33.33%(24/72) in NDR group, having a statistically significant showed the diabetic retinopathy risk factors were smoking(χ2=6.20, P<0.05), duration(t=-4.13, P<0.01). carotid artery IMT(t=-2.21, P<0.05), SBP(t=-2.37, P<0.05), and HDL-cholesterol(t=4.49, all P<0.01). 12.77, all P<0.01), carotid artery 1MT and smoking(χ2=6.05,4.15, all P<0.05). Conclusions Type 2 diabetic patients complicated with DR have a prominent increase in IMT thickening proportion and average IMT, which reveals the relationship between the DR and the IMT.     

2型糖尿病患者视网膜病变与颈动脉内膜中层厚度的关系

目的 探讨2型糖尿病患者视网膜病变(DR)与颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)之间的关系.方法 选取2008、2009年在哈尔滨医科大学附属第四医院内分泌科确诊的2型糖尿病患者123例作为观察对象,根据眼底检查结果 分为DR组和非DR(NDR)组.采集病史(病程、吸烟、家族史等),同时检测颈动脉IMT、收缩压、舒张压、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、糖化血红蛋白、体质量指数等指标.两组颈动脉IMT增厚发生率的比较采用χ2检验,两组平均颈动脉IMT值的比较采用独立样本t检验:应用Logistic回归分析糖尿病DR病变的影响因素.结果 ①DR组IMT增厚的发生率为50.98%(26/51),NDR组为33.33%(24/72),两组比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=3.85,P<0.05).②DR组平均颈动脉IMT值为(1.01±0.23)mm,NDR组为(0.91±0.24)mm,两组比较差异有统计学意义(t=-2.21,P<0.05).③单因素分析糖尿病DR病变的影响因素为;吸烟(χ2=6.20,P<0.05),病程(t=-4.13,P<0.01),高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(t=4.49,P<0.01),颈动脉IMT(t=-2.21,P<0.05),收缩压(t=-2.37,P<0.05).④Logistic回归分析糖尿病DR病变的影响因素为:病程、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、颈动脉IMT、吸烟(χ2值分别为7.77、12.77、6.05、4.15,P均<0.01或0.05).结论 2型糖尿病DR病变患者颈动脉IMT增厚的比例明显增加,且平均颈动脉IMT厚度亦明显增加.2型精尿病合并DR病变与其颈动脉IMT厚度之间关系密切.     

老年2型糖尿病患者颈动脉内膜中层厚度与白介素6的相关性

目的讨论2型老年糖尿病患者颈动脉内膜中层厚度与白介素（IL-6）的相关性。方法入选老年2型糖尿病患者,共71例,用超声检测颈动脉内膜中层厚度（IMT）,并检测血清IL6水平。按照颈动脉IMT进行分组。IMT〈1．0mm者分入IMT正常组,IMT≥1．0mm者分入IMT增厚组。对两组血清IL-6水平进行t检验,对IL-6与IMT进行相关性分析及Logistic回归分析。结果IMT增厚组IL-6水平（41．23±9．66ng／L）高于IMT正常组（31．53±9．23ng／L）,P〈0．01;IL-6与糖化血红蛋白及IMT均成正相关,R=0．351,P〈0．01;IL水平升高者颈动脉IMT增厚的风险增加5．57倍（OR=3．81,95％CI1．07～13．66,P〈0．05）。结论血清IL-6水平与颈动脉内膜中层厚度水平有关,并可作为老年2型糖尿病患者动脉粥样硬化程度的参考指标。     

2型糖尿病患者颈动脉内中膜厚度和硬化度

目的 分析2型糖尿病患者不同血糖控制水平和患病时间对颈总动脉内中膜厚度(carotidinfima-media thickness,CIMT)和颈总动脉硬化度(quantitative carotid stiffness,OCS)的影响.方法 将274例2型糖尿病患者根据病程和HbAlc水平进行分组,60例病程≤2年的2型糖尿病患者为初发组,另外214例病程1>5年的2型糖尿病患者根据HbAlc<6.5%分为HbAlc正常组(96例),HbAlc≥6.5%分为HbAlc升高组(118例).同时收集这些患者的临床资料,包括年龄、性别、身高、体重、血压、吸烟情况、体重指数、HbAlc以及空腹血脂等生化指标.用高分辨率彩色血管多普勒超声仪测量受试者的QCS和CIMT.结果 (1)CIMT值在HbAlc正常组和升高组均显著高于初发组(P<0.05或P<0.01),而前二组之间差异并无统计学意义.QCS值在HbAlc升高组显著高于HbAlc正常组和初发组,而HbAlc正常组和初发组之间差异并无统计学意义;(2)相关性分析显示总胆固醇、收缩压、病程和CIMT之间存在显著正相关(P<0.05或P<0.01);收缩压、年龄、病程、吸烟、HbAlc和QCS之间存在显著正相关(P<0.05或P<0.01).结论 CIMT适用于糖尿病患者的长期随访,而QCS反映血糖水平对颈动脉的影响较CIMT敏感.     

Increased carotid artery intima-media thickness in subjects with primary hypoalphalipoproteinemia

The plasma concentration of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) is inversely correlated with the incidence of atherosclerotic vascular events. In the present study, we evaluated pre-intrusive atherosclerosis in subjects with plasma HDL-C at the extremities of normal distribution. Fifty-five subjects with primary hypoalphalipoproteinemia (HypoALP) or hyperalphalipoproteinemia (HyperALP) were compared with fifty-five control subjects with average HDL-C levels, matched for sex, age, and plasma cholesterol. The average and maximal intima-media thicknesses (Avg-IMT and Max-IMT) of 48 carotid segments for each subject were approximately 40% greater in HypoALP than in control subjects (0.94 +/- 0.06 versus 0.69 +/- 0.04 mm, P=0.004, and 1.86 +/- 0.16 versus 1.35 +/- 0.10 mm, P=0.025, respectively). The IMT values in HyperALP subjects (Avg-IMT, 0.71 +/- 0.04 and Max-IMT, 1.38 +/- 0.14 mm) were the same as in controls. In a large cohort of hyperlipidemic subjects (n=559), significantly greater Avg-IMT and Max-IMT were found in subjects belonging to the first HDL-C quintile (<42 mg/dL) than in all the others. The measurement of carotid IMT in cases with HypoALP and HyperALP, and in a large series of hyperlipidemic patients, thus indicates that a low HDL-C is associated with significant pre-intrusive atherosclerosis, whereas a HDL-C level above average values does not lead to a further reduction of arterial wall thickening.     

Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 concentrations and carotid artery intima-media thickness among type 2 diabetic patients

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D among type 2 diabetic adults and to assess the relationship between hypovitaminosis D and intimal medial thickening (IMT) of the common carotid artery, a marker of preclinical atherosclerosis. DESIGN, PATIENTS AND MEASUREMENTS: We compared winter serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D] concentrations in 390 consecutive type 2 diabetic patients and 390 nondiabetic controls who were comparable for age and sex. Common carotid IMT was measured with ultrasonography only in diabetic patients by a single trained operator blinded to subjects' details. RESULTS: The prevalence of hypovitaminosis D (i.e. 25(OH)D 相似文献   

2型糖尿病患者T淋巴细胞活化与颈动脉内中膜厚度的相关性

目的探讨2型糖尿病患者T淋巴细胞活化与颈动脉内中膜厚度（IMT）的关系。方法121例2型糖尿病患者根据IMT水平分为IMT正常组与IMT增厚和斑块形成组,测定淋巴细胞活化水平、生化指标及基本临床资料。结果（1）CD3^＋HLA-DR^＋细胞比率在IMT增厚和斑块形成组显著高于对照组[（11．16±6．88 vs 6．91±3．33）％,P〈0．05],IMT正常组与对照组的差异无统计学意义;（2）偏相关分析显示,CD3^＋HLA-DR^＋细胞比率与IMT呈正相关;CD3^＋HLA-DR^＋细胞比率、年龄、SBP为影响颈动脉IMT水平的独立相关因素。结论T淋巴细胞活化正相关于颈动脉IMT,可能参与T2DM大动脉硬化的发病机制。     

血清脂联素水平与2型糖尿病患者颈动脉内中膜厚度变化关系的研究

目的 探讨血清脂联素水平与2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者颈动脉内中膜厚度(IMT)变化之间的关系.方法 应用酶联免疫法测定140例IMT≤1 mm的T2DM患者及80例正常对照者的血清脂联素水平,糖尿病组在生活方式干预的基础上,给予抗血小板聚集、强化血糖、血压、血脂治疗,随访12个月后重新测定IMT,按IMT分为两组(DM1组IMT≤1 mm,DM2组IMT＞1 mm),分析血清脂联素水平与IMT变化之间的关系.结果 (1)T2DM组血清脂联素水平低于对照组(6±3 vs 13±7 mg/L, P＜0.01).(2)DM1组与DM2组相比较,腰臀比(0.90±0.07 vs 0.93±0.05,P=0.024)、HDL-C(1.28±0.36 vs 1.11±0.22 mmol/L, P=0.013)、血清脂联素水平(6.07±3.31 vs 4.06±2.71mg/L, P=0.003),差异均有统计学意义.(3)Logistic回归分析显示,血清脂联素含量降低、年龄增长、HDL-C降低是T2DM患者IMT增厚的危险因素.结论 低血清脂联素水平是T2DM患者动脉粥样硬化的独立危险因素.     

血清内脏脂肪素水平与2型糖尿病患者颈动脉内中膜厚度相关性的研究

目的探讨血清内脏脂肪素水平与2型糖尿病患者颈动脉内中膜厚度（IMT）之间的关系。方法应用酶联免疫法测定80例2型糖尿病患者,并根据患者的颈动脉超声结果分为两组：IMT正常组和IMT增厚或斑块组。比较两组及40例正常对照者的血清脂联素水平,分析血清内脏脂肪素水平与IMT之间的关系。结果（1）2型糖尿病组血清内脏脂肪素水平高于对照组（P〈0．01）。（2）IMT正常组与IMT增厚或斑块组相比较,腰臀比、TG、HDL．C、血清内脏脂肪素水平,差异均有统计学意义（P均〈0．05）。（3）Logistic回归分析显示,血清内脏脂肪素含量较高、年龄增长、TG增高、HDL-C降低是2型糖尿病患者IMT增厚的危险因素。结论高血清内脏脂肪素水平可能是2型糖尿病患者动脉粥样硬化的危险因素。     

2型糖尿病颈动脉内膜中层病变及相关危险因素分析

目的分析2型糖尿病(T2DM)颈动脉内膜中层厚度(C-IMT)与危险因素相关性。方法报告了南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院2002-01-2003-03应用高分辨B超测定67例不同T2DM病程者C-IMT;取血测空腹时肌酐、超敏C反应蛋白(CRP),根据24h尿计算肌酐清除率。结果病程≥10年组较初发组C-IMT明显增厚,C-IMT随肌酐清除率降低而增加。多元逐步回归分析表明CRP进入回归方程(p=0.809,P<0.001)。结论T2DM者C-IMT随病程肌酐清除率降低而增厚;CRP在T2DM大血管病变中具致病作用。     

2型糖尿病患者内脂素水平与颈动脉内中膜厚度相关

73例2型糖尿病患者,根据颈动脉内中膜厚度(IMT)分为动脉粥样硬化(AS)组和非AS组,测定血浆内脂素水平.结果 显示,2型糖尿病AS组内脂素水平高于非AS组[(44.95±10.14对34.52±9.08)μg/L,P<0.05],均高于对照组[(24.46±7.18)μg/L,均P<0.05],并与IMT、腰臀比、内脏脂肪厚度、空腹胰岛素、胰岛素抵抗指数呈正相关.年龄、病程、HbA_(1c)及内脂素是影响颈动脉IMT的相关因素.     

25羟维生素D3与2型糖尿病患者颈动脉内膜中层厚度的相关性研究

目的 探讨2型糖尿病患者颈动脉内膜中层厚度（IMT）与25羟维生素D3浓度的关系.方法 选取2型糖尿病患者295例,均符合1999年WHO制定的2型糖尿病诊断标准,根据眼底照相结果分为无颈动脉斑块组（96例）、颈动脉增厚组（110例）和颈动脉斑块组（89例）.比较三组患者25羟维生素D3浓度的差异.两个连续随机变量的相关性研究采用Pearson相关分析,应用多因素非条件Logistic逐步回归分析法对动脉硬化的危险因素进行分析.结果 25羟维生素D3浓度颈动脉无异常组为（9.80±4.12）ng/ml,颈动脉增厚组为（8.80±3.00）ng/ml,颈动脉斑块组为（7.60±1.09）ng/ml,颈动脉斑块组25羟维生素D3浓度低于颈动脉增厚组,而颈动脉增厚组25羟维生素D3浓度低于颈动脉无异常组,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.两个连续随机变量Pearson相关分析显示,颈动脉IMT与25（OH）D3呈显著负相关（r=-0.259,P＜0.01）.以有无颈动脉斑块为因变量行多因素非条件Logistic逐步回归分析显示,血清25（OH）D3是预防颈动脉斑块的保护因素（OR=0.878,P＜0.05）;FBG、hs-CRP、LDL-C、HbA1C是颈动脉斑块危险增加的独立危险因素（OR=1.115、1.130、1.786、1.556）.结论 25羟维生素D3浓度与2型糖尿病患者颈动脉内膜中层厚度相关,通过测定25（OH）D3的浓度可以预测2型糖尿病患者全身动脉粥样硬化情况,适当补充可以预防糖尿病患者大血管并发症的发生.     

2型糖尿病患者颈动脉内膜中层厚度与细胞间黏附分子1、C反应蛋白的相关性

对55例2型糖尿病（DM）患者、25名正常对照者，分别用ELISA法、免疫散射比浊法测定血清可溶性细胞间黏附分子1（sICAM-1）、超敏C反应蛋白（hs—CRP）水平，用超声测定颈动脉内膜中层厚度（IMT）。结果提示sICAM-1、hs—CRP可能与2型DM患者颈动脉IMT的增厚有关。     

老年糖尿病患者颈动脉内膜中层厚度的多因素分析

目的 探讨老年2型糖尿病患者颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)与血清高敏C反应蛋白(hsCRP)、幽门螺旋杆菌(Hp)感染、同型半胱氨酸(Hey)水平以及动脉粥样硬化危险因素之间的关系.方法 根据IMT将132例2型糖尿病患者分为IMT增厚组(IMT＞0.9 ram)55例和对照组(IMT≤0.9 mm)77例,分别检测血hsCRP、Hp IgG抗体、Hey和血糖、血脂等生化指标,并结合临床资料进行分析.结果 IMT增厚组与对照组比较,年龄(70.3±8.1)和(67.9±8.5)岁(P＜0.001),吸烟(吸/否)23/32和14/63(P＜0.05),hsCRP 3.26(0～9.96)和1.17(0～8.06)mg/L(P＜0.001),Hcy(9.59±3.27)和(8.15±3.24)μmol/L(P＜0.05),总胆固醇(5.53±1.43)和(5.08±1.05)mmol/L(P＜0.05),低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)(3.15±1.09)和(2.68士0.71)mmol/L(P＜0.05),收缩压(147±23)和(131±22)mm Hg(P＜0.001),脉压(67±20)和(57±16)mm Hg(P＜0.001).两组Hp IgG抗体阳性率61.8%(34/55)和59.7%(46/77),差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).单因素相关分析:IMT与hsCRP(r=0.475)、年龄(r=0.398)、脉压(r=0.370)、收缩压(r=0.354)、LDL-C(r=0.343)、Hey(r=0.244)、总胆固醇(r=0.213)呈正相关(均为P＜0.01).Logistic回归分析显示:IMT与年龄、吸烟、LDL-C、hsCRP、脉压独立相关.结论 高hsCRP、年龄、吸烟、高LDL-C、脉压增大是老年2型糖尿病患者颈动脉IMT增厚的独立危险因素,HP感染与IMT增厚未见明显相关.     

Maximum carotid intima-media thickness improves the prediction ability of coronary artery stenosis in type 2 diabetic patients without history of coronary artery disease

ObjectiveCarotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), a marker of early atherosclerosis and vascular remodelling, is one of the independent predictors of coronary artery disease (CAD). However, it is unknown whether ultrasonic assessment of carotid atherosclerosis, including CIMT, improves the prediction ability for CAD over and above conventional coronary risk factors in the diabetic patients.MethodsUltrasonic scanning of the common carotid artery (CCA), the carotid bulb (Bul), and the internal carotid artery (ICA) was performed. The site with the greatest IMT, including plaque lesions, was sought along the arterial walls and max-IMT (the greatest IMT in the observation-possible areas of the CCA, Bul and ICA) was measured. The association of max-IMT with coronary artery stenosis assessed by coronary computed tomography angiography and the incremental effect of adding max-IMT to the conventional risk factors for predicting coronary artery stenosis were evaluated in 241 asymptomatic type 2 diabetic patients.ResultsMultiple logistic regression analyses showed that max-IMT was significantly associated with coronary artery stenosis even after adjustment for conventional risk factors. ROC curve analysis revealed that the AUC significantly increased after addition of max-IMT to conventional coronary risk factors [from 0.64 (95% CI; 0.57–0.71) to 0.74 (95% CI; 0.67–0.80), p = 0.020]. The addition of max-IMT to conventional coronary risk factors increased the AUC in obese patients (from 0.58 to 0.76, p = 0.012) but not in non-obese patients (from 0.68 to 0.72, NS).ConclusionsIn type 2 diabetic patients without apparent cardiovascular disease, the addition of max-IMT to conventional risk factors substantially improves the risk stratification for CAD.     

Serum osteoprotegerin levels,endothelial function and carotid intima-media thickness in type 2 diabetic patients

ObjectivesOsteoprotegerin (OPG), a well-known protein that inhibits osteoclast formation and activity, might also be a potential marker for identifying patients with high cardiovascular risk. This study aimed to compare OPG levels, FMD, and CIMT measurements in subjects with vs. without diabetes and investigate the association of serum osteoprotegerin level with the early atherosclerotic markers, endothelial function, and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2).MethodsForty-nine patients with DM2 (F/M: 26/23, 49.3 ± 10.0 years) and 45 healthy volunteers (F/M: 26/19, 48.3 ± 7.5 years) were included in this cross-sectional study. Serum OPG levels were measured by solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and HbA1c levels were measured. CIMT was measured by B-mode ultrasound, and endothelial function was evaluated via flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery with Doppler ultrasonography.ResultsSerum OPG levels were significantly higher in patients with DM2 (617.0 ± 111.0 pg/mL) compared to controls (481.0 ± 96.0 pg/mL, p < 0.001). While CIMT in diabetic patients (0.65 + 0.13 mm) was higher than controls (0.54 ± 0.10 mm, p = 0.009), FMD measurement was lower in DM2 group (4.2% ± 3.1 mm vs. 7.6% ± 4.1 mm, p = 0.01). Univariate analysis showed that OPG was associated with the presence of diabetes (OR: 6.999, p = 0.001, R²: 15.1%) and hypertension (OR = 6.925, p = 0.001, R²: 13.2%). There was no relationship between OPG levels and CIMT or FMD.ConclusionOsteoprotegerin and CIMT levels were increased, and FMD measurements were decreased in patients with DM2. No association between CIMT, FMD, and OPG measurements was observed. The presence of DM and hypertension were associated with circulating OPG levels.     

Effect of pioglitazone on carotid intima-media thickness and arterial stiffness in type 2 diabetic nephropathy patients

Atherosclerosis is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes, and pioglitazone has been reported to have anti-inflammatory and potential antiatherogenic effects. The aim of the present study was to determine whether pioglitazone, glibenclamide, or voglibose affects carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), pulse wave velocity (PWV), and urinary albumin excretion (UAE) in normotensive type 2 diabetic nephropathy patients. Forty-five normotensive type 2 diabetes patients with microalbuminuria were randomized to 12-month treatment with pioglitazone (30 mg/d, n = 15), glibenclamide (5 mg/d, n = 15), or voglibose (0.6 mg/d, n = 15). Pre- and posttreatment UAE, PWV, and IMT values were compared between treatment groups and a group of age-matched healthy control subjects (n = 30). Pretreatment PWV, IMT, and UAE values differed little between the 3 groups, but UAE was greater in the 45 type 2 diabetes patients (132.5 +/- 36.4 microg/min) than in the control subjects (6.2 +/- 1.8 microg/min, P < .001). IMT (0.76 +/- 0.12 mm) was significantly greater in the diabetics than in the controls (0.60 +/- 0.08 mm, P < .01). PWV (1,840 +/- 320 cm/s) was also significantly greater in the diabetics than in the controls (1,350 +/- 225 cm/s, P < .01). After 6 and 12 months, UAE, IMT, and PWV in the pioglitazone treatment group were significantly lower than those in the glibenclamide treatment group and voglibose treatment group (UAE: 6 months, P < .05 and 12 months, P < .01; IMT and PWV: 6 months, P < .05 and 12 months, P < .05). Pioglitazone, but not glibenclamide or voglibose, appears to be effective in reducing UAE, IMT, and PWV in normotensive type 2 diabetes patients with microalbuminuria.