p53和EGFr在皮肤鳞癌中表达的研究

目的：研究皮肤鳞癌（SSCC）中p53和表皮生长因子受体（EGFr）的表达，探讨其在SSCC多阶段发生中与癌增殖、分化的关系。方法：采用免疫组化(LSAB)方法研究60例SSCC中p53和EGFr的表达。结果:在正常上皮中p53表达缺乏，癌中p53阳性表达率为56.67%(34/60).EGFr表达于整个癌巢中，p53和EGFr表达在癌的不同分化有显著差异，p53和EGFr的表达两者在SSCC中表达呈显著正相关。结论：在SSCC中由免疫组化显示p53和EGFr过表达的癌细胞常是获得了更具增殖、侵袭和间变能力的细胞类型;p53和EGFr过表达是判断SSCC增殖和分化的有意义指标。     

CyclinE、p27、p53在皮肤鳞状细胞癌中的表达及相关性

目的探讨CyclinE、p27、p53在皮肤鳞状细胞癌中的表达及相关性。方法采用免疫组化法检测36例皮肤鳞状细胞癌组织中CyclinE、p27、p53,分析三者表达与皮肤鳞状细胞癌分化程度之间的关系及三者之间的相关性。结果CyclinE、p53在皮肤鳞状细胞癌中表达均显著高于正常皮肤,随肿瘤分化程度降低而增强（P〈0．05）;p27在皮肤鳞状细胞癌中表达均显著低于正常皮肤,随肿瘤分化程度降低而减弱（P〈0．05）;CyclinE表达与p53表达呈正相关,与p27表达呈负相关。结论CyclinE、p53在皮肤鳞状细胞癌中的表达上调,p27表达下调,三者与皮肤鳞状细胞癌分化程度存在相关性。     

组织芯片免疫组化检测皮肤鳞癌间质反应对癌病理分级的影响

目的：在我国皮肤鳞状细胞癌（skinsquamous cell carcinoma,SSCC）是皮肤恶性肿瘤中最常见的肿瘤,本文运用组织芯片免疫组化技术研究癌间质对癌分级的影响。方法：将91例SSCC制备成组织芯片,通过免疫组化技术检测癌间质中免疫活性细胞,包括CD68阳性的巨噬细胞（Mφ）、IL-2R/CD25α阳性的淋巴细胞（LC）、CD117阳性的肥大细胞（MC）,细胞外基质中纤维连接蛋白（fibrinectin,FN）和基质金属蛋白酶（matrix metalloprotienases,MMPs）MMP-9、MMP-2及CD34阳性的微血管密度（microvessel density,MVD）,研究其与SSCC病理分级的相关性。结果：在SSCC癌巢周围间质中均有免疫活性细胞反应,各种免疫活性细胞量均与癌分级呈负相关（P〈0.01）;SSCC中FN表达有3种形式,其中细胞FN和基膜FN的减少在癌不同分级中差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）而间质FN表达在不同分化中差异无统计学意义。MMP-2、MMP-9在癌细胞与间质细胞中均有分布,并在癌细胞浸润前缘及癌细胞与间质细胞接触处明显增多,在癌终末分化的角化珠中未见分布。癌中MMP-2、MMP-9表达增强与SSCC分级呈正相关（P〈0.01）。MVD与癌分级呈正相关（P〈0.01）。结论：在SSCC中癌间质构成了癌生长的环境,显著影响与癌分化相关的病理分级。     

皮肤鳞癌中Survivin蛋白及p63蛋白的表达及其临床意义

目的 研究皮肤鳞癌组织中Survivin蛋白和p63蛋白的表达及其意义。方法 采用免疫组化法检测60例皮肤鳞癌组织中Survivin蛋白和p63蛋白的表达，探讨两者与鳞癌组织分化程度的关系。结果 (1)Survivin蛋白在皮肤鳞癌组织中阳性表达率为73．3％，组织分化程度越低，阳性表达率越高，但与表达强度无相关性。(2)p63在高分化鳞癌中呈环状分布于癌巢周围，低分化鳞癌中阳性细胞增多，分布紊乱，不同分化程度的鳞癌p63表达有显著性差异(分化程度越低，表达强度越高)。结论 皮肤鳞癌中Survivin蛋白的阳性表达率与分化程度有密切关系，其高表达提示肿瘤预后不良，也可能成为治疗皮肤鳞癌的重要新靶点。p63过度表达的癌细胞是获得了更具增殖、侵袭和间变能力的细胞。     

p34cdc2在非小细胞肺癌中的表达及意义

目的：研究非小细胞肺癌组织中p34^cdc2的表达，探讨其表达与非小细胞肺癌临床病理特征的关系。方法：随机收集非小细胞肺癌（含癌旁组织和正常肺组织）标本100例，采用免疫组织化学S－P法显示p34^cdc2的表达并结合肺病的临床病理特征进行分析。结果：p34^cdc2的表达在非小细胞肺癌组织与癌旁细小支气管上皮增生组织细胞中定位于细胞质中，在癌组织中有过表达，在癌旁组织中有增强表达，与正常组织间p34^cdc2表达差异有显著性（P＜0．01）。组织类型，分化程度和淋巴结转移与p34^cdc2的表达均无统计学意义。不同临床分期的非小细胞肺癌，其p34^cdc2的阳性表达差异有显著性（P＜0．05）；结论：p34^cdc2在非小细胞肺癌中有过表达现象，过表达的p34^cdc2可作为反映非小细胞肺癌细胞分裂增殖能力和临床分期的参考指标之一。     

Survivin及p63蛋白在鳞状细胞癌皮损的表达及其意义中

目的：研究皮肤鳞癌组织中Survivin蛋白和P63蛋白的表达及其意义。方法：采用免疫组化法检测60例皮肤鳞癌组织中Survivin蛋白和P63蛋白的表达，探讨两者与鳞癌组织分化程度的关系。结果：Survivin蛋白在皮肤鳞癌组织中阳性表达率为73．3％，其表达越强，组织分化程度越低。P63在高分化鳞癌中呈环状分布于癌巢周围，低分化鳞癌中阳性细胞增多，分布紊乱，其表达在癌的不同分化中差异有显著性。结论：皮肤鳞癌中Survivin蛋白的表达与分化程度有密切关系，它的高表达提示肿瘤预后不良，也可能成为治疗皮肤鳞癌的重要新靶点。P63过度表达的癌细胞是获得了更具增殖、侵袭和间变能力的细胞。     

Survivin及p63蛋白在鳞状细胞癌皮损中的表达及其意义

目的:研究皮肤鳞癌组织中Survivin蛋白和p63蛋白的表达及其意义.方法:采用免疫组化法检测60例皮肤鳞癌组织中Survivin蛋白和p63蛋白的表达,探讨两者与鳞癌组织分化程度的关系.结果:Survivin蛋白在皮肤鳞癌组织中阳性表达率为73.3 %,其表达越强,组织分化程度越低.p63在高分化鳞癌中呈环状分布于癌巢周围,低分化鳞癌中阳性细胞增多,分布紊乱,其表达在癌的不同分化中差异有显著性.结论:皮肤鳞癌中Survivin蛋白的表达与分化程度有密切关系,它的高表达提示肿瘤预后不良,也可能成为治疗皮肤鳞癌的重要新靶点.p63过度表达的癌细胞是获得了更具增殖、侵袭和间变能力的细胞.     

ΔNp63、p21^WAF1及MDM2基因蛋白在鼻咽癌组织表达的研究

目的：探讨鼻咽癌组织中ΔNp63、p21^WAF1和MDM2蛋白的表达及意义。方法：采用免疫组化方法研究ΔNp63、p21^WAF1和MDM2蛋白在60例鼻咽癌活检组织的表达，60例鼻咽癌的组织类型包括角化性鳞癌3例；非角化性癌57例，其中含未分化癌12例。结果：60例鼻咽癌抗△Np63染色成不同程度阳性反应，表现为细胞核棕黄色。其中角化性鳞癌呈弱阳性表达，癌巢周边基底样细胞阳性略呈环状分布，或弥散分布；非角化性癌多呈强阳性反应，染色深，呈弥漫或片状分布，癌旁粘膜及正常鼻咽粘膜仅基底层和上基层细胞呈阳性表达。p21^WAF1在鼻咽癌、癌旁上皮及正常粘膜上皮的阳性率分别为26％、15％、7％，在三组的表达无显性差异；MDM2在鼻咽癌、癌旁上皮及正常粘膜上皮的阳性率分别为19％、5％、4％，在癌组和非癌组表达有显性差异。结论：△Np63蛋白在鼻咽非角化性癌中高表达，表明与细胞恶性增生密切相关，可能在癌细胞多相性退分化中起作用，是鼻咽非角化性癌有价值的诊断指标。MDM2在鼻咽癌组的表达显高于对照组，起癌基因作用。ΔNp63和MDM2均抑制p53转录活性，使NPC中p53虽然无突变却缺乏失活。p53活性低则不能上调p2l啪，Gl关卡失去功能，形同虚设。ΔNp63及MDM2高表达和p21^WAF1低表达使NPC逃避p53生长抑制。     

p16蛋白在人口腔上皮鳞状细胞癌及异常增生中的相关性研究

目的:研究p16蛋白表达在口腔鳞状细胞癌及口腔黏膜增生中的作用及临床意义。方法:采用免疫组织化学(S-P法),对10例正常口腔黏膜,12例口腔上皮单纯增生,20例异常增生,40例口腔上皮鳞状细胞癌进行p16蛋白的免疫组织化学染色。结果:正常口腔黏膜、口腔上皮单纯增生p16蛋白免疫组化染色均为阳性,口腔上皮异常增生、鳞癌Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级p16蛋白阳性表达率分别为76%、70%、44%和33%。口腔黏膜异常增生、口腔黏膜鳞状细胞癌Ⅰ级p16蛋白阳性表达率显著高于口腔黏膜鳞状细胞癌Ⅱ、Ⅲ级(P<0.05)。结论:p16蛋白表达与组织分化程度相关,可作为判断口腔鳞癌分化程度的一个参数指标。     

食管鳞癌组织中ICE蛋白的表达及其意义

采用ＬＳＡＢ免疫组化染色方法，对３９例管鳞癌手术标本的ＩＣＥ（Ｐ２０）蛋白进行标记。结果发现：随着食管正常上皮向不典型增生上皮转变，ＩＣＥ弥漫性细胞阳性逐渐减少以至消失，４例不典型增生上皮出现散在细胞阳性；７４．３６％（２９／３９）的癌组织中有ＩＣＥ散在表达，且随着癌细胞分化程度的降低，ＩＣＥ的表达率也逐渐减少。提示：细胞的凋亡程度与癌细胞的分化有关，癌组织分化越好，其凋亡的发生率也越高；ＩＣＥ蛋     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.