"八环节"教学方法在五年制高职学生病原生物与免疫课程教学中的研究与实践

目的 探讨"八环节"教学方法在五年制高职学生病原生物与免疫课程教学中的应用效果.方法 随机抽取郑州铁路职业技术学院2006级护理专业五年制学生作为研究对象,将其分为对照组与实验组.对照组采用传统教学方法,实验组采用"引起注意→告知学习目标→复习→启发教授→检测反馈→迁移→预习→强化"即"八环节"教学方法.最终通过考试成绩、问卷调查比较两组学生教学效果的差异.结果 两组学生期末考试平均成绩和及格率差异显著,具有统计学意义(P<0.05)."八环节"教学方法有利于培养五年制学生学习兴趣、自主性,有利于增强其知识迁移、应用的能力.结论 "八环节"教学方法优于传统教学方法,值得进一步研究和推广.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the effects of "eight links" method on the teaching of "causal organism and immunology" for five-year vocational students. Methods Vocational students majoring in the five-year nursing program of Zhengzhou Railway Vocational and Technical College were selected randomly as the study objects. They were divided into a control group and an experimental group. The traditional teaching method was adopted in the control group, while the eight-link method arousing attention, instructing learning objectives, reviewing, enlightening, feedback, transferring, previewing, consolidating was adopted in the experimental group. The teaching effect of these two groups was compared by the examination scores and questionnaire. Results The differences of average scores and pass rates in the final examination were very distinguished and of statistic significance(P<0.05). The eight-link teaching method was beneficial to cultivate students'studying enthusiasm and autonomy. It can also enhance their ability to transfer and apply knowledge. Conclusions The eight-link teaching method was superior to the traditional teaching method, and deserved to be further studied and popularized.     

诊断学教学中医学生临床思维能力培养的探索

Objective For the current shortcomings in clinical probation of diagnostics, cussed the effect of case-based teaching in practicing lessons of diagnostic was discussed. Methods 130 students were randomly divided into two groups. 66 students in the experimental group were used case-based teaching,64 students in the control group were used traditional teaching. A comparison was made between the two groups in terms of the scores. Results It showed that there were no significant differences in scores of diagnostics, including the scores of histories, physical examination, samples between the experimental group and the control group. The scores of theories, case-analyzing and total scores obtained by experimental group were higher than those by the control group, P ＜ 0.05. The questionnaires showed that the casebased teaching was welcome by the students. The manner' s satisfactions was 84.4%, 12.5% ,3.1%.Conclusions The methods of case-based teaching helped the students well understand and master the contents of physical and laboratory diagnostics, enhance the ability of clinical thinking as well as promoting the teaching qualities of diagnostics.     

急诊医学教学中两种教学方法实施效果的比较研究

目的 比较以问题为基础学习(problem-based learning,PBL)结合智能化计算机模拟教学与传统的以授课为基础学习(lecture-based learning,LBL)两种教学方法在急诊医学教学中的应用效果.方法 以大连大学医学院2006级五年制临床医学专业1班和2班49名学生为研究对象,1班25名学生为对照组,2班24名学生为实验组.两组学生在年龄、性别、基础文化程度、专业知识掌握等方面差异无统计学意义.针对心肺脑复苏章节的急诊教学,对照组采用LBL教学方法;实验组采用PBL结合智能化计算机模拟教学方法.教学结束后,采用问卷调查、理论及操作技能考核等主客观评价方法共同评价教学效果.结果 与对照组学生比较,实验组学生在教学中能够主动提出问题,积极参与讨论,发言踊跃,课堂气氛活跃.调查结果显示,学生对PBL结合智能化计算机模拟教学方法满意度高于LBL教学方法.比较两组学生的考试成绩,无论是理论测试还是操作技能考核,实验组学生的成绩均明显优于对照组学生(P<0.05).结论 PBL结合智能化计算机模拟教学比LBL教学更能够增加学生学习的兴趣,加深学生对知识的理解和记忆,增进团体协作精神,并且能够更好地培养学生急诊医学思维和解决临床问题的能力,显著提高了急诊医学的教学效果.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the application effects of problem-based leaning (PBL) combined with intelligent simulation teaching and lecture-based learning (LBL) in course of cardio-pulmonary-cerebral resuscitation of emergency medicine. Methods Using 49 undergraduate students of grade 2006, five-year clinical medicine in Medical School of Dalian University as the object of research, and class 1 (n=25) for control group, class 2(n=24) for experimental group. The students of control group were taught by traditional LBL teaching method, and experimental group were taught by PBL combined with intelligent computer simulations teaching method. The teaching effect was evaluated by using the results of questionnaire survey and theory examination skills and operating skills together. Results Compared with controls group, the students of experimental group were able to question actively and participate in discussions, spoken enthusiastically, and active atmosphere. The results of students' questionnaires showed that satisfaction of students for PBL combined with intelligent simulation teaching method were better than LBL teaching method. Test scores, either in theory or skills assessment test experimental results are better than control group (P<0.05). Conclusions Compared with traditional LBL teaching method, PBL combined with intelligent simulation teaching method can increase students' interest in learning, deepen understanding and memory of the knowledge, enhance team spirit and bring up ability to emergency medicine clinical thinking and solving practical problems, and improve the teaching effect of emergency medicine greatly.     

电子模拟人优化心脏听诊教学的探讨

Objective To explore the assistant teaching effects with electronic simulated patients in the heart auscultation teaching. Methods 106 students were divided into the electronic simulated patient teaching group (experimental group ) and the traditional method teaching group (control group ) at random. Through the questionnaire survey, the written examination and the practice skill inspection form,we compared the students' learning situation of the two groups. Results There was no significant differ-ence in the written examination results between the two group students ( P ＞ 0.05 ); the practice skill in-spection results of the experimental group was obviously higher than those of the control group, there being significant difference ( P ＜ 0.05 ). The questionnaire survey about teaching satisfaction degree with electronic simulated patients showd that 77.36% of the students appraiseot for good, 18.87% for general,3.77% for poor. Conclusions The assistant teaching with electronic simulated patients was helpful in improving students' practice operation skills. It had many merits, such as comprehensive contents, directviewing and strong repeatability, which might optimize the heart auscultation teaching.     

电子模拟人优化心脏听诊教学的探讨

Objective To explore the assistant teaching effects with electronic simulated patients in the heart auscultation teaching. Methods 106 students were divided into the electronic simulated patient teaching group (experimental group ) and the traditional method teaching group (control group ) at random. Through the questionnaire survey, the written examination and the practice skill inspection form,we compared the students' learning situation of the two groups. Results There was no significant differ-ence in the written examination results between the two group students ( P ＞ 0.05 ); the practice skill in-spection results of the experimental group was obviously higher than those of the control group, there being significant difference ( P ＜ 0.05 ). The questionnaire survey about teaching satisfaction degree with electronic simulated patients showd that 77.36% of the students appraiseot for good, 18.87% for general,3.77% for poor. Conclusions The assistant teaching with electronic simulated patients was helpful in improving students' practice operation skills. It had many merits, such as comprehensive contents, directviewing and strong repeatability, which might optimize the heart auscultation teaching.     

自助式教学模式在生物化学教学中的应用

目的 探讨自助式教学模式在生物化学理论教学中的应用价值.方法 将长治医学院2008级五年制临床医学专业371名学生随机分为实验组和对照组,在生物化学理论教学中,实验组采用自助式教学模式教学,对照组采用传统教学模式教学.教学结束后,比较两组学生的理论考试结果和问卷调查结果.结果 实验组学生理论考试成绩显著高于对照组学生;实验组学生对自助式教学模式评价较高.结论 自助式教学模式优于传统教学模式,自助式教学模式有助于提高生物化学的教学质量.

Abstract：

Objective To discuss application value of the self-service teaching model in biochemistry theory teaching. Methods 371 students who were in five year medical education, major in clinical medicine in 2008 were divided into the experimental group and the control group at random. The experimental group was adopted self-service teaching model and the control group was used traditional teaching model in biochemistry teaching. The score of two group students was compared, and questionnaire survey was made. Results The experimental group exceeded the control group in evaluation to theory teaching and teachers in the questionnaire survey and examination results. Conclusions The self-service teaching model was superior to the traditional teaching model. The self-service teaching model could improve the teaching quality of biochemistry.     

Randomized controlled multicenter clinical trial for integrated treatment of community-acquired pneumonia based on Traditional Chinese Medicine syndrome differentiation

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of treatment based on syndrome differentiation ofTraditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) for community-acquired pneumonia(CAP).METHODS:A total of 240 CAP patients were randomly divided into the following two groups:thecontrol group was treated by anti-infection plus conventional medicine treatment;and the trial group was treated by TCM plus the above-mentioned treatment given to the controls.The course of treatment was 14 days,and the patients were followed up for 7 days.RESULTS:Of the 240 patients,235 accomplished the whole process of treatment.The five patients who withdrew from the study were brought into an intent-to-treat analysis.The therapeutic effects of the trial group were superior to those of the control group(P<0.01).The trial group took less time to become clinically stable,with a higher score in the quality of life(P<0.01).There were no significant differences in mortality rate(P>0.05),white blood cell count(P>0.05),bacterial clearance rate(P>0.05),and adverse reactions between the two integrated groups.CONCLUSION:Treatment based on TCM syndrome differentiation for CAP has the advantages of resulting in less time to achieve a stable clinical condition,improvement of clinical symptoms and quality of life,and is comparatively safe.     

以问题为基础学习教学方法在局部解剖学实验教学中的应用

目的 探讨以问题为基础学习(problem-based learning,PBL)教学方法在局部解剖学实验教学中的应用价值,以提高教学质量.方法 以湖北民族学院医学院2009级临床医学专业本科1班、2班为实验组,3班、4班为对照组.实验组采用PBL教学方法,对照组采用传统的以教师讲授为主的教学方法.分析比较两组学生的考试成绩,评价以问题为基础学习教学方法的实施效果.结果 比较实验组与对照组学生的客观题考试成绩,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);比较病例分析题考试成绩,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 PBL教学方法能够激发学生的学习兴趣,培养学生的综合能力,有利于学生学习观念的转变,提高了学生分析和解决问题的能力.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the practical value of problem-based learning (PBL) teaching method in regional anatomy experiment teaching to improve teaching quality. Methods Took 2 classes of clinical undergraduates grade 2009 as experimental group and 2 classes as control group in medical school. PBL is applied in experimental group, while traditional teaching method (teacher-centered) is adopted in control group. Results There was little difference between the experimental group's scores of objective items in the exams and those of control group(P>0.05), while striking difference appears between the two groups in their scores of case analysis(P<0.05). Conclusions PBL teaching method could arouse students' interest in study, develop students' comprehensive abilities, prompt students' attitude change toward study and improve students' abilities in analyzing and solving problems.     

Study of Qingre Liyan Decoction (清热利咽汤) in treating and preventing acute radioactive oral mucositis

Objective:To study the effect of Qingre Liyan Decoction(清热利咽汤,QRLYD)in the prevention and treatment of acute radiative oral mucositis(AROM),and to explore the mechanism of QRLYD by detecting epidermal growth factor(EGF)and T lymphocytes(CD3,CD4,and CD8). Methods:Sixty patients conforming with the standard were randomly assigned to two groups,30 patients in each group.Patients in the trial group were treated with QRLYD,and those in the control group were treated with Dobell's solution,both groups receiving conventional radiation treatment.The treatment course for both groups was 6 weeks on average.Blood routine test,CD3,CD4,and CD8 in the peripheral blood and EGF in the saliva were detected one day before and on the 14th and 28th day of radio-therapy.Results:Patients in the trial group were in good condition with normal spirits and intake of food and drinks.The incidence of AROM is lower and the effect in preventing AROM is higher in the trial group than those in the control group(P<0.05).The EGF in saliva,and CD4 and CD8 in the blood of patients in the trial group were higher than those in the control group(P<0.05). Conclusion:QRLYD can cure and prevent AROM.The mechanism may be related with its effects in enhancing body immunity and promoting salivary EGF.     

以问题为基础学习结合角色扮演教学方法在传染病学临床见习教学中的应用

目的 评价以问题为基础学习(problem-based learning,PBL)结合角色扮演教学方法在传染病学临床见习教学中的应用效果.方法 将中山大学2005级五年制临床医学专业279名学生随机分为实验组与对照组,分别采用PBL结合角色扮演教学方法和传统教学方法,比较传染病学临床见习理论考核与临床技能考核成绩,并对实验组学生实施问卷调查.结果 实验组学生见习考核成绩明显高于对照组,其差别具有统计学意义.实验组中有92.7%的学生赞成新的教学方法.结论 PBL结合角色扮演教学方法提高了传染病学临床见习教学质量,有着较好的应用前景.

Abstract：

Objective Outcome evaluations of problem-based learning (PBL) and role playing on the clinical probation of communicable diseases. Methods 279 students from grade 2005 of clinical medicine major were divided into two groups. The intervention group participated in instruction of PBL incorporating role playing, while the control group accepted traditional instruction of communicable diseases. Instructors received and compared information from theoretical test scores before and after clinical probation,clinical technique test scores and answers to questionnaire. Results The theoretical and clinical technique test scores after clinical probation in intervention group were significantly higher than that of control group.92.7% students in intervention group preferred to the new type of instruction. Conclusions Problembased learning incorporating role playing helped to improving the quality of clinical instruction and deserved further use.     

以学习小组为基础的问题讨论式教学方法探讨

目的 寻求更好的系统解剖学教学方法.方法 将泰山医学院2008级本科护理学专业(麻醉护理与重症监护方向)1班和2班109名学生分为实验组和对照组,实验组采用以学习小组为基础的问题讨论式教学方法,对照组采用传统的教学方法讲授系统解剖学.课程结束后,两组学生采用相同的试题进行闭卷考试,并对实验组学生进行问卷调查.结果 实验组学生考试成绩的及格率和优秀率均高于对照组学生,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);实验组95.0%以上的学生对以学习小组为基础的问题讨论式教学方法持肯定态度.结论 以学习小组为基础的问题讨论式教学方法优于传统教学方法.     

基于Android平台的系统解剖学学习系统研究及使用效果

目的 基于Android平台的系统解剖学学习系统的开发及该系统在临床医学专业本科学生中的使用效果.方法 基于Android开发包,使用Java技术实现了系统解剖学学习系统的相关功能;昆明医科大学2014级本科临床专业108名学生,随机分为实验组和对照组,实验组使用传统教学方法并使用该学习系统进行自主学习,对照组使用传统教学方法.分别通过问卷调查和期末考试对2种教学方法进行主观和客观评价.结果 调查问卷显示87.5%的学生认为使用学习系统很有必要,实验组90.74%的学生认为提高学习效果和98.15%的学生认为提高自学能力;对于知识点考察,实验组考核平均成绩为(83.56±5.61)分,对照组考核平均成绩为(75.33±4.62)分,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 该学习系统能帮助学生很好理解和掌握系统解剖学的知识点,并提高教学效果.为下一步申请专利提供研究基础.     

系统解剖学网络教学平台的建设与实践

目的为培养学生自主学习的能力、提升教学效果,在系统解剖学教学中运用网络教学平台新模式。方法建设完善系统解剖学网络教学平台,以2012级药物制剂、制药工程、药学共117名学生为实验组,在传统教学基础上使用网络教学平台教学;以2011级药物制剂、制药工程、药学共123名学生为对照组,使用传统教学模式不变。以对实验组进行调查问卷和两组考核成绩对比的形式进行总结分析。结果实验组问卷调查结果显示大部分同学认为网络教学平台能从各方面提高学生的综合能力,对其较为满意。两组成绩考核对比显示,实验组学生优秀成绩优于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论在系统解剖学教学中运用网络教学平台,能够使系统解剖学这一门相对难懂的学科在教学模式上有新的突破,能够锻炼学生合理利用课余学习时间,在提高成绩与个人能力方面有显著效果。     

合作学习模式在护理本科生《生命伦理学》课程中的应用

目的: 探讨合作学习模式在护理本科生《生命伦理学》课程中的应用效果.方法: 把护理学系2012级A班175名学生(观察组)分为23个合作学习小组,实施合作学习;2012级护理学系B班176名学生作为对照组,实施以讲授和案例分析为主的传统教学方法.采用期末总结性评价、问卷调查等方法对教学效果进行评价.结果: 观察组学生的期末终结性评价成绩显著高于对照组(P< 0.01);对照组的课堂学习效率、沟通能力、自主学习能力、伦理决策能力等对教学体会以及对教学满意度均高于对照组(P< 0.05~P< 0.01).结论: 合作学习可以提升护理本科生对《生命伦理学》课程的兴趣,提高学生自主学习能力,提升教学效果.     

“互联网+”背景下“BOPPPS+CBL”在物理诊断教学中的应用

目的 物理诊断学是一门重要的理论和实践衔接的学科,通过与传统教学模式比较,探讨“互联网+”背景下BOPPPS与病例引导教学(case-based learning,CBL)相结合的教学方法在物理诊断实验课中的应用效果。 方法 将安徽医科大学2017级全科医学专业2个小班共68名学生以抽签方式随机分为实验组(36人)和对照组(32人)。对照组采用传统授课教学法;实验组采用“互联网+”背景下BOPPPS与CBL相结合的教学方法。课程结束后,对2组学生进行理论和技能操作考试,并采用调查问卷方式对学生在学习兴趣、自主学习能力、临床思维能力、团队协作以及对教学方法的满意程度等进行调查,以评价其教学效果。 结果 实验组的理论成绩和技能操作成绩均明显优于传统授课教学组(理论成绩得分80.37±8.97 vs. 73.81±9.97,t=2.850,P=0.006;技能操作成绩得分81.88±7.29 vs. 75.06±8.87,t=3.749,P=0.001)。问卷调查结果显示,与传统教学组相比,应用BOPPPS与CBL相结合的教学方法后,学生在学习兴趣、自主学习能力、临床思维、团队协作以及授课满意度等评价也明显优于传统授课教学组(均P<0.05)。 结论 在物理诊断实验课中实行“互联网+”背景下BOPPPS与CBL相结合的教学方法能够提高学生的学习兴趣,培养自主学习能力和临床思维,增强师生之间的交流和沟通,提高物理诊断实验课的教学质量。      

基于移动平台的“翻转课堂”教学模式应用于血液净化中心护生的效果

  目的  探讨移动平台为依托的“翻转课堂”教学模式对护生成绩、自主学习能力、学业自我效能感的影响。  方法  （1）选取2018年于血液净化中心实习护生为实验组,采用以移动平台为依托的“翻转课堂”教学模式;2017年于云南省某三甲医院实习的护生为对照组,采用传统带教模式。2组护生分别在实习结束后进行考核和自主学习能力、学业自我效能感的测评。  结果  2组护生理论考试、操作考试比较显示,实验组优于对照组（P < 0.01）;实验组护生自主学习能力4个维度测评,20个条目比较均优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P < 0.01）;2组护生学业自我效能感2个维度,22个条目比较显示均优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P < 0.01）。  结论  基于移动平台的“翻转课堂”教学模式应用于血液净化中心护生带教能更好的激发学生学习动机,提高自主学习能力、自我效能。依托移动平台助力护理教学质量的提升,弥补了教学医院带教模式单一的问题。     

“新医科”背景下WPBL教学法在医学人文英语课程中的效用研究

目的探索新医科背景下在医学人文英语课堂中引入网络环境下以问题为基础的学习(web problem based learning,WPBL)教学法是否有助于课程学习和学生人文素养的提升。方法以西安医学院临床专业2017级602名学生为实验组,2018级610名学生为对照组,围绕八大模块展开持续一学期的研究。对照组采用传统教学法;实验组依托蓝鸽云网络语言学习平台,使用WPBL教学法授课。教学结束后通过期末考试成绩比较、发放自制调查问卷,比较两种教学法对学生自学能力、思维能力、团队合作能力、知识运用能力培养等方面的教学效果。数据采用SPSS 20.0进行统计学处理。结果实验组学生期末平均成绩(62.13±2.11)分高于对照组(60.42±2.03)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。调查问卷的结果显示,两组学生在评价教学效果的各项目上均存在差异,且实验组的各项比例均在60%以上,显著高于对照组。实验组93.3%的学生满意WPBL教学法,对照组只有43.0%的学生满意传统教学法,两者差异显著。实验组学生在自学能力、查阅资料能力、探索知识能力、语言表达能力和发现问题、解决问题能力方面的评价均高于对照组学生。91.1%的实验组学生认为在课程中引入WPBL教学法有助于提升他们的医学人文素养,高于对照组学生的比例。结论医学人文英语课程引入WPBL教学法既能使学生掌握学习本领,又能强化学生人文素养,有助于推动医学教育发展。     

基于“治趣”移动平台的CBL教学方案对《内科学》教学的影响

目的:探查基于"治趣"移动信息化平台的CBL(case based learning)教学方案对内科学教学的效率及质量的影响。方法:选取安康职业技术学院医学院2020届临床医学专业学生100例,按照随机数字表法分为对照组(50例),给予传统教学,观察组(50例),给予基于"治趣"移动信息化平台的CBL教学,观察两组学生学习三个月后内科基础知识、案例分析、临床操作技能以及对基于"治趣"移动信息化平台的CBL教学方案的评价。结果:观察组基础知识、案例分析、临床操作评分显著高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组学生对基于"治趣"移动信息化平台的CBL教学方案的评价整体优于传统教学。结论:基于"治趣"移动信息化平台的CBL教育模式可加强学生学习的主动性,提高分析问题及解决问题能力,有利于改善学习质量,提高学习效率,值得应用。     

基于在线课程的“2+1”对分课堂在医学统计学本科教学中的应用

目的探索基于在线课程的"2+1"对分课堂在医学统计学本科教学中的应用效果。方法将2017年春季学期选修医学统计学的临床医学专业326名本科生随机分为普通班和试验班,普通班140名学生作为对照,采用传统方法授课;试验班186名学生,采用基于在线课程的"2+1"对分课堂教学,将在线自学、课堂授课、课堂讨论等有机结合。比较两个班学生的评价信息以及考试成绩。采用SAS 9.4进行定量资料描述及t检验、轶和检验。结果相较普通班,试验班学生认为基于在线课程的"2+1"对分课堂,更注重学科交叉(P<0.01),对能力培养有帮助(P=0.008),更利于从事科研(P=0.012);试验班学生综合满意度更高(P<0.01)。试验班学生在课终考试中综合案例分析题得分更高(P<0.01)。结论基于在线课程的"2+1"对分课堂教学效果优于传统模式,值得在高校教学中应用和推广。     

后疫情背景下《生理学》线上线下教学模式的探讨

目的 探索线上教学模式与传统教学模式在生理学课程中的应用评价。方法 选择蚌埠医学院2018级和2019级营养与食品卫生学专业本科生共71人作为研究对象,其中2019级36名学生为研究组,采用超星学习通+腾讯课堂线上教学模式;2018级35名学生为对照组,采用传统课堂教学模式。课程结束后,通过对2组学生课程的考核成绩进行比较,了解学习情况、检验学习效果。同时,以线上问卷调查形式,采取不记名的方式对学习主动性、学习兴趣度、学习动能、表达能力、独立思维能力、团队协作能力、创新能力、获得成功的体验、自信心提高、教学模式安排满意程度等方面,分析学生对本专业授课教学模式的评价情况。结果 研究组的考核成绩为(83.15±5.91)分,对照组的考核成绩为(86.10±8.06)分,2组课程考试成绩差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),同时2组成绩良好率差异也无统计学意义(P>0.05)。研究组在学习兴趣度、表达能力,以及教学方法和方式、教学创新满意度等方面高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);但在团队协作能力、获得成功的体验和自信心提高等方面低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均...